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INSTALLATION OF DRAINAGE PIPE AND STRUCTURES <br /> 1 ) SCOPE <br /> A) This section covers the handling of materials and the work required to install , construct and join; <br /> piping, fittings , and appurtenances for a complete drainage system as shown on the Drawings <br /> and specified herein . <br /> 2 ) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS <br /> A) All work shall be proved to be in first class condition and. constructed properly in accordance with <br /> the Drawings and Specifications . All defects and leaks disclosed by required testing shall be <br /> remedied . All tests shall be performed by the Contractor and observed by the Engineer . <br /> B) All pipe and structures shall be installed on dry , firm bedding. The free-water surface shall be <br /> lowered to at least 12 inches below the bedding surface prior to placing pipe or structures and <br /> shall be maintained at that depth throughout bedding , haunching , and initial backfilling of the <br /> work. During subsequent backfilling , the water level shall be kept sufficiently below the working <br /> surface to allow compaction of backfill to the required density , and until required density tests <br /> have been performed . <br /> C ) Temporary supports shall be installed for adequate protection and maintenance of all <br /> underground and surface structures , water lines , drains , and other obstructions encountered in <br /> the progress of the work . Any structures which may- have been disturbed shall be restored upon <br /> completion of the work . <br /> D) Blasting shall not be permitted except by written approval , of the Engineer. <br /> E) Trenching and subsequent backfilling within the general construction site shall be accomplished <br /> as expeditiously as possible in order to prevent trench decay and maintain a clear operational <br /> I area . <br /> F) Prior to any excavation or trenching outside the designated limits of the work site , the Contractor <br /> shall secure the necessary permits and/or authorization from the applicable Owner, or confirm <br /> that such has been previously obtained . The stipulations of said permit or authorization shall be <br /> completely followed and , prior to construction operations , notice shall be provided to the <br /> appropriate Owner and Engineer. <br /> G ) All work shall be installed in accordance with these specifications , the applicable sections of the <br /> FDOT specifications , manufacturers recommendations and the Drawings . <br /> 3 ) HANDLING MATERIALS <br /> A) Pipe , fittings , and accessories shall be loaded and unloaded by hand or skidding so as to avoid <br /> shock or damage . Under no circumstances shall such materials be dropped . Pipe handled on <br /> skidways shall not be skidded or rolled against pipe already on the ground . <br /> B) In distributing the material at the site of the work , each piece shall be unloaded opposite or near <br /> the place where it is to be laid in the trench . <br /> 4) ALIGNMENT, GRADE , AND COVER FOR BURIED PIPING SYSTEMS <br /> A) Pipe shall be laid and maintained to the required lines , depths , and grades . <br /> ` B) Wherever obstructions not indicated on the Drawings are encountered during the progress of the <br /> work and interfere to such an extent that an alteration in the . Drawings is required , the Engineer <br /> will order a deviation from the line and grade or arrange with the owners of the structures for the <br /> removal , relocation , or reconstruction of the obstructions . <br /> C) The maximum permissible deflection for pipe and fittings shall be as recommended by the <br /> manufacturer. <br /> D-3- 1 <br />