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generally ranges from about 4 cubic yards per ton for chipped <br />or compacted tree debris to about 10 cubic yards per ton for <br />bulkier, un -compacted debris. <br />Risk Assessment. All communities within Indian River County <br />are highly vulnerable to hurricanes, but they are not all <br />vulnerable for the same reasons. The barrier island <br />communities (Town of Orchid, Indian River Shores, and the <br />beach side of the City of Vero Beach) are obviously highly <br />vulnerable to both wind and storm surge damage from <br />hurricanes. The communities fronting on Indian River County's <br />estuaries and rivers are also highly vulnerable to flooding <br />associated with hurricane winds and storm surge. Inland <br />communities may have less hurricane vulnerability from <br />flooding but more hurricane vulnerability from wind damage <br />due to their older or less substantial type of construction. <br />C. Tornado — Hazard Identification <br />A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting, <br />funnel -shaped cloud extending to the ground. It is generated <br />by a thunderstorm or hurricane when cool air overrides a layer <br />of warm air, forcing the warm air to rise rapidly. The most <br />common type of tornado, the relatively weak and short-lived <br />type, occurs in the warm season, with June being the peak <br />month. The strongest, most deadly tornadoes occur in the <br />cool season, from December through April (FDCA, 2004b). <br />Occasional windstorms accompanied by tornadoes, such as <br />the winter storm of 1993, also are widespread and destructive. <br />When a tornado threatens, only a short amount of time is <br />available for life -or -death decisions. The NWS issues two <br />types of alerts: <br />• Tornado Watch — means that conditions are favorable for <br />tornadoes to develop. <br />• Tornado Warning — means that a tornado has actually <br />been sighted. <br />Tornadoes are classified using the Enhanced Fujita-Pearson <br />scale. On February 1, 2007, the Enhanced Fujita Scale <br />replaced the original Fujita scale in all tornado damage surveys <br />in the United States. <br />Historic Events. Florida ranks third in the United States in <br />Indian River County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Page 29 <br />