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L <br /> A. M . ENGINEEMG AND TESTING , INC. <br /> KEY TO SOIL CLASSIFICATION <br /> Y <br /> L <br /> I . CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL CONSTITUENTS BY PARTICLE SIZE * <br /> Category Particle Diameter <br /> Silt and Clay Less than 0. 0029 inch (0 . 074 mm) [not visible to human <br /> eye] <br /> Sand Fine — 0 . 0029 inch to 0 . 017 inch (0 . 074 mm to 0 .42 mm) <br /> Medium — 0 .017 inch to 0 . 079 inch (0 .42 to 2 . 0 mm) <br /> Coarse — 0 .079 inch to 0 . 19 inch ( 2 . 0 to 4 .75 mm) <br /> Gravel Fine — 0 . 19 inch to 0 . 75 inch <br /> Coarse — 0 . 75 inch to 3 inches <br /> Cobbles 3 to 12 inches <br /> Boulders Greater than 12 -inches <br /> * Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D 2487 -93 ) <br /> II . AMOUNT OF MINOR CONSTITUENTS IN SOIL <br /> Content of Minor SOIL Constituents Modifier Content of ORGANIC Components" <br /> (Shell, Silt, etc. ) * <br /> 0% to 5 % Trace 1 % to 2 % <br /> 5 % to 12 % Little 2% to 4% <br /> 12% to 30% Some 4% to 8 % <br /> 30% to 50% And Greater than 8% <br /> * Approximations based on visual examination of samples and results of laboratory analyses , <br /> if available . <br /> III. CORRELATION OF RELATIVE DENSITY AND CONSISTENCY <br /> u WITH STANDARD PENETRATION RESISTANCE, N , <br /> AND CONE PENETROMETER RESISTANCE, qc <br /> SANDS and GRAVEL SILTS and CLAYS <br /> Cone Blows J foot Cone <br /> Blows / foot Relative Resistance Consistency Resistance <br /> N Density {tsf) N (t5f) <br /> 0 - 4 Very loose 0 - 15 0 - 2 Very soft 0 - 3 <br /> 5 - 10 Loose 20 — 40 3 - 4 Soft 4 - 6 <br /> 11 - 20 Firm 40 - 80 5 - 8 Firm 7 - 12 <br /> 21 - 30 Medium dense 95 - 120 9 — 15 Stiff 13 — 25 <br /> 31 - 50 Dense 125 - 200 1 1 16 — 30 Verystiff 25 - 50 <br /> L Over 50 Verydense Over 200 Over 30 Hard Over 50 <br /> rr <br />