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f✓iectronic lode of Pederal Regulations : Page 20 of 43 (b ) Procurement standards. ( 1 ) Grantees and subgrantees will use, their own procurement procedures which reflect applicable State and local laws and regulations , provided that the procurements conform to applicable federal law , the standards identified in this section , and if applicable , §31 . 38 . (2 ) Grantees and subgrantees will maintain a contract administration system which ensures that contractors perform in accordance with the terms , conditions , and specifications of their contracts or purchase orders . (3) Grantees and subgrantees will maintain a written code of standards of conduct goveming the performance of their employees engaged in the award and administration of contracts . No employee , officer or agent of the grantee or subgrantee shall participate in selection , or in the award or administration of a contract supported by Federal funds if a conflict of interest, real or apparent, would be involved . Such a conflict would arise when : (1 ) The employee , officer or agent, (ii ) Any member of his immediate family , (iii) His or her partner, or (iv) An organization which employs , or is about to employ , any of the above , has a financial or other interest in the firm selected for award. The grantee' s or subgrantee' s officers , employees or agents will neither solicit nor accept gratuities , favors or anything of monetary value from contractors , potential contractors , or parties to subagreements . Grantee and subgrantees may set minimum rules where the financial interest is not substantial or the gift is an unsolicited Item of nominal intrinsic value . To the extent permitted by State or local law or regulations , such standards or conduct will provide for penalties , sanctions , or other disciplinary actions for violations of such standards by the grantee's and subgrantee' s officers , employees , or agents , or by contractors or their agents . The awarding agency may in regulation provide additional prohibitions relative to real , apparent, or potential conflicts of interest. (4) Grantee and subgrantee procedures will provide for a review of proposed procurements to avoid purchase of unnecessary or duplicative items . Consideration should be given to consolidating or breaking out procurements to obtain a more economical purchase . Where appropriate , an analysis will be made of lease versus purchase alternatives , and any other appropriate analysis to determine the most economical approach . (5 ) To foster greater economy and efficiency , grantees and subgrantees are encouraged to enter into State and local intergovernmental agreements for procurement or use of common goods and services . (6) Grantees and subgrantees are encouraged to use Federal excess and surplus property in lieu of purchasing new equipment and property whenever such use is feasible and reduces project costs . (7 ) Grantees and subgrantees are encouraged to use value engineering clauses in contracts for construction projects of sufficient size to offer reasonable opportunities for cost reductions . Value engineering is a systematic and creative ansylsis of each contract item or task to ensure that its essential function is provided at the overall lower cost. (8) Grantees and subgrantees will make awards only to responsible contractors possessing the ability to perform successfully under the terms and conditions of a proposed procurement. Consideration will be given to such matters as contractor integrity , compliance with public policy , record of past performance , and financial and technical resources . (9 ) Grantees and subgrantees will maintain records sufficient to detail the significant history of a procurement . These records will include , but are not necessarily limited to the following: rationale for the method of procurement , selection of contract type , contractor selection or rejection , and the basis for the contract price . ( 10 ) Grantees and subgrantees will use time and material type contracts only— ( 1) After a determination that no other contract is suitable , and (it) If the contract includes a ceiling price that the contractor exceeds at its own risk. http ://ecfr . gpoaccess . aov/cgi/t/text/text- idx ?c=eefr& sid=b65e0?ac51 c4d8ab42b4f619e4cf4 . . . 7/ 16/2008