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3 . Materials which can be excavated with a backhoe , trenching machine , <br /> dragline , clamshell , bulldozer, highlift , or similar excavating equipment <br /> ' without the use of explosives , rock rippers , rock hammers or jack <br /> hammers . <br /> ' C . Rock - A natural aggregate of mineral particles connected by strong and <br /> permanent cohesive forces . Rock includes : <br /> 1 . Limestone , sandstone , dolomite , granite , marble and lava ; <br /> 2 . Boulders 1 /3 cubic yard in volume , gravel , sand , silt and clay; <br /> 3 . Materials which cannot be excavated with equipment which is used to <br /> remove earth overburden without the use of explosives , rock rippers , <br /> rock hammers or jack hammers ; <br /> 4 . Materials which cannot be excavated with a backhoe , trenching <br /> machine , dragline , clamshell , bulldozer, highlift or similar excavating <br /> ' equipment without the use of explosives , rock rippers , rock hammers or <br /> jackhammers . <br /> ' D . Undercutting - An example of undercutting is the excavation of rock and <br /> unsuitable earth below the bottom of the pipe or conduit to be installed in <br /> the trench . <br /> ' E . Bedding - An example of bedding is material placed in a trench to support <br /> pipe or conduit. <br /> F . Backfill - Earth placed and compacted in a trench or other excavation ( 9e . . <br /> from the top of bedding to finish grade , or to the subbase of pavement) . <br /> ' G . Fill/Embankment - Soilslaced and compacted above existing round <br /> P P 9g <br /> surface . <br /> ' H . Topsoil - Earth containing sufficient organic materials to support the growth <br /> of grass . <br /> 1 . 4 QUALITY ASSURANCE <br /> ' A . Tests : <br /> 1 . The OWNER will employ an independent testing laboratory. Payment <br /> ' for testing services shall be as specified in Section 01410 , Testing <br /> Laboratory Services , <br /> 2 . Order and schedule all testing and notify ENGINEER at least two <br /> ' business days prior to performance of any test . <br /> 3 . Do not proceed with construction on work requiring testing until all tests <br /> for that work have proved satisfactory. <br /> Last revised 9/ 10/02 02220-2 EAST GIFFORD <br /> R\Public Works\KeithM\Storm%eter Projects\Gifford East\Construction Contract\Technical Specifications\Fnal Specifications\Division <br /> 2\02220 - Excavation and Backill.doc <br />