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1) Citrus canker, 2) Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), 3) Sugarcane pests, and 4) Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). Extent. Best available data do not indicate that there have been incidents of agricultural pests and diseases in Indian River County or the municipalities. o. Citrus Canker and Citrus Greening—Hazard Identification. Citrus canker was found in Dade County in 2005, and by 2008 it had spread to 32 counties with Florida. Citrus canker is a bacterial disease of citrus that causes premature leaf and fruit drop. It affects all types of citrus, including oranges, sour oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, lemons, and limes. Symptoms found on leaves and fruit are brown, raised lesions surrounded by an oily, water-soaked area and a yellow ring or halo (Indian River County Agriculture Forum, 2009). There is no known chemical compound that will destroy the citrus canker bacteria. In order to eradicate the disease, infected trees must be cut down and disposed of properly. It is a highly contagious disease that can be spread rapidly by windborne rain, lawnmowers and other landscaping equipment, animals and birds, people carrying the infection on their hands or clothing, and moving infected or exposed plants or plant parts. Citrus greening, also known as huanglongbing (HLB)or yellow dragon disease is one of the most serious citrus diseases in the world. It is a bacterial disease that greatly reduces production, destroys the economic value of fruit, and can kill trees. It has significantly reduced citrus production in Asia, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Brazil. Once infected, there is no cure for a tree with citrus greening disease. In areas of the world where citrus greening is endemic, citrus trees decline and die within a few years. The disease specifically attacks citrus plants and presents no threat to humans or animals. P. Mediterranean Fruit Fly — Hazard Identification. Another threat to Indian River County's agriculture industry is the Medfly. It is one of the world's most destructive pests and infests more than 250 different plants that are important for U.S. food producers, homeowners, and wildlife. It is considered the greatest pest threat to Florida's $1.5 billion Indian River County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Page 53