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' SECTION 02610 <br /> ' RESTRAINED JOINTS, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING <br /> 1 . 01 RESTRAINED JOINTS <br /> A . Restrained joints shall be used on lines larger than 6-inch diameter. <br /> Sections of piping having restrained joints or those requiring restrained <br /> ' joints shall be constructed using pipe and fittings with restrained " Locked - <br /> type" joints , and the joints shall be capable of holding against withdrawal <br /> for line pressures up to 150 pounds per square inch (psi ) . The pipe <br /> fittings shall be as shown for restrained push -on joints or restrained <br /> ' mechanical oints on Page 416 in Section VI , in the Handbook of Cast <br /> Iron Pipe , 4` Edition . In all cases , restrained joints must be used per <br /> Section C below, with thrust blocks , per contract drawings . <br /> ' B . Restrained pipe joints that achieve restraint by incorporating incor oratin cutout <br /> sections installed in the bell of the pipe shall have a minimum wall <br /> thickness at the point of cutout that corresponds with the minimum <br /> specified wall thickness for the rest of the pipe . <br /> C . The minimum number of restrained joints required for resisting forces at <br /> fittings and changes in direction of pipe shall be determined from the <br /> length of restrained pipe on each side of fittings and changes in direction <br /> ' necessary to develop adequate resisting friction with the soil . Table M- <br /> 5B is provided for the Contractor as a guideline . <br /> ' L = 1 . 5PA ( 1 -COS X ) <br /> fW <br /> ' Where : L = length of pipe on each side of fittings or change in direction <br /> P = 150 psi , unless otherwise noted <br /> A = cross-sectional area In square inches based on outside diameter <br /> - (O . D . ) of pipe <br /> X = Angle of bend or change in direction in degrees <br /> f - Coefficient of friction = 1 . 4 (maximum ) <br /> W = W (earth ) + W ( pipe ) + W (water in pipe ) W (earth ) <br /> ' = (density of soil *) (depth of cover in feet) (O . D . in feet) <br /> * maximum 120 lbs/cubic ft above maximum water table elevation <br /> and 60 lbs/cubic ft below maximum water table elevation . <br /> D . Bolts and nuts for restrained joints shall be hot dipped galvanized , low <br /> ' alloy, high strength steel . <br /> E . The Contractor shall also provide restrained joints in accordance with the <br /> above criteria wherever below ground fittings on lines 12 inches in <br /> diameter or less . <br /> ' 02610- 1 <br /> F:\Utilities\UTILITY - ENGINEERING\WTP - North RO\N RO Brine Line Discharge - UCP#2208\BID DOCUMENTS North <br /> ' County RO\BID DOCUMENTS\02610 Restrained Joints , Excavation , and Backfilling .doc <br />