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impacts of Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. <br />Hurricane Sandy (October 26, 2012) caused an estimated $12 <br />million in total countywide beach erosion damages. As a result, <br />several emergency dune repair crossover repair projects <br />occurredfrom 2012-2015. <br />Because of their location along the Atlantic Ocean and <br />Intercoastal Waterway, the City of Vero Beach, Town of Indian <br />River Shores, Town of Orchid, the City of Sebastian, and <br />unincorporated County are more apt to experience beach <br />erosion associated with wave or current action. <br />Extent. DEP has identified Indian River County as a medium- <br />high risk to erosion. The beaches of Florida will continue to <br />shift and change over time, especially when faced with the <br />current levels of development. This is especially a high <br />probability hazard, especially in conjunction with hurricanes, <br />winter storms, and coastal flooding. <br />Probability. Nearly 495 miles of Florida's beaches, <br />approximately 60 percent, are currently experiencing erosion. <br />Erosion can have significant economic impacts on the state <br />due to property damages, loss of beachfront property, and <br />effects to tourism. Florida's rivers also routinely experience <br />erosion. This is a high probability hazard for Florida, including <br />Indian River County, and is constantly being monitored by <br />local, state, and federal entities. <br />Vulnerability Assessment. Erosion can have the following <br />potential impacts within a community: <br />• Soil/beach erosion; <br />• Navigable waterway impairment; <br />• Economic disruption; <br />• Damage to critical environmental resources; and <br />• Stormwater drainage impairment. <br />Indian River County's vulnerability to soil collapse and beach <br />erosion is moderate along its entire coastline. The City of Vero <br />Beach has a significant beach erosion problem, which resulted <br />in two of the FEMA repetitive damage properties reported. <br />Other beachfront communities report low to moderate erosion <br />problems. Erosion also is a potential vulnerability for the <br />Indian River County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Page 45 <br />