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the early 2000s. Occupational segregation also continues to affect some <br />women more than others: Of all racial/ethnic groups, Hispanic women and <br />men are the least likely to work in the same jobs (Hegewisch & Hartmann, <br />2014). <br />Increasing the number of women in traditionally male fields will likely <br />improve wages for women, but it is unlikely to fully eliminate the pay gap. <br />Women in male -dominated jobs such as computer programming still face <br />a pay gap compared with their male counterparts (Figure 9), even though <br />women in such jobs may be paid higher salaries than women in traditionally <br />female fields are paid. It will take more than individual women pursuing <br />careers in historically male fields to ensure fair pay for all. (See AAUW's <br />reports Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineenng, and Mathematics <br />and Solving the Equation: The Vanables for IY/omen'r Success in Engineenng and Com- <br />puting for more discussion of career choice and occupational gender gaps.) <br />FIGURE 9 <br />Earnings Ratio in Median Weekly Pay among Full -Time Workers, Selected Occupations, <br />2015 <br />w <br />Truck drivers <br />t`o <br />m <br />Hand laborers and <br />�, E <br />material movers <br />Oma <br />3` <br />Software <br />developers <br />Food service <br />managers <br />cNZ5 <br />°^o <br />v � <br />Designers <br />VL <br />8;E <br />Financial <br />managers <br />Elementary and T <br />v r <br />middle school <br />0 E s <br />teachers <br />0 <br />° 3 <br />Maids and <br />?oT <br />housekeepers <br />u <br />Otv <br />3` <br />Registered <br />nurses <br />84% <br />0—i <br />$632 $751 <br />8 % <br />$455 $547 <br />81% <br />$1,415 <br />5680 $820 <br />$918 1,099 <br />65% <br />SL130 <br />$957! SL077 <br />86� i <br />$4007 $$4475 <br />I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I <br />$0 $500 $1,000 $1.500 $2,000 <br />0 Female median weekly earnings 0 Male median weekly earnings <br />XX% Women's earnings as a percentage of men's earnings <br />Source: U.S. Department of tabor, U.S. Bureau of tabor Statistics, Current Population Survey Annual Average Data Tables, <br />Table 39 <br />18 <br />- 2 (/ <br />AAUW found that just one year after college graduation, women were paid <br />82 percent of what their male counterparts were paid (AAUW, 2012). <br />Furthermore, earnings are affected by race and ethnicity as well as gender. <br />White women are paid more than African American and Hispanic women <br />at all education levels (Figure 7). <br />Research suggests that differences in education and other measurable <br />factors explain part of the difference In earnings between racial and ethnic <br />groups. However, as is the case with gender, part of the racial/ethnic pay <br />gap cannot be explained by factors known to affect earnings and 1s likely <br />due, at least 111 part, to discrimination. <br />FIGURE 7 <br />Median Weekly Earnings of Women, by Race/Ethnicity and Level of Education, 2015 <br />SL600 <br />$1,400 <br />$1,200 <br />$1,000 <br />$800 <br />$600 <br />$400 <br />$200 <br />$o <br />Hispanic women African American women White women Asian American women <br />0 Less than a high school diploma f High school diploma, no college <br />0 Some college or associate degree 0 Bachelors degree 0 Advanced degree <br />Note: Based on median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, ages 25 and older, 2015 annual <br />averages <br />Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, reported in U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor <br />Statistics, 2015 Usual Weekly Earnings Summary, Economic News Release USOL-16-0111, Table 9 <br />,2- 2/ 15 <br />