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TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />Foreword 4 <br />Introduction 5 <br />What Is the Pay Gap? 7 <br />Where Do the Data Come From? 7 <br />State -Level Data 7 <br />How Does the Pay Gap Affect Women of Different Demographics? 9 <br />Race/Ethnicity 9 <br />Age 10 <br />Disability 10 <br />Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity 11 <br />How Does Education Affect the Pay Gap? 12 <br />What Causes the Pay Gap? 14 <br />Occupational Segregation 14 <br />The Motherhood Penalty 16 <br />Direct Gender and Race Discrimination and Bias 17 <br />Conclusion 18 <br />Recommendations 19 <br />Individuals 19 <br />Employers 19 <br />Conducting Pay Audits 20 <br />Prohibiting Retaliation for Wage Disclosure 20 <br />Banning the Use of Prior Salary History 21 <br />Government 22 <br />Federal 22 <br />State 24 <br />What Should I Do If I Experience Pay Discrimination at Work? 25 <br />Take Action with AAUW 26 <br />Bibliography 27 <br />AAUW • www.aauw.org THE SIMPLE TRUTH ABOUT THE GENDER PAY GAP 1 Fall 2018 Edition <br />