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Urban Water Quality and Fertilizer ordinances:Avoiding Unintended Conse uences:A Review.... 23 <br /> numerous and the interactions with harmful Ann Arbor,MI.2011.Phosphorus fertilizer <br /> algal blooms are complex. ordinance. <br /> http://www.a2gov.org/govemment/publicservices/ <br /> •Based on an analysis of national research, systems_planning/environment/pages/ <br /> unfertilized turf will lead to increased runoff and phosphorusfertilizer.aspx <br /> nutrient losses as tarfgrass health and density <br /> declines over time due to insufficient nutrient Arrington,D.A.,and K.Y.Melton.2010. <br /> supply. Unintended consequences:numeric nutrient criteria <br /> will constrain reuse opportunities. <br /> •BMPs,whether voluntary or embodied in a http://www.dgfirm.com/images/arrington- <br /> fertilizer ordinance,have been shown to be melton_reuse-NNC-v2%20_3_.pdf <br /> effective in reducing pollution of water bodies. <br /> Association of California Water Agencies. <br /> •Developing nutrient BMPs involves an iterative 2009.General facts about California's water <br /> process based on science and must be sustained [online].Available by Association of California <br /> to develop continually advancing knowledge. Water Agencies <br /> http://www.acwa.com/issues/generaLwater—facts/ <br /> facts/ <br /> •The BMP solution avoids the"one-size-fits-all" index.asp(verified 16 December 2009). <br /> approach because BMPs,by definition,provide <br /> for adjustments in the practices depending on Baker,L.D.2007.Stormwater pollution:Getting <br /> local conditions and science-based to the source.Stormwater November—December, <br /> recommendations. 2007,8 pages. <br /> •All published scientific research should be part <br /> http://www.stormh2o.com/forms/print-7447.aspx. <br /> of a comprehensive and complete discussion of Baker L.,D.Hope,Y.Xu,J.Edmonds,and L. <br /> approaches to reduce urban nutrient losses.All Lauver.2001.Nitrogen balance for the central <br /> stakeholders should actively engage in this Arizona—Phoenix(CAP)ecosystem.Ecosystems <br /> process. 4:582-602. <br /> •Research publications point to the importance Barber,S.A. 1984. Soil nutrient bioavailability: <br /> of a continued education effort to inform A Mechanistic Approach.Wiley-Interscience.New <br /> homeowners about how their landscape practices York. <br /> impact water quality.UF/IFAS conducts public <br /> education for the consumer and the landscape Barker,A.V.,and D.J.Pilbeam.2007. <br /> management professional.Continuing the effort Handbook of plant nutrition.Taylor and Francis.New <br /> to educate the public about the BMPs,as York. <br /> determined by scientific research,is of the Barton,L,and T.Colmer.2004.Irrigation and <br /> utmost importance. fertilizer strategies for minimizing nitrogen leaching <br /> References Cited from turfgrass.Procs.4s'Invi.Crop Science <br /> Congress. <br /> Alcock,F.2007.An assessment of Florida red M.C.,M.D.Dukes,and G.L Miller. <br /> tide:Causes,consequences and management Baum, <br /> s 2005•Analysis of residential irrigation distribution <br /> strategies.Mote Marine Laboratory,technical report <br /> 1190. uniformity.J.Irrigation and Drainage Engin. <br /> 131:336-341. <br /> Anderson,D.M.,P.M.Glibert,and J.M. 2008.Water <br /> Burkholder.2002.Harmful algal blooms and Beard,J.,and M.Kenna(Eds.). <br /> quality and quantity issues in urban landscapes. <br /> eutrophication:nutrient sources,composition,and <br /> Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. <br /> consequences.Estuaries 25:704-726. <br /> Ames,Iowa USA. <br /> `� . 3a <br />