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• <br />B. Wherever obstructions not indicated on the Drawings are encountered <br />during the progress of the work and interfere to such an extent that an <br />alteration in the Drawings is required, the Engineer will order a deviation <br />from the line and grade or arrange with the owners of the structures <br />for the removal, relocation, or reconstruction of the obstructions. <br />C. The maximum permissible deflection for pipe and fittings shall be <br />as recommended by the manufacturer. <br />D. Installation of drainage pipe less than 18" diameter in runs of loo feet <br />or greater, or as required by the Engineer, shall be controlled by use of a <br />laser to maintain proper grade. The Contractor shall also be responsible for <br />verifying elevations of the pipe, as indicated on the Drawings, at sufficient <br />points during progress of the work to identify discrepancies between <br />actual and plan elevations due to laser misalignment, equipment error, <br />etc.* and to correct the work as required to conform to the Drawings. <br />S. PIPE TRENCH EXCAVATION <br />A. TRENCH DM EN3IM <br />1) The minimum width of the trench shall be equal to the outside <br />diameter of the pipe at the joint plus 8 inches for unsheeted <br />trenches, or 12 inches for sheeted trench, and the maximum <br />width of trench, measured at the top of the pipe, shall not <br />exceed the nominal pipe diameter plus two feet, unless otherwise <br />shown on the Drawing details or approved by the Engineer. <br />Trench walls shall be vertical from the bottom of the trench to a <br />lane measured one foot above the top of the pipe. From one foot <br />above the top of the pipe to the surface, the trench walls shall <br />be as nearly vertical as soil conditions will permit, unless <br />otherwise detailed on the Drawings. Spaces for joints, fittings, <br />manholes and other structures shall be maintained unless <br />otherwise approved by the Engineer, or alternate methods are <br />detailed on the Drawings. Should the specified maximum width of <br />trench be exceeded, the pipe shall be adequately reinforced as <br />directed by the Engineer, at the Contractor's expense. <br />2) Trench grade for pipe or structures not requiring special <br />bedding material shall be defined as the grade of the bottom <br />surface of the utility or structure to be constructed or placed within <br />the trench. Such shaping of the trench bottom, as may be required <br />to provide suitable bedding, shall be considered to be a part of this <br />work. Trench grade in non -cushioning material shall be defined as <br />6 inches below the outside of the bottom of the utility, which 6 <br />inches shall be backfilled with suitable bedding material. <br />Unauthorized excavation below trench grade shall be backfilled <br />to trench grade and suitably compacted by the Contractor without <br />additional cost to the Owner. Final trimming and grading of trench <br />bottom shall be done manually. <br />6. BACKFILL AND BEDDING MATERIALS <br />A. Type l - Type 1 material shall be either well -graded crushed stone or <br />crushed gravel meeting the requirements of ASTM Designation C.i3.7la, <br />Gradation 67 (314 inch to No. 4 Sieve) or air cooled blast furnace <br />slag along or in combination with crushed stone and/or crushed gravel <br />ZQ•2 <br />lu <br />