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Comprehensive Plan Capital Improvements Element financing. Short term financing is usually accomplished by the use of bond pools, notes, private placements with banks, and the public placement of Voted General Obligation debt. Long term financing is usually achieved through the issuance of bonds sold on the public market. According to state law, local governments may sell bonds for capital improvements without a referendum of the voters if the pledge used for the bond is a non -ad valorem revenue source. Conversely, any bond issue pledging ad valorem taxes requires approval through a voter referendum. General Obligation Bonds are bonds that are secured by the full faith and credit of the issuing government. Those bonds are secured by a pledge of the issuer's ad valorem taxing power. According to state law, the amount of ad valorem taxes necessary to pay the debt service on general obligation bonds is not subject to the constitutional property tax millage limits. Such bonds constitute debts of the issuer and require approval through a voter referendum prior to issuance. Revenue bonds are bonds payable from a specific source of revenue, where the full faith and credit of the issuer is not pledged to repay the bonds. Because revenue bonds are payable from identified sources of revenue, bond holders may not compel taxation or legislative appropriation of funds for payment of debt service. Pledged revenues may be derived from operation of financed projects, grants, or other specified non -ad valorem taxes. A public referendum is not required prior to issuance or validation of such obligations. In the past, the county has issued revenue bonds to finance improvements to its sanitary sewer, potable water, and golf course facilities. Also, revenue bonds have been issued to finance the cost of construction of various capital improvement projects. Deposits from bond revenues are put into the respective bond fund accounts for those projects, whereby funds are specifically designated for a particular project, and user charges are used to pay off the debt. Special assessment bonds are bonds issued to pay for capital improvements that impact specific areas or groups of property owners. Proceeds from the assessments levied against benefiting property owners are used to pay off the bond debt. The issuance of those bonds does not need to be approved by voter referendum. Revenue bonds and special assessment bonds are similar in nature, except that special assessment bond debt is paid -off by assessments levied against benefiting property owners and not from ongoing user charges. The county has issued special assessment bonds for solid waste disposal. The issuance of tax anticipation or bond anticipation notes is an example of a short-term (less than five years) method of financing. Notes usually have higher interest rates than bonds and have shorter maturity dates than bonds. Tax anticipation notes are issued in advance of a new fiscal year to cover gaps in the budget before property taxes are received, while bond anticipation notes are issued in Community Development Department Indian River County Adopted IVec . i , 2015, Ordinance 2015- 011 12