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HDD "Fact Sheet" <br />Drilling Fluid <br />• HDD uses water-based drilling fluids <br />• Typically contains bentonite and other additives <br />• Usually possible to use all NSF -approved materials <br />• Non-toxic but turbidity can be harmful to some species <br />Bentonite <br />• Also known as Wyoming Bentonite or Sodium Bentonite <br />• Naturally -occurring fine clay material formed by the decomposition of volcanic ash <br />•, Used for drilling mud, cat litter, cosmetics and other uses <br />Unique due to high absorption and swelling properties <br />• NSF -60 Certification <br />• Product meet the regulatory requirement of US EPA and FL DEP for drinking water <br />• Certification process included toxicity testing and evaluation <br />Common Additives <br />• <br />• <br />Needed to enhance specific properties of fluid — viscosity, lubricity, gel strength, filtration, etc. <br />PAC — polyanionic cellulose polymer <br />Filtration control <br />Derived from plant material <br />Also used in foods, pharmaceutical, leather, ceramic and other industries <br />Used in water treatment plants <br />Usually NSF approved and non-toxic <br />