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3. Results <br />3.4 BENCHMARKING <br />As part of the Study, Stantec performed a regional comparison to identify the range of water and sewer <br />capital charges like IRCDUS' impact fees for a single-family residential customer (i.e., one ERU) in <br />surrounding or similar sized jurisdictions. The published water and sewer impact fees for each of the <br />regional providers are presented as were made readily publicly available and as of research conducted in <br />April 2024 and are subject to change. There are a variety of factors which may lead to differences between <br />adopted impact fees between utility systems. Stantec did not conduct an in-depth analysis to identify the <br />methods used in the development of the water and sewer capital charges imposed by the other utilities, nor <br />has any analysis been performed to determine whether all the cost of new facilities is recovered from such <br />fees (or if some percentages of the costs are recovered through user rates). Additionally, no analysis was <br />conducted as to the types of capital facilities currently in service or planned for the utilities surveyed which <br />could have material differences. As such, these types of comparisons often reflect wide variations between <br />communities. <br />Some reasons why capital charges like impact fees may differ among utilities include the following: <br />■ Source of supply <br />■ Type and complexity of treatment process <br />■ Effluent disposal method <br />• Density of service area <br />• Availability of grant funding to finance infrastructure <br />■ Age of system <br />• Utility life cycle (i.e., growth -oriented vs. mature) <br />■ Level of service standards <br />• Administrative policies <br />0 121 <br />