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which this proposal is submitted for assistance in obtaining a copy of those regulations. "First Tier Covered Transactions" <br /> refers to any covered transaction between a grantee or subgrantee of Federal funds and a participant(such as the prime <br /> or general contract). "Lower Tier Covered Transactions" refers to any covered transaction under a First Tier Covered <br /> Transaction (such as subcontracts). "First Tier Participant" refers to the participant who has entered into a covered <br /> transaction with a grantee or subgrantee of Federal funds (such as the prime or general contractor). "Lower Tier <br /> Participant" refers any participant who has entered into a covered transaction with a First Tier Participant or other Lower <br /> Tier Participants (such as subcontractors and suppliers). <br /> e. The prospective lower tier participant agrees by submitting this proposal that, should the proposed covered <br /> transaction be entered into, it shall not knowingly enter into any lower tier covered transaction with a person who is <br /> debarred, suspended, declared ineligible, or voluntarily excluded from participation in this covered transaction, unless <br /> authorized by the department or agency with which this transaction originated. <br /> f. The prospective lower tier participant further agrees by submitting this proposal that it will include this clause titled <br /> "Certification Regarding Debarment, Suspension, Ineligibility and Voluntary Exclusion-Lower Tier Covered Transaction," <br /> without modification, in all lower tier covered transactions and in all solicitations for lower tier covered transactions <br /> exceeding the $25,000 threshold. <br /> g. A participant in a covered transaction may rely upon a certification of a prospective participant in a lower tier covered <br /> transaction that is not debarred, suspended, ineligible, or voluntarily excluded from the covered transaction, unless it <br /> knows that the certification is erroneous. A participant is responsible for ensuring that its principals are not suspended, <br /> debarred, or otherwise ineligible to participate in covered transactions. To verify the eligibility of its principals, as well as <br /> the eligibility of any lower tier prospective participants, each participant may, but is not required to, check the Excluded <br /> Parties List System website (https://www.epls.gov/), which is compiled by the General Services Administration. <br /> h. Nothing contained in the foregoing shall be construed to require establishment of a system of records in order to <br /> render in good faith the certification required by this clause. The knowledge and information of participant is not required <br /> to exceed that which is normally possessed by a prudent person in the ordinary course of business dealings. <br /> i. Except for transactions authorized under paragraph e of these instructions, if a participant in a covered transaction <br /> knowingly enters into a lower tier covered transaction with a person who is suspended, debarred, ineligible, or voluntarily <br /> excluded from participation in this transaction, in addition to other remedies available to the Federal Government, the <br /> department or agency with which this transaction originated may pursue available remedies, including suspension and/or <br /> debarment. <br /> 4. Certification Regarding Debarment, Suspension, Ineligibility and Voluntary Exclusion--Lower Tier <br /> Participants: <br /> 1. The prospective lower tier participant certifies, by submission of this proposal, that neither it nor its principals is <br /> presently debarred, suspended, proposed for debarment, declared ineligible, or voluntarily excluded from participating in <br /> covered transactions by any Federal department or agency. <br /> 2. Where the prospective lower tier participant is unable to certify to any of the statements in this certification, such <br /> prospective participant shall attach an explanation to this proposal. <br /> XI. CERTIFICATION REGARDING USE OF CONTRACT FUNDS FOR LOBBYING <br /> This provision is applicable to all Federal-aid construction contracts and to all related subcontracts which exceed <br /> $100,000 (49 CFR 20). <br /> 1. The prospective participant certifies, by signing and submitting this bid or proposal, to the best of his or her knowledge <br /> and belief, that: <br /> 27 <br />