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3) Prior to installation , the interior of all pipe and fittings shall be inspected for debris , sediment accumulation , sand , and the like , and shall be cleaned as required to remove such foreign matter. Joint surfaces such as gaskets , gasket grooves , spigots, and bells shall be cleaned of sand and grit prior to joining . 4) Gasket lubricants shall be stored and applied in a manner that will prevent significant contamination or pick-up of sand and grit . 5) The pipe spigot shall be centered in and aligned with its mating bell prior to insertion and forced evenly in a straight line to seating depth , taking care not to over- bell the joint . Where required , deflections shall be made after the joint is seated . 6) Joining shall generally be done by hand or by hush- bar with a cushion block whenever pipe size and weight permit. When a mechanical pushing/pulling device such as chain -puller, come-along , and the like is required , the device shall be used in a manner that will not deform gouge , chip , or otherwise damage the pipe or cause significant disturbance of the prepared bedding . In no case shall joints be made by "popping-on" or swinging the spigot into the bell to seat the joint . 7 ) Fittings and appurtenances shall be fully, independently supported on the bedding or on a permanent foundation so as not to bear on the pipe upon completion of the installation . 8 ) The installed piping system shall be kept free of dirt, trench water, and other foreign matter during the progress of the work, and all open ends of the line shall be sealed with watertight plugs whenever work is not in progress . 9) Empty installed pipe shall be secured against flotation due to potential trench flooding by timely placement of sufficient backfill or approved anchoring devices sufficient to resist pipe buoyancy . 10 ) INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS A) Fittings , plugs , and caps shall be set and jointed to pipe in the manner heretofore specified for cleaning , laying and jointing pipe . 11 ) INSTALLATION OF DRAINAGE STRUCTURES A) Excavation for drainage structures shall be of sufficient size to permit construction of the structure to progress without hindrance from the walls of the excavation or from sloughed materials . No less than 12 inches clearance shall be provided between excavation walls and walls of the structure . If soil conditions encountered at the bottom of the excavation would in the sole opinion of the Engineer be unsuitable for foundation , the Contractor shall remove and dispose of the unsuitable material to the depth where suitable bearing can be obtained . The determination of the necessity for and the extent of additional excavation shall be made by the Engineer, who shall inform the Contractor in writing regarding such necessity and the extent. This excavation shall then be backfilled to the appropriate grade with Type 1 or Type 3 backfill material , placed in 8 inch layers and compacted to a density equal to 100 percent of the maximum density as determined by AASHTO T180 , B) Installation of drainage structures shall conform to the details as shown on the Drawings and , unless otherwise specified , shall conform with Section 425 of the 1986 Edition of the Florida D . O . T . Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction . Backfill shall be placed in lifts not to exceed 12 inches loose depth and compacted to 95 percent of maximum density per AASHTO T- 180 in unpaved areas and to required subgrade density in areas of paving or curbing . C ) Backfill shall not be placed against cast-in-place concrete structures until the concrete has attained sufficient strength to resist the load without damage , and in no case , less than seven days after the concrete was placed . D -3-6