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A. M. ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC. <br /> KEY TO SOIL CLASSIFICATION { <br /> L CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL CONSTITUENTS BY PARTICLE SIZE * <br /> Cate o Particle Diameter <br /> Silt and Clay Less than 0. 0029 inch (0.074 mm) [not visible to human <br /> e <br /> Sand Fine - 0.0029 inch to 0.017 inch (0.074 mm to 0-42 mm) <br /> Medium — 0.017 inch to 0 .079 inch (0.42 to 2 . 0 mm) <br /> Coarse — 0 . 079 inch to 0 . 19 inch 2.0 to 4 .75 nun <br /> Gravel Fine — 0 . 19 inch to 0.75 inch <br /> Coarse — 0. 75 inch to 3 inches <br /> Cobbles 3 to 12 inches <br /> Boulders Greater than 12 inches <br /> * Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D 2487-93) <br /> II . AMOUNT OF MINOR CONSTITUENTS IN SOIL <br /> Content of Minor SOIL Constituents Modifier Content of ORGANIC Components* <br /> (Shell, Silt, etc. ) * <br /> 2% to 5°/n Trace 1 % to 2% <br /> 5% to 12% Little 2% to 4 % <br /> 12% to 30% Some <br /> 4% to 8% <br /> 30% to 50% And Greater than 80A <br /> * Approximations based on visual examination of samples and results of laboratory analyses , <br /> if available. <br /> III . CORRELATION OF RELATIVE DENSITY AND CONSISTENCY <br /> WITH STANDARD PENETRATION RESISTANCE, N , <br /> AND CONE PENETROMETER RESISTANCE, 9 <br /> all <br /> DS with little or no GRAVEL SILTS and CLAYS <br /> CPT Cone <br /> ot Relative HCP Blows / foot Consistency Resistance <br /> Density Resistance * N C (tsf) <br /> Ve loose 0 - 20 0 - 2 Ve soft 0 - 3 <br /> 5 - 10Loose 21 - 35 3 - 4 Soft 4 - 6 <br /> 11 - 20 Firm 35 - 70+ 5 _ g Firm <br /> 21 - 30 Medium dense NA 9 — 15 Stiff 13 — 25 <br /> Dense NA 16 - 30 Ve stiff 25 - 50 <br /> 0 Ve dense NA Over 30 Hard Over 50 <br /> Penetrometer (HCP) readings are empirically . <br /> correlated and depend on Soil type. <br />