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blooms. Seagrass require Tight for survival and growth. As of 2017, northern portions of the County have <br />approximately 1,239 acres, middle portions have approximately 669 acres, and southern portions have <br />approximately 1,074 acres of seagrass. These acreages are higher than the majority of reported acreages <br />for the rest of the Northern Indian River Lagoon. It will be important to note in future research the <br />location and extent of seagrass beds in comparison with areas and amounts of nutrient fluxes. It will also <br />be important in the future to note how harmful algal blooms have correlated to seagrass coverage within <br />the County. While seagrass is mapped well within the County, we do not fully understand the species <br />variation genetics of the individual seagrass beds; if monoculture beds are emerging, or if we have a <br />genetic variety of types of seagrasses present. The Lagoon may also benefit in studying areas that had <br />historical seagrass beds, but do not currently, and possibly looking into utilizing these areas for seagrass <br />planting projects. In order for these projects to be successful, water quality, sediment quality, and shelter <br />from strong currents must be sufficient for fragile new growth to survive in these areas where robust <br />natural growth has died off. <br />Filter feeders, such as oysters and clams, play an important role in water column filtration <br />throughout the Lagoon. Adult oysters in our portion of the Lagoon are able to filter between 10 to 20 <br />gallons of water every day. Oysters filter sediments, detritus, small phytoplankton, and particulate -bound <br />nitrogen and phosphorus from estuarine waters. Changing conditions in the Lagoon are impacting filter <br />feeders through poor water quality, poor sediment quality, harmful algal blooms, changes in food types <br />and availability, changes in predator populations, salinity changes, overexploitation, and ocean <br />acidification. The relationship between filter feeders and all these variables is complex and influence <br />species differently at their various life stages. Filter feeders have direct impacts on improving water <br />quality through their filtration abilities. Not only do they filter water, they also act as breakwaters and <br />dissipaters of wave energy along shorelines. This can help decrease shoreline erosion. They act as an <br />important component of living shoreline projects, with the County currently having a stockpile of loose <br />oyster shells ready to be used for restoration projects in the Lagoon. Oyster beds and bars also serve as <br />habitats for numerous organisms. <br />There are currently two areas in the County that allow, or once did allow, for shellfish harvesting, <br />per FDACS. Shellfish harvesting area #70 occurs in southern County starting from Prang Island to Round <br />Island. Clams are present in this area and it has had a restricted classification sinceJune 18, 1997. Shellfish <br />harvesting area #72 occurs in northern County starting at Coconut Point to Paul's Island. Clams are <br />present in this area and it has had a conditional approved status since September 5, 2019. However, this <br />area is closed when two-day cumulative rainfall measured by NOAA exceeds 2.54 inches. When <br />populations were abundant in the Lagoon, having shellfish present in the Lagoon benefited the local <br />economy through harvesting. <br />Currently, the County has oyster populations near the North Relief Canal and Spoil Island IR -43 in <br />the Lagoon, and populations in the mouth of the Saint Sebastian River, a tributary to the Lagoon. Oyster <br />growth also occurs in abundance on mangrove roots or along seawalls in the central and southern parts <br />of the Lagoon. However, these oysters are not usually included in traditional mapping reports because <br />these efforts rely on aerial photography. Mapping of oysters living on mangroves has to be done on-site, <br />which requires more effort and time than aerial mapping. In the shoreline mapping recommendation <br />96 <br />