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Indian River Co my
Unified Local Mitigation Stra egy
February 2005
Prepared by :
Continental Shelf Associates , Inc .
759 Parkway Street
Jupiter , Florida 33477
Telephone : ( 561 ) 746-7946
Prepared for :
Indian River County
Department of Emergency Services
1840 25th Street
Vero Beach , Florida 32960 -
Telephone : ( 561 ) 567 - 8000
Indian River County
City of Fellsmere
Town of Indian River Shores
Town of Orchid
City of Sebastian
;,111111r City of Vero Beach
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES - 1
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
1 . 0 PURPOSE AND OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 1 - 1
1 . 1 PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 1
1 . 2 PLANNING PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1 -3
1 . 3 - LMS WORKING GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1 -5
1 . 3 . 1 Working Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1 -6
1 . 3. 1 . 1 Role of Working Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
-6
1 . 3. 1 . 2 Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 1 -6
1 . 3. 1 . 3 Working Group Responsibilities 1111 . . . . . . 1 -7
1 . 3. 1 . 4 Voting . . . . . . . . . 1 -7
1 . 3. 1 . 5 Participation Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -8
1 . 3 . 2 Subcommittees . . . . . . 1 1 . 1 1 . 0 . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 1 -8
1 . 3 . 3 Community Stakeholder Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
-8
1 . 3. 3. 1 Role of Community Stakeholder Groups 1111 1 -8
1 . 3. 3. 2 Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 1 -8
1 . 3. 3. 3 Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 1 -8
'`•� 1 . 3 . 4 Citizen Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1 -9
1 . 3. 4. 1 Role of the Citizen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 1 -9
1 . 3. 4. 2 Participation Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -9
1 . 3 . 5 New Jurisdictions/Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 1 -9
1 . 3 . 6 Documentation 1 -9
2 . 0 COMMUNITY PROFILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 1
2 . 1 GEOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 1
2 . 2 POPULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2 . 3 INFRASTRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 1 1 1 1111 . d . . . . . . 2 -4
2 . 3 . 1 Public Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 2 -4
2 . 3 . 2 Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2 . 3 . 3 Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2 . 4 PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT , 2-5
2 . 5 ECONOMIC RESOURCES , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 2-9
2 . 6 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 2- 10
2 . 7 HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 2 - 11
2 . 8 CRITICAL FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . 2- 11
3 . 0 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 1
3 . 1 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 3- 1
3 . 1 . 1 FEMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 . 1 1 . 3- 1
3. 1 . 1 . 1 PDM Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 3 - 1
3. 1 . 1 . 2 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 1
,%W 3. 1 . 1 . 3 Community Rating System (CRS) . . . . . . . . . 3 -2
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
`%w ( Continued )
Page
3. 1 . 1 . 4 Map Modernization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-2
3. 1 . 1 . 5 Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program 1111 . . . . . 3-2
3. 1 . 1 . 6 National Hurricane Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3. 1 . 1 . 7 Other Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 3-2
3 . 1 . 2 United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) . . . . . . . . . . 3 -3
3 . 1 . 3 United States Forest Service ( USFS ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3 . 1 . 4 United States Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-3
3 . 1 . 5 United States Department of Commerce ( DOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3- 3
3 . 1 . 6 National Weather Service ( NWS ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3- 3
3 . 1 . 7 United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 3-4
3 . 1 . 8 Unites States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 -4
3 . 1 . 9 United States Fire Administration ( USFA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 3-4
3 . 1 . 10 National Response Team ( NRT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3-4
3 . 1 . 11 United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
( HUD ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 . 111 , 3-4
3 . 1 . 12 United States Department of the Interior ( USDOI ) 11 . . . . . . 11 . . . 3-
5
3 . 1 . 13 United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3- 5
3 . 1 . 14 United States Department of Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 3-5
3 . 2 NON - GOVERNMENT , I I I I I I I I I I I I . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 . . 3-5
err 3 . 2 . 1 Firewise Communities USA 0 . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 3-5
3 . 2 . 2 Institute for Business and Home Safety ( IBHS ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3-5
3 . 2 . 3 ARC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 5
3 . 2 . 4 National Fire Protection Association ( NFPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 3-6
3 . 2 . 5 Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3 . 3 STATE GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 3-6
3 . 3 . 1 FDCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3 . 3 . 2 Florida Division of Forestry ( FDOF ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-6
3 . 3 . 3 FDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 7
3 . 3 . 4 Florida Fish and Game Conservation Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3 . 3 . 5 Florida Inland Navigation District ( FIND ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 3-7
3 . 3 . 6 Florida Department of Transportation ( FDOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-7
3 . 3 . 7 Building Officials Association of Florida ( BOAF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3-7
3 . 3 . 8 Florida Department of Insurance ( FDOI ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 3- 7
3 . 3 . 9 Agency for Health Care Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 3- 7
3 . 3 . 10 Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation
( FDBPR) . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . I . . . . . . . I I 1111 . . 3- 8
3 . 3 . 11 Florida Department of Corrections ( FDOC ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 3- 8
3 . 3 . 12 Florida Department of Education ( FDOE ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 3- 8
3 . 3 . 13 Florida Department of Management Services ( FDOMS ) . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3 . 3 . 14 Florida Department of State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 3 -8
3 . 4 REGIONAL GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 3 -8
3 . 4 . 1 TCRPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 8
3 . 4 . 2 St . Johns River Water Management District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 3- 9
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
( Continued )
Page
3 . 5 COUNTY GOVERNMENT 3- 10
3 . 5 . 1 Listing of Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 3 - 10
3 . 5 . 2 County Mitigation Policies and Ordinances . . . . . . . . . . 3- 11
3 . 5 . 3 County Mitigation Projects/ Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
- 15
3 . 6 MUNICIPALITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 17
3 . 6 . 1 Listing of Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1 0 1 1 . 3- 18
3 . 6 . 2 Municipal Mitigation Policies and Ordinances . . . 1111 . . 3- 19
3 . 6 . 3 Municipal Mitigation Projects/ Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
3 . 7 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3-23
3 . 7 . 1 ARC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
3 . 8 INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1
. 3-24
3 . 8 . 1 Metropolitan Planning Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
3 . 8 . 2 Local Government Comprehensive Plans . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
3 . 8 . 3 Indian River County Comprehensive Emergency Plan . . 3 -25
3 . 8 . 4 District X Local Emergency Planning Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
3 . 8 . 5 State Emergency Management Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
3 . 9 STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT . . . 3-26
3 . 10 PRIVATE SECTOR BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
`fir 4 . 0 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION , VULNERABILITY, AND RISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4- 1
4 . 1 NATURAL HAZARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4 . 1 . 1 Flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -6
4. 1 . 1 . 1 Hazard Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-6
4. 1 . 1 . 2 Vulnerability Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
4. 1 . 1 . 3 Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 4- 17
4 . 1 . 2 Hurricanes/Tropical Storms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 0 1 1 1 . 4-20
4. 1 . 2. 1 Hazard Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
. 0 1 1 4-20
4. 1 . 2. 2 Vulnerability Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
4. 1 . 2. 3 Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4-26
4 . 1 . 3 Tornadoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
4. 1 . 3. 1 Hazard Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
4. 1 . 3. 2 Vulnerability Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31
4. 1 . 3. 3 Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4-31
4 . 1 . 4 Severe Thunderstorms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 4-32
4. 1 . 4. 1 Hazard Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32
4. 1 . 4. 2 Vulnerability Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1
0 1 1 . 4-33
4. 1 . 4. 3 Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4-33
4 . 1 . 5 Lightning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 34
4. 1 . 5. 1 Hazard Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
4. 1 . 5. 2 Vulnerability Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
4. 1 . 5. 3 Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4-35
4 . 1 . 6 Wildland/ Urban Interface Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 4-35
4. 1 . 6. 1 Hazard Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35
4. 1 . 6. 2 Vulnerability Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 38
4. 1 . 6. 3 Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4-39
iv
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MONO
..r LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2 . 1 Population growth in Indian River County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 2-3
2 . 2 Land use changes , Indian River County , 1943 — 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 2-5
2 . 3 Community characteristics within Indian River County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 2-8
2 . 4 Building permit data , Indian River County , 1980 — 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 2 -9
2 . 5 Industry classifications within Indian River County for 2000 1111 . 2- 10
2 . 6 Business incentives , Indian River County , 2003 1 1 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . 2- 10
3 . 1 Comprehensive Growth Management Plan hazard mitigation inventory 1111 3- 13
3 . 2 Summary of projects and programs for Indian River County . . . . . . 1111 . 3 - 16
3 . 3 Emergency Support Functions ( ESFs ) and their designations 1111 3-25
4 . 1 Identification and projected impact potential for Indian River County
hazards . 1111 4-3
4 . 2 Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Zones . . . . . . . . 4- 10
4 . 3 National Flood Insurance Program repetitive flood loss properties b
jurisdiction , Indian River County , 2003 1111 . . 4- 15
4 . 4 Flooding exposure in FEMA-identified flood zones , Indian River County ,
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 18
4 . 5 Flooding exposure by storm event , Indian River County , 2003 . . . 4- 18
4 . 6 Hurricane flood exposure , Indian River County , 2003 . . . . . . . . . . 4- 19
4 . 7 Flooding exposure , Indian River County , 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-
19
4 . 8 Mitigation savings by structure type , Indian River County , 2004 . . 4- 19
4 . 9 Indian River County debris accumulated in cubic yards per acre ba ed
on The Arbiter of Storms (TAOS ) model projections ( 1999 ) 1111 . 4-24
4 . 10 Wind damage exposure , Indian River County , 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26
4 . 11 Hurricane wind damage exposure , Indian River County, 2003 . . . . . . . . 4-27
''V 4 . 12 Wind exposure , Indian River County , 2004 . . . . . . . . . . 1111 . . . 4-27
viii
LIST OF TABLES
"�► ( Continued )
Table Page
4 . 13 Wind mitigation savings , Indian River County , 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 4-28
4 . 14 Wind - related exposure and mitigation , Indian River County , 2004 . . . . . . . . 4-28
4 . 15 Flood - related exposure and mitigation , Indian River County , 2004 . 4-28
4 . 16 Fujita- Pearson Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
4 . 17 Tornado wind speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
4 . 18 Tornado incidents , Indian River County , 1953 — 2003 , . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 4-30
4 . 19 Tornado exposure , Indian River County , 2003 1 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 4-31
4 . 20 Wildland fires by type , Indian River County , 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 4-37
4 . 21 Average annual loss due to wildland fire , Indian River County , 2004 . . . . . . 4-41
4 . 22 Indian River County hazard vulnerability by incorporated jurisdiction and
. ► population centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67
4 . 23 Risk assessment and hazard evaluation for Indian River County . . 4-69
5 . 1 Mitigation options by category and hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 5-6
6 . 1 Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy Project Prioritization List 1111 . 6-6
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 . 1 Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 1 1 -4
2 . 1 Population growth , Indian River County , 1960 — 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 2 -2
2 . 2 Projected population , Indian River County , 2010 — 2030 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . .
. 1 2-2
2 . 3 Commercial development trends , Indian River County, 1993 — 200 . . . 2-7
4 . 1 Risk triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I 1 1 1 1 4 - 5
4 . 2 Flood prone areas of Indian River County based on the National Flood
Insurance Program ( NFIP ) Flood Insurance Rate Maps ( 1999 ) 1 1 1 . . 1 . . . 4- 11
4 . 3 Areas of Indian River County vulnerable to Category 1 , 3 , and 5 storm
surge based on Sea , Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes
( SLOSH ) model projections ( 1999 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 4- 12
4 . 4 Category 5 storm surge for Indian River County based on the Arbiter of
Storms modeling ( 1999 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 4- 14
4 . 5 Category 5 wind speeds for Indian River County based on The Arbiter
of Storms modeling ( 1999 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 1111 4-25
4 . 6 Number of Florida wildland fires , 1981 — 2002 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 4-37
4 . 7 Florida wildland fire acres burned , 1981 — 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 4-38
4 . 8 Countywide wildland fire risk ( 1999 ) , 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 11 0 0 1 4-40
6 . 1 Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) organizational chart . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -2
6 . 2 Review and revision procedures for updating the single , countywide
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) 6 - 38
6 . 3 Indian River County Conflict Resolution Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -44
r.►
x
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
OVERVIEW
In 1992 , Hurricane Andrew left South Florida devastated . In its wake , it left the
area struggling to recover from $ 27 billion in damages . In 1997 , wildland fire burned
Flagler County. During the spring of that same year, tornadoes ripped throug i Osceola and
Volusia counties , leaving not only destroyed homes , but also fatalities in their path . In 1998 ,
nearly 50 homes were consumed by wildland fire in Port St . Lucie . All these events could
have occurred in Indian River County ; fortunately, none did . Natural hazards are not the
only type of hazards that create disaster situations . Disaster management changed forever
following the events of September 11th in New York City and Washington D . 0 Mitigating
and responding to technological hazards have come to the forefront of emergency
management. Throughout the state , technological disasters occur daily - truc rollovers ,
communication failures , toxic spills , and wellfield contamination . These type of events as
well as other historic disasters led the Florida Department of Community Affai s to create the
Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) Program . The goal of the program was to encourage public
and private sector entities to take actions that permanently reduce or eliminate the long -term
risk to people and property from the different types of hazards faced by Florida residents .
Both public and private sectors win by developing an LMS . It leads to
• reducing future vulnerability to disasters ;
• reducing the time (and cost) of recovery from such events when they do
**W happen ;
• minimizing disruption to the local economy;
• facilitating recovery and the receipt of post-disaster funding ; an
• educating and informing the public about hazards and steps they can take to
mitigate the effects .
INITIATING ACTION
In 1998 , Indian River County , along with all the municipalities , the local business
community , and non-profit organizations such as the American Red Cross , joined together
to develop a countywide LMS . During that time , the Indian River County LMS Working
Group , the policy body for this program , has had the responsibility for developing the LMS .
This group focused on achieving two key results :
• the creation of a long -term LMS planning process ; and
• the development of the LMS document itself along with a list of prioritized
mitigation projects .
In the year 2000 , the Federal Emergency Management Agency' s ( EMA' s )
recognition of the growing costs of responding to and recovering from disasters materialized
in the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 ( DMA2K) . DMA2K created a new Pre- Disaster
Mitigation ( PDM ) Program aimed at reducing the cost of disasters as well as ri 3k through
comprehensive planning before disasters occur. DMA2K requires that all com unities ,
tribes , and states have a FEMA-approved hazard mitigation plan consistent wi h the DMA2K
requirements in place to retain eligibility for PC .kM project funds and post-disast 1. r Hazard
ES- 1
Mitigation Grant Program funds . This plan was developed following the guidel nes of the
DMA2K .
THE PROCESS
The process by which the LMS was completed involved
• describing current community conditions ;
• identifying the potential hazards ;
• assessing each community's vulnerabilities to those specific hazards ;
• proposing initiatives to reduce these vulnerabilities ;
• developing evaluation criteria to rank mitigation projects regardless of
jurisdiction ; and
• establishing procedures that will be needed if the LMS Program is to retain
long -term viability.
All of these aspects are integrated into this unified LMS document, which has
been provided to Indian River County Department of Emergency Services ,
FINDINGS
Some of the key findings pertinent to Indian River County include the following :
• Flooding and hurricanes occur the most frequently , place themost people at
risk , and produce the greatest amount of damage of all the natural hazards
v,,,W faced by the County.
• While wildland fires do not occur with the frequency of flooding and
hurricanes , major drought periods over the past several years have made the
County extremely vulnerable to wildland fires . Exposure to the impacts of
wildland fire continues to increase as new development pushes further west
into wildland areas .
• Agriculture is an important component of the local economy ; therefore ,
drought and agricultural pests and disease are as important tot the agriculture
community as beach erosion and flooding are to the coastal communities ,
• While a major focus of mitigation is on retrofitting , the most effective time to
mitigate is before development orders are approved . Adding hazard
mitigation requirements may add to the cost of development , bu this cost is
relatively small . Following a disaster, the cost of recovery and redevelopment
can be enormous . Recovery cost tends to become public cost that local
governments must assume .
• While all jurisdictions in Indian River County are in the National Flood
Insurance Program , not all eligible local governments have participated in the
Community Rating System ( CRS ) Program or the Flood Mitigation Assistance
( FMA) Program , to the maximum extent possible . Having a strong CRS
Program reduces the cost of flood insurance premiums to Indian River
County residents , and the FMA Program is a major source of fut ding to
assist in retrofitting flooding problems .
• Properties on the barrier island are susceptible to both flooding and
wind - related storm damage . There are a number of important public facilities
ES-2
in those areas . By hardening these facilities , the chance of them being
%W impacted by storm events can be significantly reduced .
• As the amount of trucking on Interstate 95 increases in the future , the
probability of truck rollovers and spilling of toxic contaminants ill continue to
increase , and hazard management teams need to plan now for this
eventuality .
• The Florida East Coast Railroad passes through several areas of coastal
urban population and development , putting an ever increasing number of
people at risk from train derailment and potentially significant toxic materials
spills .
PROJECT PRIORITIZATION LIST ( PPL)
Indian River County government , as well as the individual cities , have already
implemented numerous mitigation projects such as
installing storm shutters on public buildings ;
retrofitting stormwater drainage systems ;
• raising finished floor elevation to 18 inches above base elevation ;
• distributing informative publications on hurricanes to local residents ; and
• installing emergency generators at key critical facilities .
The objective of developing a unified , countywide PPL for mitigatio projects is to
allow the Indian River County City and County governments to better focus their mitigation
efforts and dollars . The existence of this list will speed local receipt of Federa disaster
%W mitigation funds after a disaster, and will place Indian River County in a more competitive
position when competing for other, non-disaster-related mitigation grant funds
To develop the PPL , each local government was invited to submit a list of
mitigation projects for inclusion in the unified , countywide list . A project prioritization
methodology was developed by the Working Group as a means of scoring each project and
developing a ranked list of projects . The Indian River County LMS Working Giroup last
updated the PPL in September 2003 .
Developing this PPL is not a one-time process . To be effective this list must be
dynamic . It will need to be revised as old projects are accomplished and new hazards or
increased vulnerabilities are identified . The PPL process will be implemented on an ongoing
basis .
UPDATING PROCESS
Like all local comprehensive planning efforts , the LMS itself will need to be
reviewed and updated from time to time to ensure that it adequately addresseC the various
types of hazards currently facing the community. An LMS updating process was prepared
and adopted by the Working Group . The Indian River County LMS will be updated every
5 years .
ES-3
1 . 0 PURPOSE AND OVERVIEW
1 . 1 PURPOSE
According to Mileti ( 1999 ) , 7 of the 10 most costly disasters in histoiy , based on
dollar losses , occurred between 1989 and 1994 : Hurricane Andrew ( 1992 ) , Oa < land wildfire
( 1991 ) , a winter storm ( 1993) , Hurricane Iniki ( 1992 ) , Loma Prieta earthquake 1989 ) ,
Midwest floods ( 1993 ) , and Northridge earthquake ( 1994 ) ( Miletti , 1999 ) . In the year 2000 ,
the Federal Emergency Management Agency' s ( FEMA' s ) recognition of the gr wing costs of
responding to and recovering from disasters materialized in the Disaster Mitigation Act of
2000 ( DMA2K) . DMA2K created a new Pre- Disaster Mitigation ( PDM ) program aimed at
reducing the cost of disasters as well as risk through comprehensive planning :)efore
disasters occur . DMA2K requires that all communities , tribes , and states have a
FEMA-approved hazard mitigation plan consistent with the DMA2K requirements in place to
retain eligibility for PDM project funds and post-disaster Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
funds .
Florida is one of the most hazard prone states in the nation . The state is
susceptible to a number of hazards including flooding , hurricanes , tornadoes , severe
thunderstorms , and wildland fires , to name a few. In Florida , the goals of the rew PDM
program are being achieved through the Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) process . LMS is a
pre-disaster mitigation planning initiative of the Florida Department of Community Affairs
( FDCA) Division of Emergency Management, and is intended to reduce the disrupting
effects of natural disasters on the economic and social fabric of the community . Pre-disaster
mitigation is defined as "sustained action that reduces or eliminates long -term risk to people
and property from hazards and their effects" as part of the FEMA' s National Mitigation
Strategy ( FEMA, 1996 ) .
This definition generally distinguishes between actions that have a ong -term
impact from those that are more closely associated with preparedness for, immediate
response to , and short-term recovery from a specific hazard event . The intent of the LMS is
to focus on practices that have cumulative benefits over time and ensure that fewer of the
State 's citizens and communities are victims of disasters . One of the most important
elements is the idea that the resulting mitigation practices are instituted prior to the disaster
occurring .
Mitigation practices can be applied to strengthen homes so that people and their
belongings are better protected from hurricanes , tropical storms , and inland fIc ods .
Pre-disaster mitigation planning can be used to identify and protect at- risk criti al facilities ,
such as hospitals and fire stations , so they can remain operational or reopen c uicker after a
hazard event . Mitigation planning allows communities to consider the vulnerability of land
that is currently undeveloped but may be developed in the future , as well as the risk to
people and property on existing developed land . The consideration of the potential for
damage to properties in vulnerable areas and implementation of actions to reduce the
impact can go a long way towards eliminating the disruption a disaster occurrence creates in
the community .
The purpose of the Indian River County LMS is to develop a unified approach
among County and municipal governments for dealing with identified hazardsand hazard
1 - 1
management problems in the Indian River County area . This strategy will serve as a tool to
direct the County and municipal governments in their ongoing efforts to reduce their
vulnerabilities to impacts produced by both the natural , technological , and societal hazards
to which southeast Florida is exposed . The strategy also will help establish funding priorities
for currently proposed mitigation projects and for such disaster assistance funds as may be
made available for disaster mitigation activities .
This LMS is intended to represent the following jurisdictions :
• Indian River County ;
• City of Vero Beach ;
• City of Fellsmere;
• Town of Indian River Shores ;
• Town of Orchid ; and
• City of Sebastian .
This plan will be adopted by each of these jurisdictions . Copies of the adopted
resolution can be found at the end of the section .
The Indian River County LMS hazard mitigation program has been funded by the
FDCA with FEMA funds for the development of comprehensive mitigation planning .
The ultimate objectives of the LMS process are as follows :
1 ) Improve the total communities resistance to damage from known natural ,
`�. technological , and societal hazards ;
2 ) Place Indian River County in a position to compete more effectively for
pre- and post-disaster mitigation funding ;
3 ) Reduce the cost of disasters at all levels ; and
4 ) Speed community recovery from disasters that do occur.
Adoption of this strategy will provide the following benefits to both County and
municipal governmental entities :
• Compliance with Administrative Rules 9G -6 and 9G -7 , Florida Administrative
Code ( F . A. C . ) , requirements for local comprehensive emergency
management plans to identify problem areas and planning deficiencies
relative to severe and repetitive weather phenomenon , and to i entify
pre- and post-disaster strategies for rectifying identified proble s ;
• Compliance with FEMA's DMA2K and thus , eligibility for certain FEMA
pre- and post-disaster funding programs ;
• Credit from the National Flood Insurance Program ' s Communit Rating
System Program for developing a Floodplain Management Proc ram , which
will help further reduce flood insurance premium rates for prope y owners ;
• Access to FEMA's Flood Mitigation Assistance ( FMA) Grant Program , which
provides funding for pre-disaster mitigation projects and activities ; and
• Identification and prioritization of projects for funding under the State of
Florida 's Residential Construction Mitigation Program , to help reduce losses
from properties subject to repetitive flooding damage .
t.. • Eligibility for local governmental funds from the Emergency Management
Preparedness and Assistance ( EMPA) Competitive Grant Program .
1 -2
1 . 2 PLANNING PROCESS
The Indian River Department of Emergency Services ( DES ) was the lead agency
in the development of this LMS . An agreement was entered into by and between the State
of Florida , Department of Community Affairs ; and the Treasure Coast Regional Planning
Council (TCRPC ) , who in turn contracted with Continental Shelf Associates , Inc . ( CSA) to
develop and facilitate the following planning process . CSA gathered all releva t background
data , developed the content and facilitated the meetings of the Indian River County LMS
Working Group , and developed proposed strategies for risk reduction in the County .
The development of DMA2K has placed greater emphasis on the process
undertaken to develop a mitigation plan rather than the end product. In an effort to better
define the planning process used to develop the Indian River County LMS , the following
process description and diagram have been developed ( Figure 1 . 1 ) . This LMS document :
• CSA worked with DES to establish and convene an LMS Workin g Group to
oversee the LMS planning process . (Section 1 . 3 . 1 ) ;
CSA and DES identified opportunities for individuals , jurisdictions , community
organizations , and other interested stakeholders to become invo ved in the
LMS planning process ;
• The Working Group developed and revised guiding principles for Indian River
County (as a single entity composed of both the County and municipal
entities ) to use to address the issue of hazard mitigation ;
• CSA developed a community profile describing the County in terms of
'O' geography , population , infrastructure , economic resources , environmental
resources , historic and cultural resources , critical facilities , and property and
development trends ( Section 2 . 0 , Community Profile ) ;
• CSA reviewed and evaluated the existing legal , regulatory , and response
framework in place to deal with hazard mitigation (Section 3 . 0 , Institutional
Analysis ) ; The following key documents were reviewed as part of this
capability assessment:
Indian River County Comprehensive Growth Management Plan
( Mandatory Elements : Future Land Use , Transportation , Infrastructure ,
Conservation , Coastal Management , Intergovernmental Coordination ,
Housing , Recreation and Open Space , and Capital Improvements ) ;
Indian River County Land Development Code ;
Indian River County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan ;
Indian River County FMA and Community Rating System related plans ;
Indian River County Planning Division July 2003 Community
Development Report;
Indian River County Gifford Neighborhood Plan ;
Vero Beach Comprehensive Plan ( Mandatory Elements : Future Land
Use , Transportation , Infrastructure , Intergovernmental Coordination ,
Conservation , Housing , Recreation and Open Space , Coastal
Management , and Capital Improvements) ;
Sebastian Comprehensive Growth Management Plan ( Mandatory
Elements : Future Land Use , Transportation , Infrastructure , Housing ,
Recreation and Open Space , Intergovernmental Coordination ,
'o. ► Conservation , Coastal Management , and Capital Improvements ) ;
1 -3
Considen��
New Activity Update
1- Year PPL
Cycle Establish
Evaluate � Working
Current PPL Develop
Update Group p
LMS Guiding Principles
N
Community
Jurisdictional Profile
Approval
1 Identify Hazards ,
r Vulnerability, and Risk
Final
LMS
Working 100*
Identify
Group %i4 Community Issues
Draft
LMS
Capability
Assessment
Develop Conflict
Resolution Procedures Develop All- Hazard
Mitigation Strategy
Develop Identify
Im lementation
P Mitigation
Strategy Options
Figure 1 . 1 . Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) Planning Process .
esa
Orchid Comprehensive Growth Management Plan ( Mandatory Elements :
``' W Future Land Use , Transportation , Infrastructure , Housing , Recreation and
Open Space , Intergovernmental Coordination , Conservation , Coastal
Management, and Capital Improvements ) ;
Fellsmere Comprehensive Growth Management Plan ( Mandatory
Elements : Future Land Use , Transportation , Infrastructure ,
Intergovernmental Coordination , Conservation , and Capital
Improvements ) ;
Treasure Coast Regional Strategic Policy Plan , Emergency Management
Element ; and
Florida Department of Environmental Protection ( FDEP ) , Division of
Water Facilities , Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems report entitled
" Critical Erosion Areas in Florida . "
• CSA worked with DES and the Working Group to identify the known hazards
to which the County is susceptible , discussed their ranges of impacts , and the
individual vulnerabilities of the various jurisdictions and population centers
within the County ( Section 4. 0 , Hazard Identification , Vulnerability, and
Risk) ;
• CSA developed a description of various mitigation options available to reduce
risk (Section 5 . 0 , Mitigation Options ) ;
• Based on input from DES and the Working Group as well as the data , CSA
developed an all - hazard mitigation strategy aimed at reducing the risks posed
by natural hazards in Indian River County , and the Working Group approved
the strategy ;
• CSA developed detailed method by which the Indian River County local
%W governments can evaluate and prioritize proposed mitigation projects
(Section 6 . 0 , Implementation Strategy) ;
• A conflict resolution procedure by which city and County governmental
entities can resolve any differences that arise over prioritized mitigation
projects or mitigation strategies was developed during the planring process
(Section 6 . 0 ) ;
• CSA developed a process and schedule by which this entire Unified LMS will
be reviewed and updated , and develops guidelines for updating the Project
Prioritization List ( PPL) (Section 6 . 0 ) ; and
• CSA documented the PPL (Section 6 . 0 ) of mitigation projects
cross - referenced with potential funding sources .
Various appendices are provided listing existing policies (Appendi A) ,
mitigation options (Appendix B ) , mitigation funding sources (Appendix C ) , hazard data
information sources (Appendix D ) , documentation of LMS participation (Appendix E ) , and
acronyms (Appendix F ) .
1 . 3 LMS WORKING GROUP
Indian River County sought to involve a diverse group of individuals and
organizations in planning for natural , technological , and societal hazards within the County .
From a broad decision -making body to incorporating public comment to information
dissemination , multiple methods of involving the jurisdictions , organizations , bL sinesses ,
and citizens of Indian River County were employed . In designing the public participation
process , input has been received from the existing LMS Working Group . The Working
1 -5
Group sought to enhance and expand opportunities for public involvement . The following
graphic illustrates how the Working Group will expand participation . The Working Group
envisions a three-tiered participation process . Descriptions of each level of participation are
discussed as follows .
1 . 3 . 1 Working Group
A representative Working Group (Working Group ) oversees the Indian River
County LMS process .
1 . 3. 1 . 1 Role of Working Group
The Working Group serves as the policy development body for the LMS program .
The role of the Working Group is to advise and assist in the formulation , implementation ,
administration , and refinement of the Unified Indian River County LMS . The Working Group
shall represent the six governmental organizations and several community stakeholders
located in Indian River County .
WORKING
GROUP
COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS
CITIZENS
1 . 3. 1 . 2 Composition
The following organizations were represented on the Indian River County LMS
Working Group .
• Indian River County DES
• Indian River County Sheriff' s Office
• Indian River County Community Development
�•• • Indian River County Building Division
1 -6
Vero Beach Planning Department
• Sebastian Public Works
• Fellsmere
• Orchid
• Indian River Shores Public Safety
• Indian River County School Board
• American Red Cross (ARC )
• Indian River Citrus League
• Comcast
• Sebastian River Chamber of Commerce
• Gifford Front Porch Council
• BellSouth
Florida Power & Light Company
• St . Johns Water Management District
• Indian River Community College
• Florida Division of Forestry
All jurisdictions in Indian River County (Vero Beach , Fellsmere , Sebastian ,
Orchid , and Indian River Shores ) participated in the development of this LMS by serving on
the LMS Working Group and by reviewing and commenting on draft versions of the plan .
One representative from each of the organizations listed above was designated
to be the contact person for that particular organization .
1 . 3. 1 . 3 Working Group Responsibilities
The Steering Committee had the following responsibilities :
• To develop and revise an LMS as necessary ;
• To coordinate all mitigation activities within the County ;
To set an order of priority for local mitigation projects ; and
• To submit annual LMS updates to the Florida Division of Emergency
Management by the last working weekday of each January . Updates shall
address , at a minimum :
Changes to the hazard assessment;
Changes to the PPL ;
- Changes to critical facilities ;
Changes to the repetitive loss list ; and
Revisions to any maps .
The Working Group also was responsible for reviewing and providing comments
on all draft sections of the LMS provided by CSA . A formal voting process took place for
approval of draft final and final sections of the LMS . Informal voting took place for issues
other than approval of draft final or final sections of the LMS . The participating organization
representatives were responsible for attending Working Group meetings , ora ranging for
another representative of the organization to attend the meeting in their absence .
1 . 3. 1 . 4 Voting
The voting and approval process for the Working Group was as follows . Each
organization listed in Section 1 . 3 . 1 . 2 received one vote . A simple majority rules procedure
1 -7
was followed when a vote was required . If an organization ' s representative is not able to
attend a meeting , another representative of the organization can assume the v ting
responsibilities of the designated representative . The LMS Coordinator is responsible for
breaking any tie votes . The Director of Emergency Services for Indian River County has
been designated as the LMS Coordinator.
1 . 3. 1 . 5 Participation Requirement
1 ) Attend Working Group meetings ;
2 ) Provide input and technical information to the planning process , ( if available ) ;
and
3 ) Disseminate information to others within represented sector .
1 . 3 . 2 Subcommittees
The LMS Coordinator is authorized to establish ad - hoc subcommittmaes as
needed to further the goals and objectives of the LMS . These groups can be f Ormed to
address special issues and can be disbanded once the issue has been proper y addressed .
Subcommittee members need not be Working Group members , but may be any individual
able to provide special expertise and knowledge about specific concerns addressed in the
LMS .
1 . 3 . 3 Community Stakeholder Groups
Community stakeholder groups are any community group or organization with an
interest in reducing the risks posed by natural hazards in Indian River County .
1 . 3. 3. 1 Role of Community Stakeholder Groups
In an effort to develop a mitigation planning process that is community based and
focused on creating disaster resistant communities in Indian River County , community
stakeholder groups were invited to participate . Stakeholders provide the process with
valuable information about past , present, and future conditions within the community,
Stakeholders were asked to participate in an effort to capture input that is representative of
the diverse needs of citizens , businesses , and organizations in Indian River County .
1 . 3. 3. 2 Composition
Community stakeholder groups include any community organization that is not
represented on the LMS Working Group and can range from neighborhood associations to
local businesses , to civic clubs . These groups can provide data and information important in
developing the LMS , and may become partners in mitigation activities at some point in the
LMS process .
1 . 3. 3. 3 Responsibilities
Participation for community stakeholder groups is highly encouraged and
voluntary . Groups can participate in the LMS process in the following manners .
'�.• 1 ) Attend Working Group meetings ; or
2 ) Provide input and technical information to the planning process or
1 -8
`.. 3 ) Review and comment on draft final sections of the LMS ; or
4 ) Disseminate information to others within the stakeholder' s organization ,
1 . 3 . 4 Citizen Participation
1 . 3. 4. 1 Role of the Citizen
In an effort to develop a mitigation planning process that is community based and
focused on creating disaster resistant communities in Indian River County , citizens are
invited to participate . Citizens provide the process with valuable information about past ,
present , and future conditions within the community . Citizens were asked toparticipate in
an effort to capture input that is representative of the diverse needs of citizens , businesses ,
and organizations in Indian River County . Citizens were made aware of the opportunity to
participate in the LMS process via websites (e . g . , County and municipal websi es ) , television
(e . g . , local government channel ) , and newspapers . Documentation of the opportunity for
public participation can be found in Appendix E .
1 . 3. 4. 2 Participation Responsibilities
Citizen participation is highly encouraged and voluntary . Individual can
participate in the LMS process in the following manners :
1 ) Review and comment on draft and final plans via County websi e or library
system ; or
2 ) Attend noticed public meetings .
1 . 3 . 5 New Jurisdictions/Entities
In the event of restructuring that duly adds , deletes , or merges jurisdictions within
the County , the voting member rolls will be adjusted appropriately .
1 . 3 . 6 Documentation
Following each meeting , a summary will be prepared containing how solicitation
was completed for that specific meeting along with any comments and suggestions made by
the public and/or community stakeholder groups . For each meeting , a meeting summary ,
attendance list , public invite , public comments , and all other solicitation efforts concerning
public comments will be located in Appendix E of the LMS .
In order to invite and promote the opportunity for broad participation , at a
minimum , meeting notices and agendas will be posted through some combing ion of the
following : newspaper ads or public service announcements , postings on Coun y and
municipal websites , announcements on the County' s TV station , postings in County and
municipal newsletters and calendars , and faxes and e - mailings to previous participants .
The procedures of invitation will be documented along with comments in the meeting
summaries located in Appendix E of the LMS . The various invitation notices are to ensure
the continuation of public participation in the LMS update process and other activities in the
future .
1 -9
Once the Local Mitigation Strategy has been adopted , insert adopted resolution for Indian
River County .
"'err+
I%W Once the Local Mitigation Strategy has been adopted , insert adopted resolutior for City of
Vero Beach .
Once the Local Mitigation Strategy has been adopted , insert adopted resolution for
Fellsmere .
*4w
1%W Once the Local Mitigation Strategy has been adopted , insert adopted resolutio i for Town of
Indian River Shores .
'err
Once the Local Mitigation Strategy has been adopted , insert adopted resolutio i for Town of
Orchid .
`%W
�.r
Once the Local Mitigation Strategy has been adopted , insert adopted resolutioq for City of
Sebastian .
2 . 0 COMMUNITY PROFILE
This section describes the geography , population , infrastructure , property and
development trends , economic resources , environmental resources , historic and cultural
resources , and critical facilities within Indian River County and the municipalities therein .
The three main sources of information for this section are the 2000 US Census Enterprise
Florida (2003 ) , and University of Florida (2001 ) .
2 . 1 GEOGRAPHY
Indian River County is located in southeast central Florida , along the Atlantic
Ocean coast. The County has a total area of approximately 543 square miles
( 347 , 520 acres ) of which 41 . 1 square miles (26 , 298 acres ) are water, and 502 square miles
(321 , 280 acres) are land area . Included in the land area are 5 municipalities containing
approximately 37 . 2 square miles (23 , 830 acres) .
Indian River County is about 33 miles wide from east to west and 2 miles long
from north to south . In addition to the Atlantic Ocean , the County is bounded by Brevard
County on the north , St. Lucie County on the south , Osceola County on the west , and
Okeechobee County on the southwest . Indian River County receives an average of
53 inches of rain per year and sees approximately 127 days of rain per year.
Nearly two-thirds of the total land area is west of 1 -95 ; however , more than
90 % of the population resides in the eastern third of the County . The City of F Ilsmere is
`., the only community in the western portion of the County. The land along the western
boundary of the County is used primarily for range and pasture land with little residential
development . To the east of that area is St . Johns Marsh , a large freshwater arsh
extending the entire length of the County . Included in this significant wetland is the
6 , 000-acre Blue Cypress Lake . The land between the marsh and 1 -95 is devoted primarily
to agriculture . Much of this land is drained marshland now used for citrus or pasture . Other
than the City of Fellsmere in the north , there is little human settlement in this a ea .
The mainland topography of Indian River County is generally low in elevation ,
without significant deviation . However, two ridges parallel the coast , one about 1 mile inland
from the Indian River with elevations up to 30 feet , the other about 10 miles inland with
similar elevations . The coastal barrier islands have typical dune topography w th dune
elevations of about 15 feet .
The majority of the land in the County is devoted to agriculture . Residential ,
commercial , and industrial development occurs along the coastal barrier island and the
western shore of the Indian River.
The climate of Indian River is mild subtropical , with average summer
temperatures of about 79 ° F and average winter temperatures of about 62° F . Average
rainfall is about 51 inches . Prevailing winds are from the southeast and east in the spring
and summer, and from the northeast in the fall .
The drainage area of Indian River County is generally divided by the two
geographic ridges that parallel the coast. Areas west of the inland ridge are relatively flat
2- 1
,%W and drain westward to the St. Johns Marsh , aided by extensive canals , which have been
constructed for agricultural use . The basin area between the ridges is general ) low and
relatively flat . Drainage of the northern portion of this basin area is provided by South Prong
Creek and a network of manmade canals . The central and southern portions have
essentially no natural watercourses . These areas are drained by an extensive network of
manmade canals and ditches that are interconnected and joined with Main Rel ef, North
Relief, and South Relief Canals and discharge into the Indian River.
2 . 2 POPULATION
In 2000 , the estimated countywide population was 112 , 947 , up 25 °/ from 1990
(Table 2 . 1 ) . The Treasure Coast has experienced tremendous growth since the 1960 ' s , and
this trend is expected to continue . According to a FEMA Post- Disaster Recovery and
Redevelopment Guide , St . Lucie County was ranked 20th of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast
counties with the largest population growth rates between 1960 and 1990 . Th County' s
growth rate during this time period was 256 . 4 % . Figure 2 . 1 illustrates population growth in
Indian River County between 1960 and 2000 . Figure 2 . 2 illustrates the projec ed population
according to University of Florida (2001 ) for Indian River County between 2010 and 2030 .
Figure 2 . 1 . Population growth , Indian River County , 1960 — 2000 .
1201000 112,947
100, 000 -
80,000
00, 000 80,000 59,896
y` 60, 000
35, 992
40,000 25 ,309
20, 000
0
ll
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Source : University of Florida , 2001 .
Figure 2 . 2 . Projected population , Indian River County , 2010 — 2030 .
200 , 000
177 ,200
1800000 167, 200
156, 400
160 , 000 1451200
140 , 000 134 , 300
120 , 000
100 , 000
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Source : University of Florida , 2001 .
2-2
Table 2 . 1 . Population growth in Indian River County.
1980 1990 2000 % Increase % Increase 2010 % Increase
City/County Census Census Census
Data Data Data ( 1980 - 1990 ) ( 1990 - 2000 ) ( Projected ) (2000 - 2010 )
Vero Beach N/A 17 , 350 17 , 705 N/A 2 . 0 N/A N/A
Sebastian N/A 10 , 205 161181 N/A 58 . 6 N/A N/A
Fellsmere N/A 2 , 179 31813 N/A 75 . 0 N /A N/A
Indian River Shores N/A 21278 31448 N/A 51 . 4 N/A N/A
Orchid N/A 10 140 N/A 130 N/A N/A
Unincorporated N/A 58 , 186 71 , 660 N/A 12 . 5 N/A N/A
Countywide Totals 59 , 896 909208 112 , 947 50 . 6 25 . 2 134 , 300 18 . 9
N
W Sources : University of Florida , 2001 ; U . S . Census , 1990 , 2000 .
There are five municipalities in the County : Fellsmere , Indian River Shores ,
Orchid , Sebastian , and Vero Beach . In terms of population , there is significant variation
among them . The 2000 estimate of population for Fellsmere is 3 , 813 . Fellsm re ' s
population is expected to grow by 70 % between 2005 and 2030 . Indian River Shores is
estimated to have a population of 3 , 443 and is expected to grow by 43 % in the next
30 years . Orchid has a population of 140 and is expected to grow 115 % in the next
30 years . Sebastian has a population of 16 , 181 and is expected to grow 84 % by 2030 .
Vero Beach has a population of 17 , 705 and is expected to grow by only 4 % b 2030 . The
County Community Development Department has projected populations for m nicipalities
as well as unincorporated communities . Those areas with growth rates greater than
50 % between 2005 and 2030 include Sebastian , Fellsmere , Orchid , Florida Ridge , North
Beach , and Wabasso Beach .
Other significant population characteristics include age , race , income , and
special needs . The median age of Indian River County residents is 47 . Thirty -three percent
of the County is over the age of 65 . This is significant because elderly populations may
require additional or special assistance during a disaster. Because cultural differences can
influence an individual ' s response to an event, it is important to define the COL my population
in terms of race . Almost 7% of Indian River County' s residents are Hispanic or Latino , while
8 % are Black or African American , The County's Hispanic population more th 3n doubled
between the years of 1990 and 2000 . Indian River County' s African American population
grew nearly 21 % between 1990 and 2000 according to the U . S . Census , Nearly 11 % of
residents speak a language other than English at home . Language is an important
consideration when developing preparedness materials for residents . Themedian
household income in Indian River County is $39 , 635 , and 6 . 3 % of families are considered to
live below the poverty level . Per capita personal income in Indian River is approximately
28 % higher than the State average .
2 . 3 INFRASTRUCTURE
2 . 3 . 1 Public Buildings
Central Services at the County is responsible for 1 . 4 million square feet of
building space . In addition , there are a total of 12 fire stations operating in the County , as
well as a total of 19 public schools , which are operated by the Indian River County School
District .
2 . 3 . 2 Transportation
There are two major traffic corridors (i . e . , Interstate 95 [ I -95] and the Florida
Turnpike ) , U . S . Highway 1 , the main north-south route serving the coastal areas , and the
Florida East Coast Railroad . The major State Road ( SR ) in Indian River County is SR 60 ,
which constitutes the County' s major east-west traffic corridor .
2 . 3 . 3 Utilities
Florida Power & Light Company and Vero Beach Electric provide electric service
in the County . The cities of Sebastian and Vero Beach , as well as Indian River County ,
provide water and sewer services in the County. NVL- City Gas provides gas service to
County residents . Telephone companies that provide service in the County include AT&T ,
BellSouth , Sprint, and MCI .
2-4
%W 2 . 4 PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT
Indian River County has seen significant land use changes over thE last
50 years . Table 2 .2 illustrates the change in historic land use between 1943 and 1984 .
Table 2 . 2 . Land use changes , Indian River County , 1943 — 1984 .
Percent Chan e
Land Use 1943 1969 984
Urban 3 . 2 % 9 . 6 % 11 , 5 %
Agriculture 27 .5 % 46 . 7 % 60 . 5 %
Natural 69 . 3 % 43 . 7 % 28 , 0 %
Source : Indian River County Comprehensive Growth Management Plan — Future Land Use
Element .
Residential land use in unincorporated Indian River County constitutes the largest
acreage of land developed for non -agricultural purposes . While individual residences may
be found in all areas of the County , the vast majority are located within 11 miles of the
coastline , east of 1 -95 . The exception to this is the City of Fellsmere , located about 2 '/2 miles
west of 1 -95 on County Road ( CR) 512 , in the northern part of the County.
Commercial land uses in Indian River County are confined primarily to
commercial/industrial nodes . Nodes are areas with defined boundaries containing a
W concentration of similar land uses in a non -linear pattern surrounded by other land uses .
Existing commercial/industrial nodes contain approximately 5 , 732 acres of land .
Commercial uses exist on approximately 1 , 304 acres or 22 . 7 % of that land . Industrial uses
exist on approximately 749 acres or 13 . 1 % of commercial/industrial node land . Removing
the 2 , 053 acres (35 . 8 % ) of existing commercial and industrial development leaves
3 , 679 acres (64 . 2 % ) available for future commercial and industrial uses .
Agricultural land use constitutes the largest land use category in the County. As
of 1998 , more than 182 , 000 acres were in agricultural use . This represents over 57 % of the
County area . Agricultural land uses are located throughout the County . This i 1cludes
virtually all land west of 1 -95 except the City of Fellsmere , the St. Johns March and a small
portion of the 1 -95/SR 60 Commercial/ Industrial Node . There are also significE nt areas of
agricultural land within the area bounded by 1 -95 , 58th Avenue , SR 60 , and the City of
Sebastian . In the south County, land between 1 -95 and 43rd Avenue also cont ins large
agricultural areas ; however , several other significant land uses in this area include the Oslo
Road/ 1 -95 Commercial/ Industrial Node , the County Landfill , and the State Department of
Corrections facility . Other areas that contain agricultural land are the northern portion of the
barrier island and the area along the Indian River Lagoon between Vero Beach and
Sebastian .
The mainland portion of Vero Beach shares its boundaries with the County on
the north , west , and south sides . At the northern limits of the city , east of U . S . Highway 1 ,
low density residential development and a golf club constitute the primary city and uses ;
however, mangrove wetlands are found along the Indian River. West of U . S . Highway 1 , the
Vero Beach Municipal Airport occupies the northern limit of the city , west to 43 rd Avenue . A
large portion of the airport perimeter land is undeveloped vegetated land , which provides a
2- 5
buffer for the high density Gifford area of the County . Most of the area east of 3 `d Avenue
ir..► and north of 26t Street constitutes undeveloped , vegetated land ; a golf course and low
density residential development .
The western limits of the city constitute 43rd Avenue from 26th Streei south to
14th Street . The Los Angeles Dodgers Spring Training complex occupies land 3outh to the
main canal . Land from the canal south to 16th Street (including the SR 60 interSection ) is
predominately commercial . The County has a commercial node at the SR 60/44 . 3 rd Avenue
intersection . Medium density residential uses dominate 43rd Avenue from 16thStreet to
14th Street .
The southern limits of the city , along 14th Street , are dominated bysingle-family
residential development east to old Dixie Highway and the city cemetery . The and uses in
the city from the cemetery north and east along the U . S . Highway 1 corridor to 6 th Avenue
are dominated by commercial uses ; however, several older residential areas are
interspersed . Moderate density residential uses dominate east of 6th Avenue to the Indian
River. The city power plant and wastewater treatment plant are located along the river at
the 17th Street Bridge . Land uses on the barrier island at the city limits are restricted to
single-family homes .
The City of Sebastian , the second largest municipality in the County , is located in
the northern area of the mainland , along the Indian River. The most significanl land use
feature of Sebastian is the large number of vacant platted residential lots . It is for this
reason that Sebastian is expected to become the most populous municipality in the County .
�r This suburban land pattern dominates the southern and western limits of the ci y . The
second most dominate land use is the municipal airport. This general aviation facility is
located in the northwest portion of the city. Land uses east of the airport consist primarily of
undeveloped land . Industrial and commercial uses are concentrated along the
U . S . Highway 1 corridor in the northern portion of the city . The eastern boundary of
Sebastian is an irregular shape and consists primarily of residential uses excer t that
commercial and industrial uses are present where the city limits extend to the
U . S . Highway 1 corridor or Indian River .
The City of Fellsmere is the only municipality west of 1 -95 . The city is laid out on
a grid pattern in the predominately agricultural area of the northern County . The core area
of Fellsmere is easily divided into quadrants using CR 512 and Broadway as the axes . The
northwest quadrant is developed in a single-family residential pattern , and thesoutheast
quadrant is partially developed with single-family homes and mobile homes . Tie southeast
quadrant is primarily undeveloped ; however, mobile homes are present along the city' s
southern limit. The northeast quadrant is a partially developed single-family area . A
commercial area exists that the central intersection and between the northeast and
northeast quadrants . The city also contains two extensions to the east, along the
abandoned railroad right-of-way just north of CR 512 . The northeast extensior contains a
mix of uses including commercial , single-family residences , and mobile homes The area
just north of CR 512 consists primarily of undeveloped land .
Indian River Shores is an affluent residential community on the barr er island .
The Indian River provides a common boundary between this municipality and tie County on
the west . On the south , the town abuts the City of Vero Beach , and the Atlantic Ocean
**W forms its eastern limits . Only on the north does it share a common land bound ry with the
County . Land uses along this common boundary consist of single and multi-fa ily
2-6
residences in planned residential developments . The desirability of ocean and other
waterfront lots has resulted in the barrier island becoming an area dominated by high
income housing .
The Town of Orchid is the second municipality located exclusively o the barrier
island . At the present time , land uses in the town consist of developed and undeveloped
single-family lots , a golf course , a beach club , and approximately 110 acres of 1 vetland along
the Indian River Lagoon . The wetland is protected under a conservation easer ient .
Although unlikely to be developed at the maximum allowable density , the town ' approved
master plan allows up to 425 residential units , approximately 340 of which are lanned to be
single-family homes . The town ' s master plan also calls for limited commercial development
on +/- 7 and +/-3 acre parcels located on CR 510 and SR Al A , respectively .
Table 2 . 3 displays community characteristics within Indian River County .
According to the Indian River County Property Appraiser' s 1996 data , the County
contains approximately 21 , 270 acres of vacant land . Of that total , 3 , 050 acres are classified
as vacant commercial/industrial , and 18 , 220 acres are classified as vacant residential .
Because vacant land outside of the urban service area is classified as conservation or
agricultural , those totals refer to land within the urban service area . Most of the vacant
residential land is located in platted subdivisions that are largely unbuilt . Vero ake Estates
is the largest of these subdivisions , although the Vero Beach Highlands subdiv sion also
contains many vacant lots .
In the year 2002 , commercial and industrial building permits were isr, ued for a
total of 554 , 354 square feet . Seventy-one percent of the permits were located on
unincorporated County land , while 18 % , 7 % , and 4 % were located in Vero Beach ,
Sebastian , and Fellsmere respectively . Figure 2 . 3 illustrates commercial development
trends within the County between 1993 and 2002 . According to Enterprise Flo ida (2003 ) ,
There are 1 , 100 acres of land zoned industrial in the County , with 180 acres of industrial
parks designated as well .
Figure 2 . 3 . Commercial development trends , Indian River County , 1993 — 2002 .
1 , 600 , 000
1 ,400, 000
1 ,200, 000
1 , 000 , 000
800 , 000
600 , 000
400 , 000
200 , 000
0
Sq . ft. 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Source : Enterprise Florida (2003 ) .
Indian River County has a total of 57 , 902 housing units comprised mostly of
single-family detached units (59% ) , mobile homes ( 11 % ) , and multi -family structures with
`%W 10 to 19 units ( 8 . 8 % ) . The County' s Comprehensive Growth Management Plan estimates
2-7
00
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*AW that more than 5 , 300 of these housing units are for seasonal residents . Almost 88 % of
homes in Indian River County were built prior to 1990 . Nearly 80 % of residents own their
own home in Indian River County , and the median value of owner-occupied homes in the
County is $ 104 , 000 .
Table 2 . 4 displays U . S . Department of Housing and Urban Develo ment building
permit data for the County and its municipalities .
Table 2 . 4 . Building permit data , Indian River County , 1980 — 2000 .
1980 1990 200
Location Single- Multi- Single- Multi - Single - Multi -
Famil Family Family Family FamilyFamil
Unincorporated County 667 205 560 210 816 759
Fellsmere 7 20 14 0 20 5
Indian River Shores 29 26 36 0 40 18
Orchid 0 0 8 0 45 30
Sebastian 440 10 372 8 269 18
Vero Beach 71 119 50 8 24 15
Total 1 , 214 380 1 , 040 226 1 , 214 845
Source : U . S . Department of Housing and Urban Development , 2003 .
According to the University of Florida (2001 ) , Indian River County had-
1 , 217
ad1 , 217 single-family housing starts ( new construction ) and 753 multi -family housing
starts in
the year 2000 . In 2000 , reported building permits and new housing units in the County and
municipalities were valued at $362 , 739 , 000 .
The County' s Future Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Growth
Management Plan has identified several areas where development opportunit es exist .
Those areas include the corridor planning opportunities along CR 510 , U . S . H ghway 1 , and
SR 60 , a traditional neighborhood development at Olso Road and 58th Avenu , potential for
agricultural planned communities that allow clustered residential on agriculturE I lands , and
nodal development at Oslo Road and 74th Avenue .
2 . 5 ECONOMIC RESOURCES
There are two Chambers of Commerce in Indian River County , with locations in
Vero Beach and Sebastian . In 1990 , the top three occupations in Indian River County were
administrative support , sales , and services . In 2000 , the top three occupations were
management/professional , sales and office , and service jobs . In 1990 , the top three
industries in the County were retail trade , construction , and health provision ( able 2 . 5 ) . In
2000 , the top three industries were education , health , and social services ; retail trade ; and
arts , entertainment , recreation , accommodation , and food services . For comparison , the top
three industries in the state of Florida in 2001 were " other services , " it professic nal and
business services , " and " healthcare and social assistance . " According to EntE rprise Florida
(2003 ) , the top three private sector employers in the County are The New Piper Aircraft, Inc .
�..
( 1 000 ) , Vero Beach Press Journal (210 ) , and Macho Products ( 180) .
2-9
Table 2 . 5 . Industry classifications within Indian River County for 2000 .
Industry Classification Employees % of Total Annual Payroll Average
Employment nnual Wage
Agriculture , Forestry , 31795 10 . 09 % $68 , 680 , 790 $ 18 , 098
& Fishing
Construction 21673 7 . 11 % $ 60 , 5121505 $ 22 . 64
Manufacturing 21235 5 . 94 % $66 , 466 , 459 29 , 739
Transportation , 684 1 . 82 % $ 169785 , 203 $ 24 , 540
Communications , & Utilities
Wholesale Trade 999 2 . 66 % $51 , 3021472 $51 , 354
Retail Trade 81568 22 . 78 % $ 1301965 , 625 $ 15 , 285
Finance , Insurance , & Real 11726 4 . 59 % $ 61 , 444 , 688 $ 35 , 599
Estate
Services 12 , 118 32 , 21 % $ 285 , 613 , 187 $23 , 569
Public Administration 4 , 716 12 . 54 % $ 133 , 693 , 019 $ 30 , 505
The County offers business development incentives to employers that create
new jobs in the County. The number of jobs created determines the amount of the
incentive . Table 2 . 6 displays the incentive breakdown . Bonuses also are available to
employers who create jobs in the County's target industries , hire local residents , or provide
*%W salaries greater than the County average .
Table 2 . 6 . Business incentives , Indian River County , 2003 .
# of Jobs Created $ Per Job Created
10- 19 11000
20-49 1 , 250
50-99 11500
100- 149 19750
150 + 21000
Source : Enterprise Florida (2003 ) .
2 . 6 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
Indian River County maintains approximately 28 parks within the County , totaling
over 3 , 000 acres . There are a number of natural areas within the County including the Oslo
Riverfront Conservation Area , Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge ( NWR) , St. Sebastian
River Buffer Preserve , and the Archie Carr NWR . The Oslo Riverfront Conservation Area
consists of 298 acres on the Indian River Lagoon , The Pelican Island NWR w s the first
NWR in the nation . The Archie Carr NWR is located on a barrier island between the Indian
River and Brevard County , north of the Wabasso Causeway and south of the Sebastian
Inlet . The refuge is an important site for turtle nesting .
2- 10
2 . 7 HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
According to the National Register of Historic Places , there are sixt en
designated places in Indian River County . In Vero Beach , designated places include the
Driftwood Inn and Restaurant , Judge Henry F . Gregory House , Hallstrom House , Theodore
Hausmann Estate , Indian River County Courthouse , Old Palmetto Hotel , Pelican Island
NWR , Old Vero Beach Community Building , Vero Railroad Station , and the VE ro Theatre . In
Fellsmere , the Marian Fell Library , Fellsmere Public School , and First Episcopal Church are
also designated . The Jungle Trail in Orchid as well as the Bamma Vickers Lawson House
and the Spanish Fleet Survivors and Salvors Campsite in Sebastian are also listed on the
National Register.
Annual cultural events and festivals in Indian River County include the Center for
the Arts , Frog Leg Festival , Riverside Theatre , and Under the Oaks Arts Show .
2 . 8 CRITICAL FACILITIES
There are many critical facilities located within the County . Certainly , hospitals
and medical facilities provide important services during disasters . The medical service
facilities in Indian River County include Indian River Memorial Hospital and Sebastian River
Medical Center. According to the University of Florida (2001 ) Indian River County has a
total of 8 nursing homes with 678 beds and 21 assisted living facilities with 727 beds . The
County has two senior centers , which serve a growing elderly population .
Lines of communication are critical in providing information to the public before ,
,%WW during , and after a disaster. There are seven local radio stations broadcasting in Indian
River County including WAVW , WARE , WOSN , WPAW , WQCS , WQOL , and WTTB . There
is one local television station — WWCI . Locally printed newspapers include the Sebastian
Sun and the Vero Beach Press Journal .
Fire stations and Division of Forestry facilities are critical in the event of having to
battle wildland fire . Indian River County Fire Rescue has a total of 11 fire stations located
throughout the County.
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3 . 0 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS
In the mitigation planning process , it is not only important to identif which
hazards a community is at risk from , it also is important to identify the resources the
community has available to prepare for, mitigate against , respond to , and recover from
natural , technological , or societal hazards . This section outlines the current resources
available to Indian River County to reduce the risks posed by the hazards identified in
Section 4 . 0 . Mitigation programs , policies , and projects on the Federal , State regional , and
local levels are described and documented in this section . Sources of intergo ernmental
coordination , methods of strengthening the role of local governments , and background on
private sector involvement also are documented .
3 . 1 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
3 . 1 . 1 FEMA
The FEMA has the lead Federal role in natural hazard mitigation , p Weparation ,
response and recovery . FEMA has several programs aimed at reducing the ri ks posed by
natural hazards in communities nationwide .
3. 1 . 1 . 1 PDM Program
The PDM Program was authorized by §203 of the Robert T . Stafford Disaster
Assistance and Emergency Relief Act ( Stafford Act) , 42 USC , as amended by § 102 of the
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 . Funding for the program is provided through the National
Pre- Disaster Mitigation Fund to assist states and local governments in implementing
cost-effective hazard mitigation activities that complement a comprehensive mitigation
program . The Act establishes criteria for State and local hazard mitigation pla ining . Local
governments applying for PDM funds through the states will have to have an 2 pproved local
mitigation plan prior to the approval of local mitigation project grants . States also will be
required to have an approved standard State mitigation plan in order to receive PDM funds
for State or local mitigation projects .
3. 1 . 1 . 2 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
The U . S . Congress established the NFIP with the passage of the National Flood
Insurance Act of 1968 . The NFIP is a Federal program enabling property own m. rs in
participating communities to purchase insurance as a protection against flood osses in
exchange for State and community floodplain management regulations that reduce future
flood damages . Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between ommunities
and the Federal government. If a community adopts and enforces a floodplair management
ordinance to reduce future flood risk to new construction in floodplains , the Fe Jeral
government will make flood insurance available within the community as a fince ncial
protection against flood losses . This insurance is designed to provide an insurance
alternative to disaster assistance to reduce the escalating costs of repairing dE mage to
buildings and their contents caused by floods .
err
3- 1
3. 1 . 1 . 3 Community Rating System (CRS)
The NFIP 's CRS was implemented in 1990 as a program for recognizing and
encouraging community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP
standards . Under the CRS , flood insurance premium rates are adjusted to refl Bct the
reduced flood risk resulting from community activities that meet the three goalc. of the CRS :
1 ) reduce flood losses ; 2 ) facilitate accurate insurance rating ; and 3 ) promote tie awareness
of flood insurance . There are ten CRS classes : Class 1 requires the most credit points and
gives the largest premium reduction ; Class 10 receives no premium reduction . The CRS
recognizes 18 creditable activities , organized under four categories numbered 300 through
600 : Public Information , Mapping and Regulations , Flood Damage Reduction , and Flood
Preparedness .
3. 1 . 1 . 4 Map Modernization
The goal of FEMA's Map Modernization Plan is to upgrade the 100 , 000 panel
flood map inventory by
• developing up-to-date flood hazard data for all floodprone areas nationwide to
support sound floodplain management and prudent flood insurance
decisions ;
providing the maps and data in digital format to improve the efficiency and
precision with which mapping program customers can use this information ;
fully integrating FEMA's community and State partners into the -napping
process to build on local knowledge and efforts ;
• improving processes to make it faster to create and update themaps ; and
• improving customer services to speed processing of flood map Drders and
raise public awareness of flood hazards .
3. 1 . 1 . 5 Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program
The goal of the FMA Program is to reduce or eliminate claims under the NFIP .
FMA provides funding to assist states and communities in implementing measures to reduce
or eliminate the long -term risk of flood damage to buildings , manufactured homes , and other
structures insurable under the NFIP . There are three types of grants available under FMA:
Planning , Project, and Technical Assistance Grants .
3. 1 . 1 . 6 National Hurricane Program
The National Hurricane Program conducts and supports many projects and
activities that help protect communities and their residents from hurricane hazards . Three
key components of the Program are Response and Recovery ; Planning , Training , and
Preparedness ; and Mitigation .
3. 1 . 1 . 7 Other Programs
The National Mitigation Strategy was developed to provide a framework for
reducing the exposure of all Americans to the catastrophic losses caused by natural
err disasters . In addition , FEMA sponsors the Mitigation Assistance , Disaster Preparedness
Improvement Grant, Community Assistance , and Fannie Mae Pilot Loan Programs ,
3-2
3 . 1 . 2 United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA)
The EPA is the lead Federal agency for hazardous materials issues and
planning . The EPA is responsible for implementing the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to- Know Act ( EPCRA) . EPCRA establishes requirements for Federal ,
State , and local governments , Native American tribes , and industry regarding emergency
planning and " Community Right-to- Know" reporting on hazardous materials and toxic
chemicals . The Community Right-to- Know provisions help increase the publics knowledge
and access to information on chemicals at individual facilities , their uses , and releases into
the environment . States and communities , working with facilities , can use the information to
improve chemical safety and protect public health and the environment . The EPA also
sponsors several grant programs focusing on environmental health , including Clean Water
Act Section 319 Grants , Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Grants , and tha., Sustainable
Development Challenge Grant .
3 . 1 . 3 United States Forest Service ( USFS)
The Fire and Aviation Management part of the USFS is a diverse gi oup of people
working to advance technologies in fire management and suppression , mainta n and
improve the extremely efficient mobilization and tracking systems in place , anc reach out in
support of our Federal , State , and international fire partners .
11A United States Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS)
�►' The USFWS oversees the implementation of the Coastal Barrier RE sources Act
(CBRA) . The purpose of CBRA was to eliminate Federal development incentives on
undeveloped coastal barriers , thereby preventing the loss of human life and property from
storms , minimizing Federal expenditures , and protecting habitat for fish and wi dlife . Coastal
barriers are landscape features that protect the mainland , lagoons , wetlands , and salt
marshes from the full force of wind , wave , and tidal energy .
3 . 1 . 5 United States Department of Commerce ( DOC)
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) located within the
DOC conducts research and gathers data about the global oceans , atmospher a. , space , and
sun , and applies this knowledge to science and service that touch the lives of Cc II Americans ,
The DOC manages the Coastal Zone Management Program on the national level , The
Economic Development Administration ( EDA) within the DOC administers ED Public
Works & Infrastructure Development Grants to promote long -term economic development
and assist in the construction of public works and development facilities needed to initiate
and support the creation or retention of permanent jobs in the private sector in areas
experiencing substantial economic distress .
3 . 1 . 6 National Weather Service ( NWS)
NWS provides weather, hydrologic, and climate forecasts and warnings for the
United States , its territories , adjacent waters , and ocean areas , for the protection of life and
property and the enhancement of the national economy . NWS data and products form a
*%W national information database and infrastructure , which can be used by other governmental
agencies , the private sector, the public , and the global community.
3-3
*4%W 3 . 1 . 7 United States Geological Survey ( USGS)
The USGS serves the Nation by providing reliable scientific information to
describe and understand the Earth ; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters ;
manage water, biological , energy , and mineral resources ; and enhance and protect our
quality of life .
3 . 1 . 8 Unites States Army Corps of Engineers ( USAGE)
In addition to building projects , the USACE , through its Flood Plain Management
Services , advises communities , industries , and property owners on protection measures
they can take themselves , such as zoning regulations , warning systems , and flood proofing .
Last year this service responded to more than 44 , 000 requests for information . The value of
property protected by this program is an estimated $6 . 2 billion . USACE also manages
beach erosion control projects , aquatic restoration programs , floodplain management
initiatives , and emergency bank protection projects .
3 . 1 .9 United States Fire Administration ( USFA)
As an entity of the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency
Management Agency , the mission of the USFA is to reduce life and economic losses due to
fire and related emergencies , through leadership , advocacy , coordination , and support .
3 . 1 . 10 National Response Team ( NRT)
`%W
The NRT is made up of 16 Federal agencies , each with responsibili ies and
expertise in various aspects of emergency response to pollution incidents . Witq nationwide
responsibilities for interagency planning , policy , and coordination , the NRT ensures that the
most valuable tool in an emergency — readiness — is available for pollution incidents of all
sizes and kinds . Prior to an incident , the NRT provides policy guidance and assistance .
During an incident, the NRT provides technical advice and access to resources and
equipment from its member agencies . The EPA serves as chair of the NRT , arid the
U . S . Coast Guard serves as vice-chair. This interagency planning and coordination
framework is replicated at the regional , sub-regional , and local levels . In addition to
interagency coordination , the NRT also engages the private sector in prevention ,
preparedness , and response efforts . The NRT encourages innovation and collaboration to
increase the effectiveness and reduce the cost of industry compliance with planning and
response regulations . The NRT receives no direct appropriations for its activities .
3 . 1 . 11 United States Department of Housing and Urban Development HUD)
HUD sponsors a number of programs that can be used to further the goals of
hazard mitigation within a community . The Community Development Block Grant ( CDBG )
Small Cities Program provides funding to improve local housing , streets , utilitie , and public
facilities in small cities . Disaster Recovery Initiative funds are provided for disaster relief,
long -term recovery , and mitigation activities in areas affected by a presidential disaster
declaration .
3-4
M A2 United States Department of the Interior ( USDOI )
USDOI sponsors several programs that can help further mitigation . The Federal
Land -to- Parks Transfer Program provides funds to identify , assess , and transfer available
surplus Federal real property to State and local entities for use as parks , recreation areas ,
and open space . USDOI also supports land acquisition programs , the North American
Wetland Conservation Fund , Partners for Fish and Wildlife , and the Rivers , TrE ils , and
Conservation Assistance Program .
VA3 United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA)
USDA sponsors the following hazard - related programs : Emergency Watershed
Protection Program , Watershed Surveys and Planning , Small Watershed Program , and
Rural Utilities Service Water and Waste Disposal Program .
VA4 United States Department of Transportation
The Federal Highway Administration sponsors a transportation enhancement
program that provides funds for transportation enhancements . The Federal Transit
Administration offers funding programs related to transportation capital expenses including
Section 5309 Capital Funds .
3 .2 NON -GOVERNMENT
3 .2 . 1 Firewise Communities USA
Firewise Communities/USA is a project of the National Wildfire Coo Odinating
Group 's Wildland /Urban Interface Working Team and is the newest element of the Firewise
program . It provides citizens with the knowledge necessary to maintain an acceptable level
of fire readiness , while ensuring firefighters that they can use equipment more efficiently
during a wildland fire emergency. The program draws on a community's spirit , its resolve ,
and its willingness to take responsibility for its ignition potential .
3 . 2 . 2 Institute for Business and Home Safety ( IBHS)
IBHS is a nonprofit association that engages in communication , education ,
engineering , and research . The goal of IBHS is to reduce deaths , injuries , property
damage , economic losses , and human suffering caused by natural disasters .
3 . 2 . 3 ARC
Although the ARC is not a government agency , its authority to provide disaster
relief was formalized when , in 1905 , the ARC was chartered by Congress to " carry on a
system of national and international relief in time of peace and apply the same in mitigating
the sufferings caused by pestilence , famine , fire , floods , and other great national calamities ,
and to devise and carry on measures for preventing the same . " The Charter is not only a
grant of power, but also an imposition of duties and obligations to the nation , tc disaster
victims , and to the people who generously support its work with their donations ,
3-5
3 .2A National Fire Protection Association ( NFPA)
The mission of the international nonprofit NFPA is to reduce the worldwide
burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocati g
scientifically- based consensus codes and standards , research , training , and education .
3 . 2 . 5 Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM )
ASFPM goals include reducing the loss of human life and property damage
resulting from flooding , preserving the natural and cultural values of floodplains. , promoting
flood mitigation for the prevention of loss and the wise use of floodplains , and avoiding
actions that exacerbate flooding .
3 . 3 STATE GOVERNMENT
3 . 3 . 1 FDCA
The FDCA is the State 's land planning agency . It is comprised of a number of
divisions , including the Division of Emergency Management ( DEM ) . The mission of the
Division is to respond to emergencies , recover from them , and mitigate against their
impacts . DEM provides FDCA with operational and programmatic guidance as articulated in
the State hazard mitigation plan to promote the goals and objectives of the nationally- based
National Mitigation Strategy coordinated by FEMA .
The FDCA has the lead role in coordinating State resources to support local
' government unless the scope of the emergency warrants a higher degree of State
involvement. This may occur when emergencies involve multi -jurisdictional hazards , when
local governments believe the emergency is beyond the capabilities of local resources , or
when the Governor determines there is an overriding concern for the safety of the public .
For these situations , the Governor can designate the primary responsibility for emergency
response to the State by issuing an Executive Order under the provisions of Sc., ction 252 . 36 ,
Florida Statutes ( F . S . ) .
The DEM is the designated State Warning Point in the event of a h zardous
materials incident . As such , the DEM is responsible for receiving notification of an
emergency from the County Communications Coordinator, and coordinating t e request( s )
for County support , if requested . The DEM is responsible for assisting Local Emergency
Planning Committees ( LEPCs ) in providing warnings and instructions to the general public .
Other DEM programs include the Emergency Management Preparedness and Assistance
Grant , Residential Construction Mitigation Program , and the Florida Warning and
Information Network .
3 . 3 .2 Florida Division of Forestry ( FDOF)
Over the past several years , extensive damage has resulted from wildland fire .
The FDOF has major responsibility for protecting forest lands and the public from the effects
of wildland fire . Local fire-rescue departments have primary responsibility for structural fires .
They also are the first responders to all fires . If the local fire- rescue department has
determined that a wildland fire event is beyond its capacity to fight , the local fire -rescue
NOW department can request assistance from the FDOF . When that occurs , an incident
3-6
command control is established with the State and local fire- rescue departments working
together to extinguish the wildland fire .
3 . 3 . 3 FDEP
The FDEP Bureau of Beaches and Wetland Resources oversees the listing of
critical erosion areas within the state . The Florida Geological Survey , housed in FDEP , is
the State lead on geologic hazards such as sinkholes . FDEP sponsors two key mitigation
related funding programs — the Revolving Fund Loan Program for WasteWater Treatment
and the Pollution Control Bond Program . FDEP also is home to the State Coa tal
Management Program . The Florida Coastal Management Program ( FCMP ) coordinates
among local , State , and Federal entities involved in coastal management activ ties . In
addition to working with FDEP ' s programs , the FCMP coordinates among the eight State
agencies , five water management districts , and local governments that have responsibilities
for coastal management under the federally-approved FCMP . The FCMP also develops
partnerships with local communities to actively solve problems related to coastal
development .
3 . 3A Florida Fish and Game Conservation Commission
The Fish and Game Conservation Commission sponsors environmental
education programs aimed at educating adult Floridians about population gro h , habitat
loss , and coastal and fresh water ecosystems .
r.. 3 . 3 . 5 Florida Inland Navigation District ( FIND)
FIND provides assistance on certain waterway related projects including
navigation channel dredging , channel markers , navigation signs or buoys , boat ramps ,
docking facilities , fishing & viewing piers , waterfront boardwalks , inlet management,
environmental education , law enforcement equipment, boating safety programs , beach
renourishment , dredge material management, environment mitigation , and shc reline
stabilization .
3 . 3 . 6 Florida Department of Transportation ( FDOT)
FDOT maintains Federal and State roads as well as airport constru tion and
zoning and various other types of transportation administration .
3 . 3 . 7 Building Officials Association of Florida ( BOAF)
BOAF coordinates building code enforcement among local building officials .
3 . 3 . 8 Florida Department of Insurance ( FDOI )
FDOI helps finance the reconstruction of communities following a d saster.
3 . 3 . 9 Agency for Health Care Administration
The Agency for the Health Care Administration oversees hospital construction
,%&of and various health testing services .
3-7
3 . 3 . 10 Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation ( DBPR)
The FDBPR oversees elevator maintenance and safety , building inspection ,
engineering , architecture , and construction contractors .
3 . 3 . 11 Florida Department of Corrections ( FDOC )
The FDOC builds prisons , local detention facilities , and private contract facilities .
3 . 3 . 12 Florida Department of Education ( FDOE)
The FDOE oversees school construction and maintenance . The department also
has an emergency planning program that focuses on hazardous materials accident
preparedness .
3 . 3 . 13 Florida Department of Management Services ( FDOMS)
The FDOMS manages State public buildings and personnel services .
3 . 3 . 14 Florida Department of State
The Division of Historical Resources is one of seven divisions within the
Department of State , and the State agency responsible for promoting the historical ,
archaeological , museum , and folk culture resources in Florida . The Division Di ector serves
as Florida ' s State Historic Preservation Officer, providing a liaison with the national historic
*4W preservation program conducted by the National Park Service . The Bureau of istoric
Preservation identifies , evaluates , preserves , and interprets historic structures and
properties that reflect the diversity of our past . The Bureau manages the nation ' s largest
historic preservation grants program and oversees the development of State historic
markers , heritage publications , and Florida folklife programs .
3 . 4 REGIONAL GOVERNMENT
3 . 4 . 1 TCRPC
The TCRPC has been enabled under Section 186 . 501 , F . S . The Council is a
multi -county entity covering Indian River, Martin , Palm Beach , and St . Lucie counties . It has
major responsibility for addressing growth management issues that are multi -jurisdictional in
scope . One of its key roles is to engage in area-wide comprehensive and functional
planning ; this includes working in cooperation with Federal and State agencies planning for
emergency management as described in Section 252 . 34 (4) , F . S . The TCRPC provides
full-time staffing for the District X LEPC . The LEPC is charged with administering regional
compliance with hazardous materials reporting and training laws . Its many initi tives include
the State Hazardous Materials Training Task Force ; District X Hazardous Materials
Emergency Plan ; training for emergency first response personnel ; hospital and hazardous
materials response team needs ; public hazardous chemical awareness and reporting
seminars ; public and private sector hazardous materials emergency exercises ; and assisting
public and private facilities with chemical emergency preparedness planning .
1%W Section 186 . 507 , F . S . directs regional planning councils to prepare strategic
regional policy plans . One of the elements the plan must address is emergenc
3-8
preparedness . The TCRPC promotes mitigation initiatives within Section 5 . 0 , Emergency
Preparedness , of its " Strategic Regional Policy Plan . " Specific strategies that promote
mitigation are summarized below . These strategies and the policies that implement them
are listed in Appendix A.
Strategy 5 . 1 . 1 Direct development away from areas most vulnerable to the
effects of natural and manmade disasters .
Strategy 5 . 2 . 1 Utilize land use , transportation , and community planning
processes to address vulnerability issues .
Strategy 5 . 3 . 1 Provide shelter space for residents of areas susceptible to flooding
from the effects of hurricanes and other storms .
Strategy 5 . 4 . 1 Develop the mechanisms necessary to ensure that emergency
planning agencies have input into the local government decision - making process .
Strategy 5 . 5 . 1 Initiate disaster preparedness activities that will protect lives and
property and reduce evacuation times .
Strategy 5 . 5 . 2 Establish mechanisms and regulations necessary for post-disaster
reconstruction to occur in a consistent manner , making future disasters less
destructive to life and property .
3 . 4 . 2 St. Johns River Water Management District
*4% r
The creation of the St. Johns River Water Management District ( SJRWMD ) ,
along with the four other water management districts was enabled under Section 373 . 069 ,
F . S . As required under Section 373 . 036 (2 ) , F . S . , each district has prepared a district water
management plan ( DWMP ) . The DWMP provides the overarching vision fore each district
and must address four key areas :
Environmental protection and enhancement ;
• Maintaining the water supply ;
• Flood protection ; and
Water quality protection .
One of the purposes of the DWMP is to provide a framework to deal with issues
related to water supply , water contamination , extreme drought , and flooding . The SJRWMD
administers several programs that achieve hazard mitigation relative to flooding , hurricanes ,
and drought . Historically , water management districts were created primarily to mitigate the
impacts of flooding . The role of districts has been expanded considerably over the years .
The SJRWMD operates and maintains the regional drainage systern throughout
most of its jurisdictional area . Local drainage systems are operated by a variety of special
districts , private property owners , and local governments . The local systems typically
convey water from individual projects to the regional system operated by SJRWMD . The
District' s responsibilities for flood protection relate primarily to their serving as the regional
water conveyance and storage entity. The overall goal for flood protection is
3-9
"To minimize the potential for damage from floods by protecting and
restoring the natural water storage and conveyance functions of
floodprone areas with preference given to the use of non -structural
surface water management methods . "
In addition to private applicants , local units of government involved in building
new stormwater systems or retrofitting older ones are required to petition the District for a
surface water management permit approval .
Besides its flood control responsibility , the District is charged with the
responsibility of protecting existing water resources from excessive drawdown during
periods of drought, and protecting welifields and aquifers from contamination . The District' s
overall goal for water supply is
"To ensure the availability of an adequate and affordable supply of water
from all reasonable - beneficial uses while protecting the water and
related resources of the District. "
Also , the District administers the " Save Our Rivers" program for the purpose of
protecting environmentally sensitive lands . A number of the lands purchased under the
program have been in the Coastal High Hazard Area ( CHHA) ; thus , in addition to achieving
the program's primary goal - the protection of environmentally sensitive resources , the
intensity and density of development in CHHAs are reduced .
The SJRWMD is undergoing three flood mitigation projects on the Upper
St . Johns River Basin . Two of the projects are focused on increased stormwater storage at
the Fellsmere Water Management Area and the Banjo Groves Restoration . The third project
is focused on flood protection improvement in the Kenansville Lake area . Thee are two
mitigation projects associated with the Indian River Lagoon Program , The Sebastian
Stormwater Park is mitigating the flood hazard by increasing stormwater storage
capabilities . The Sebastian River Water Control District is mitigating the flood hazard by
replacing radial gates to improve the efficiency of floodwater discharge .
3 . 5 COUNTY GOVERNMENT
3 . 5 . 1 Listing of Agencies
Within the existing Indian River County organization structure , there are a
number of departments that play key roles in hazard mitigation . They include DES ,
Community Development Department, and the Department of Public Works .
DES. The DES is composed of five divisions : Emergency Management ,
Radiological Preparedness , Fire Services , Emergency Medical Services , and Animal
Control . In terms of hazard mitigation , the Emergency Management Division has the lead
role in dealing with hazard - related events . In that role , one of the Division ' s important
functions involves overall coordination responsibility during emergency events , The County
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan ( CEMP ) serves as the countywide
operational management plan for emergency events . It defines the roles and functions of all
local governmental agencies and non- profit and private sector entities ( e . g . , ARC , Florida
`.r Power & Light) . Another important function that is highly visible is fire protection . The
County provides fire protection in all areas of the County with the exception ol Indian River
3- 10
'%r. Shores , which has its own public safety department . Besides its firefighting re ponsibility ,
the DES also is responsible for ensuring compliance with County fire codes .
The County Commission has assigned lead responsibility for the preparation of
the LMS to the DES . In that role , the Department has been charged with the r sponsibility
of facilitating the development of a countywide LMS . An important aspect of the work effort
will be to ensure broad participation , not just within County government, but with all
municipalities , special districts (e . g . , water control districts ) , non - profits , and private sector
businesses .
Community Development Department (CDD) . The CDD is compris d of four
divisions : Current Development , Environmental & Code Enforcement , Long - range Planning ,
and Building . The CDD has primary responsibility for administering the Count
Comprehensive Growth Management Plan ( CGMP ) , and appraising and upda ing from time
to time . In addition to its long - range planning role , the CDD is responsible for rocessing
development petitions (Le . , rezoning petitions , site plans ) . Also , the Department is involved
in the evaluation and assessment of environmental projects (e . g . , shoreline stabilization
projects , beach erosion initiatives ) . The Building Division issues and oversees compliance
with all building permits . The County issues building permits and conducts inspection
compliance , not only for the unincorporated portions of the County , but also for the City of
Vero Beach .
Public Works Department (PWD) . This department is responsible for overseeing
the construction of capital projects as well as the long -term maintenance of County facilities
,` (e . g . , stormwater facilities , shoreline stabilization projects , County roads ) . The County
coastal engineer is located in the PWD , and oversees all engineering aspects of capital
projects (e . g . , seawalls , docks , beach dune walkovers , beach erosion programs) .
Sheriff's Office. The Indian River County Sheriff' s Office is involved in a number
of emergency related activities to assist in preparing for, mitigating against , responding to ,
and recovering from disasters . The Indian River County Sheriff' s Office Standard Operating
Procedures Manual identifies the following emergency- related roles :
Emergency Response Team ;
Crisis Situations ;
Bomb Threat/ Bomb Disposal ;
VIP Protection/Special Events ;
Disaster Plan ;
Disaster Recall Plan ;
Severe Weather Plan ;
Aircraft Accident Plan ;
Civil Disturbance Response Plan ;
Intercommunications for Mutual Aid ; and
Incident Command System .
3 . 5 . 2 County Mitigation Policies and Ordinances
Policy Plans. The two key policy plans that address issues related to natural and
technological hazards include the County Comprehensive Plan and the County
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan . They are described briefly below .
3 - 11
CGMP. The CGMP is the County' s policy instrument that defines County policy
as it relates to development and redevelopment . The Plan consists of nine plan elements :
Conservation , Coastal Management , Infrastructure (i . e . , potable water, sanitary sewer ,
stormwater management , solid waste , natural aquifer recharge) , Future Land Use , Housing ,
Recreation and Open Space , Transportation , Intergovernmental Coordination , and Capital
Improvement . Seven of nine plan elements address hazards . Table 3 . 1 identifies what
types of hazards are addressed by each plan element . A complete listing of Goals ,
Objectives , and Policies in the Indian River County Comprehensive Growth Management
Plan that relates to hazard mitigation is in Appendix A. The following highligh s a few key
policies in the Comprehensive Plan that address the issue of hazard mitigation :
Regulate development of areas that are prone to flooding and areas within
the 100-year floodplain in a manner that is consistent with the regulations
established by the NFIP ;
The County shall not approve plan amendments that increase tie residential ,
density or land use intensity in the CHHA;
The County shall limit densities in the CHHA to ensure timely evacuation of
the barrier island ;
The County shall prohibit new development of adult congregatE living
facilities , nursing homes , homes for the aged , total care facilities , and similar
developments within the CHHA ;
The County will continue its activities to retrofit the Vero Lakes Estates
drainage system ;
By 2008 , the County shall consider establishing a stormwater utility to fund
maintenance and improvements of existing stormwater management
facilities ;
By 2002 , the County will have adopted a comprehensive floodp Iain
management plan approved by the FEMA ;
Only structures vulnerable to erosion from a 15 year or less storm event shall
be permitted to construct rigid shoreline stabilization structures and
• The County has established Local Road Protection Level -of- Service
standards :
3-year storm/24 hour duration - no flood encroachment outside existing
easement and right-of-way limits ;
10-year storm/24 hour duration - limited encroachment of stormwater in
front and rear yards ;
5-year storm/24 hour duration - greater encroachment of stormwater in
front and rear yards with no minor street flooding (2- inch maximum ) ; and
- 100-year storm/3 days duration - some street flooding , but no flooding of
existing and proposed residences .
County CEMP. The County Commission has an adopted CEMP , t is an
operations oriented document that establishes the framework for effective ma lagement by
the County during emergencies and disasters . The CEMP addresses a broac range of
hazards . They include
• hurricanes and tropical storms ;
• flooding ;
• hazardous materials ;
3- 12
Table 3 . 1 . Comprehensive Growth Management Plan hazard mitigation inventory .
Municipalities
Comprehensive Plan Elements County Indian River Town of Town of Indn of Orchid y City of
ian Towid Citof Sebastian
Fellsmere River Shores Vero Beach
Conservation
A E F H HZ F , HZ A , D , F , H , HZ , NT A, D , F , HZ A , D , F , H , HZ , NT ,W A , HZ
Coastal Management E , F , H , NT , P E , F , H , NT , P E , F , H , HZ , NT , P A, E , F , P , NT F , FI , H , HZ , NT , P
Infrastructure
F , H , HZ ,WC D , F ,W D , F , HZ F , H , HZ D , F , HZ , NT ,W DIF
Future Land Use
E , F , FI , H , NT F , NT E , F , H F , FI , H D , F , H , HZ ,W F , H
Housing
Recreation and Open Spaces
Transportation F , H E , F , H , NT
wF , H , HZ F D , H
Intergovernmental Coordination
E , F , H , NT
E , F , H E , F , H , NT E , F , H , HZ , P
Capital Improvement E ,
Ports , Aviation and Associated Facilities
Utilities
Health and Human Services
Public Education
Fire Rescue
Economic
ary
Historical Preservation
Bold = Mandatory Comp Plan Element; A = Air Quality; D = Drought; E = Erosion ; F = Flood ; FI = Fire ; H
= Hurricane ; HZ = Hazardous Waste ;
N = Nuclear Disaster; NT = Natural and Technological Disasters ; PDR = Post- Disaster Redevelopment; WC = Wellfield Contamination
.
radiation exposure and contamination ;
armed violence ;
mass immigration ;
coastal oil spill ;
freezes ;
wildland fires ;
tornadoes ;
drought;
dam failure ;
property loss/agricultural hazards ;
sinkholes and subsidence ; and
military ordnance from World War II .
Other Hazards Plans . Besides the CEMP , the DES has prepared a series of
hazard plans that apply to unique situations . They include
Coastal Oil Spill - Federal Region IV Oil & Hazardous Substances Regional
Contingency Plan ;
Hazardous Materials - Indian River County Emergency Plan for Hazardous
Materials ;
• Mass Immigration - Indian River County Caribbean Refugee Plan ;
Airports - Vero Beach Municipal Airport Certification Manual : Aircraft and
Airport Safety Plan , approved by the Federal Aviation Administration on
3 January 1997 ;
``�' Nuclear Power Plants - State of Florida Radiological Emergency
Management Plan ;
Ports/Marinas - Indian River County Comprehensive Plan ;
Emergency Notification - Emergency Alert System Plan (Oper tional Area
10 ) ;
Military Support - Florida National Guard Operation Plan for Mi itary Support
to Civil Officials ;
Beach Preservation Plan - Documents existing conditions of the beachfront in
the County , identifies areas experiencing beach erosion , and recommended
strategies to stabilize and/or enhance the County' s beaches ;
• East Indian River County Stormwater Management Plan ;
Indian River County Wildfire Mitigation Plan ; and
Sebastian Area-wide Florida Scrub Jay Habitat Conservation Ian .
Ordinances/Regulations . Hazard - related ordinances are administered primarily
by either the DES or the CDD . The list of relevant ordinances/ regulations inc udes
Wellfield and Aquifer Protection ;
• Building Code ;
Fire Code ;
Zoning ;
Subdivision ;
Stormwater Management and Flood Protection ;
Land Clearing ;
Coastal Management;
3- 14
1%W . Coastal Construction Code ; and
Open Burning/Air Curtain Incinerator.
The Building Code requires construction east of 82nd Avenue to mee a windload
requirement of 140 mph , while in areas west of 82nd Avenue , the standard to be met is
mph ) . The regtand manatees . Itso regulates seawalls , dockst tures ,
regulatory
Ordinance
b l
has and
has protection for sea turtles
dune protection and maintenance .
The Indian River County Code Chapter 930 , addresses Stormwater Management
and Flood Protection and was last updated in February of 2003 to clarify that ali mechanical
equipment (as well as base floors) must be 6 inches above the base flood elevation in
100-year floodplains . The East Indian River County Master Stormwater Management Plan
addresses issues of flooding , erosion , and water quality in the County . The County is
proposing an ordinance modification to address construction site stormwater runoff control
through the Indian River County National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ( NPDES )
Phase II Permit process .
3 . 5 .3 County Mitigation Projects/Initiatives
There are a number of projects and initiatives the County has imple ented to
mitigate potential damage resulting from various hazards . See Table 3 . 2 for a summary of
projects and programs . Most are related to flooding and hurricanes . Through the Indian
River County Environmental Lands Program , the County has purchased a number of
,% „ important parcels in the CHHA. Most were purchased because they exhibited
environmentally significant habitat; however , the County also gains by reducing the intensity
and density of development in a high risk area , the CHHA.
Also , the County , like other local governments in Florida , has revis d its building
code since Hurricane Andrew struck south Florida in 1992 . The code now requires a finish
floor elevation at 6 inches above minimum 100-year flood level . The County' s building code
also requires corrosion resistant hurricane clips , water resistant adhesives for shingles , and
trusses manufactured in accordance with local wind models .
The County has taken a variety of actions to mitigate the impact of coastal
erosion along its shoreline . In 1996 , the County installed an offshore breakwater , the
Prefabricated Erosion Prevention reef, offshore of a 3 , 000 -foot segment of shoreline in
downtown Vero Beach that had experienced significant damage in the Thanksgiving storm
of 1984 . Since installation , the adjacent beach has stabilized . In response to Hurricanes
Floyd and Irene 1999 , the County , with funding from FEMA, placed 65 , 000 cubic yards of
sand at eight locations in the County to rebuild areas of dune that had been damaged by the
storms . In 2003 , the County completed its first large-scale beach restorationroject, placing
535 , 505 cubic yards of sand along 2 . 5 miles of beach in northern Indian Rive County , in the
only area of the barrier island subject to overwash from a Category 3 hurricane .
Private property owners have also taken measures to prevent damage from
coastal erosion . There are currently 37 seawalls and other coastal armoring structures in
Indian River County , protecting a total of 6 ,461 feet of developed property .
r•
3- 15
Table 3 . 2 . Summary of projects and programs for Indian River County .
Municipalities/Organizations
c _
O (0 N O C 32 C C .0 L (�
U V C C C N >`O O O w V 0 3 Mn
O O N .� E O E > O S O > 0 rn n
Projects/ Initiatives/ Programs/Ordinances > O U ca a)
Ea� Q - Q. '0 M0D cn
v a p O > a) a) 3 N O O a) a 4 -
M ;v U � 0 a0 aim L � o
a H H U U.
U
Acquisition of Property X X
Retrofitting of Public Facilities X X
Structural Hazard Control X X X
Stormwater Drainage
rn Beach Preservation X X
Warning Systems X X
Hazards- Specific Building Codes X X X X
Tax Incentives for Mitigation X X X
Public Information Campaigns X X X X X
Preparedness Training X X X X X
Professional Training X X X X X
Maintenance Programs X X X
Stormwater Drainage X X
Hazardous Materials Management
Emergency Operations Plan X X
Post- Disaster Redevelopment Plan X X
\.► The County' s Beach Preservation Plan , implemented in 1988 , provides long -term
strategies for coastal management and sets up a revenue source for shoreline protection
activities in Indian River County.
To inform the public about the dangers as well as measures citizen need to take
to protect their property as well as themselves , the County has prepared a hur icane
preparedness video , which is available to the public upon request . The County distributes
the video to local television stations to be used for public announcement segments to
remind the public of being prepared for the upcoming hurricane season . The ES has
various informational brochures available for general distribution to the public .
Emergency Management staff attend various conferences and seminars during
the year and are involved in emergency preparedness drills . Building inspectors are
provided opportunities to attend professional development seminars as a means of keeping
them up-to-date on new construction methods that mitigate the effects of hazards .
The County Community Development Department engages in a number of
mitigation activities including the following :
• Abandoned artesian well plugging program ;
• Environmental Lands Program ;
NFIP Community Rating Systems Program ;
Maintenance of drainage canals and ditches ;
Annual letter to flood insurance providers ;
�r . BellSouth Yellow Pages/Phone Book Hurricane Preparedness Flood
Protection Information Pages ; and
Beach renourishment programs .
The Department of Public Works engages in a number of mitigatio 1 activities
including :
Developing and distributing stormwater awareness brochures ;
NPDES Stormwater Phase II Permits ;
East Gifford Stormwater Improvement Project;
East Gifford Middle School Science Department Adopt-a- Pond
Main Relief Canal Pollution Control Structure — Preliminary Engineering ;
South Relief Canal Pollution Control Structure — Preliminary Engineering ;
• Egret Marsh Regional Stormwater Park — Preliminary Engineering Report;
and
East Roseland Stormwater Improvement Project .
3 . 6 MUNICIPALITIES
Within Indian River County , there are five municipalities : Town of Fellsmere ,
Town of Indian River Shores , Town of Orchid , City of Sebastian , and City of Vero Beach .
There is a wide variation among each jurisdiction in terms of community character. This
difference in type of community character ( i . e . , degree of urbanization , size of population ,
location ) , affects the perception of each towards specific hazards . Certainly t ere are
hazards that all jurisdictions , regardless of the community character, have concern over --
such as flooding , hurricanes , and tornadoes . However, there are instances where
3- 17
community character definitely affects its perception of hazard priorities . In agricultural
areas , agricultural pest and disease , freezes , and drought are more likely to have relevance
as compared to the more urban areas . For example , in the Town of Orchid , times have
changed its focus from citrus production to residential development . The Town of Orchid ,
for most of its existence was owned by one family ; however , in the eighties , th family sold
its property to a development firm , thus changing the character of the Town fo 6ever, During
earlier times , Orchid 's priority listing of hazards might have looked relatively similar to
Fellsmere's , where agricultural pest and disease , drought , and freezes would generate
considerable concern . However , today , the Town of Orchid ' s prioritization of azards may
be more reflective of the Town of Indian River Shores since both communities are situated
on the barrier island , bordering both the Intracoastal Waterway on the west and the Atlantic
Ocean on the east . Now , beach erosion and shoreline stabilization may have more
significance to the Town of Orchid than previously due to the change in community
character. Being more urbanized , having significant concentrations of comme ocial and
industrial uses , and situated along major transportation corridors , communities like Vero
Beach and Sebastian have higher risk of being impacted by a wider variety of lazards than
its smaller municipal neighbors .
3 . 6 . 1 Listing of Agencies
The organizational structure of each municipality in the County diffE rs in terms of
organizational complexity and functional responsibility . The following is a brief discussion of
agencies within the municipal organizational structure that may have certain functional
responsibilities as they relate to hazard mitigation .
*%W Emergency Management. Vero Beach is the only municipality that has a staff
person who is assigned as the City's emergency management planning contact . During
emergency events , such as hurricanes , each local government has an "executive group"
(e . g . , Mayor, city manager, police chief) that coordinates the city's efforts with the DES .
Indian River Shores is the only municipality in Indian River Countyhat has its
own Fire Department. As mentioned earlier, fire service in all other parts of the County are
provided for the Indian River County Fire Department , which operates under the
administrative umbrella of the DES .
Planning. Sebastian and Vero Beach , both have planning departm nts . The
departments review zoning petitions , site plans , and other development order
(e . g . , variances , special exceptions ) , as well as administering their local comprehensive
plan . In the three smaller communities , planning has generally been assigned to a lay
planning and zoning board , and provided staff support by a building official or comparable
staff person .
Building Departments. Fellsmere , Indian River Shores , Orchid , and Sebastian
issue their own building permits . Within the City of Vero Beach , applicants secure their
building permits from the County Building Division . The County and the City of Vero Beach
operate under the same building code .
Public Works & Engineering. The City of Vero Beach has a Public Works and
Engineering Department. It is responsible for implementing structural improvements
(e . g . , storm water facility retrofit, shuttering buildings ) . The smaller jurisdictions do not have
3- 18
such a formalized structure . Most contract out for engineering services . Overseeing the
construction of capital projects is a responsibility of the contract engineer .
3 . 6 .2 Municipal Mitigation Policies and Ordinances
Municipal Comprehensive Plans. Like the County , each municipali has an
adopted Comprehensive Plan . They serve as a policy instrument for each city , and defines
the particular city' s development and redevelopment policies . All plans , with the exception
of City of Fellsmere , contain the required nine plan elements : Conservation , Coastal
Management , Infrastructure ( i . e . , potable water, sanitary sewer, stormwater m nagement ,
solid waste , natural aquifer recharge ) , Future Land Use , Housing , Recreation and Open
Space , Transportation , Intergovernmental Coordination , and Capital Improvement . Six of
the nine plan elements address hazards . Table 3 . 1 summarizes in a matrix format by
municipality , type of hazards by plan element (see page 3- 13 ) .
Each municipal comprehensive plan has been reviewed . Specific
mitigation- related objectives and policies have been identified and have been described and
cross- referenced in Appendix A.
Regardless of municipality , most hazard - related issues are addressed in four
plan elements of the Comprehensive Plan : Conservation , Future Land Use , Infrastructure ,
and Coastal Management (exception being Fellsmere) . While local governme It
comprehensive plans have a lot of similarities in their objectives and policies , there are
variations . Some of the variations are highlighted below.
Fellsmere.
• The Town plugs abandoned , free flowing artesian wells .
• The Town " shall develop an emergency response plan to handle. accidents
involving hazardous waste and shall include provisions for the protection of
natural resources . "
Note : Being a community that is not located in the coastal zone (as defined by
Chapter 380 , F . S . ) , the City of Fellsmere 's Comprehensive Plan does not contain a Coastal
Management Element ; therefore , issues relative to hurricanes and hazard mitigation are not
required to be addressed .
Town of Indian River Shores.
• After a storm , the Planning , Zoning & Variance Board becomes the Public
Facilities Review Committee , and the members are responsible for
determining the appropriate restoration/reconstruction alternatives for
damaged public facilities .
• It is the policy of the Town to maintain a contingency fund that i used as
match money for recovery activities after a storm .
• Water conservation is emphasized in the Conservation Element , Use of
native plants and water saving plumbing fixtures in new develor ments , and
prohibiting use of potable water sources for irrigation where no - potable
alternative sources are available .
3- 19
,, • Removing trees such as Australian Pines along evacuation routa.s so as to
minimize disruption of evacuation off the island .
Town of Orchid.
• Since the entire Town is in the CHHA, reduce density townwide from five
units per acre to two units per acre .
• It is the policy of the Town that there be " no net loss of flood stowage
capacity . "
• Promotes returning mosquito impoundments to their natural sta a to increase
flood storage capacity .
• Requires hurricane contingency plan for any water-dependent facility prior to
initiating operation .
City of Sebastian.
• The City participates with other Indian River County local governments in
issues that have impacts that transcend the City's political jurisdiction . Issues
include north County central water and wastewater systems and area-wide
drainage and stormwater management master plan , proposed improvements
and implementing programs .
• It is the policy of the City not to use public funds to subsidize development
within the CHHA.
• The City actively seeks to work with entities capable of providing reclaimed
water to the City and its residents for irrigation purposes .
City of Vero Beach .
Limit densities within the CHHA and direct future development outs de this area .
• It is the policy of the City to expend funds in the CHHA only for projects that
1 ) enhance and restore natural resources in the area , 2 ) relocate threatened
infrastructure away from the area , or 3 ) replace worn out or obs lete facilities .
• To promote water conservation , the City uses an inverted rate structure for
potable water, requiring water conserving plumbing fixtures , promotes
drought tolerant vegetation for landscaping , and an effluent reuse program .
• The City requires a fuel management/spill contingency plan for any new or
expanded marina .
• It is the policy of the City to limit future development on the barrier island
through the use of 1 ) building height limitation to 35 feet; 2 ) density
limitations ; 3 ) open space requirements ; and 4 ) parking restrictions .
Building Codes. The vast majority of communities in the state use the Standard
Building Code ; however, they have had the option of tailoring their local building code to
meet special local conditions . Examples of building requirements local governments have
added to their local code have included shuttering , glazing of glass , and stainless steel
hurricane clips . The following is a summary of the building codes by jurisdiction .
err
3-20
%W Fellsmere . The Town 's building code has incorporated provisions that require
brace gable and roof framing , corrosion resistant hurricane clips , and trusses manufactured
in accordance with local wind models .
Indian River Shores . The Town 's Building Code includes key haza d -specific
provisions . They include brace gable end roof framing , corrosion resistant huripicane clips ,
and pressure positively treated lumber . The Town ' s code requires structures to meet the
140 mph windload . In addition , the Town has modified its Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance by raising the base floor elevation .
Orchid . Orchid ' s Building Code includes key hazard -specific provis ons . They
include brace gable end roof framing , corrosion resistant hurricane clips , and pressure
positively treated lumber. According to the code , all construction must meet the Town ' s
130 mph windload requirement . The finished floor elevation is more stringent than the one
recommended by FEMA .
Sebastian . The City's Building Code is patterned after the Standard Building
Code . It contains key hazard -specific provisions , such as brace gable end roof framing ,
water resistant adhesives for shingles , and trusses manufactured to withstand a maximum
windload of 130 mph . Also , the City requires that the finished floor elevation ba. 19 inches
above minimum 100-year flood .
Vero Beach . The City does not issue building permits . They contr ct with Indian
River County . Development within the City that takes place east of 82nd Avenue must be
built to withstand 140 mph windload ; while in areas to the west of 82nd , builders are held to a
lesser standard , 130 mph since the area is not immediately fronting on the AtIE ntic Ocean .
The City requires finished floor elevation to be 18 inches above the minimum 100-year flood
level in the Flood Insurance Rate Map ( FIRM ) "V" zone (see Table 4. 2 for an Explanation of
zone codes ) .
Other Ordinances. All the municipalities partner in the County' s we [field
protection ordinance . Also , each has provisions in their development code that require
buffering between proposed development areas and adjacent wetlands and natural areas .
Each jurisdiction has emergency water conservation ordinances in effect .
The City of Sebastian has adopted a controlled burn ordinance sup orting
burning under certain conditions . In becoming CRS qualified in 1998 , the City enacted a
Flood Damage Prevention ordinance .
The City of Vero Beach has adopted a Flood Damage Prevention a d Drainage
Ordinance . Recently , the City amended the ordinance to require any new building within the
FEMA FIRM "V" zone be constructed with a finished floor elevation 18 inches above the
100-year Base Flood Elevation . It also requires a stormwater drainage plan for all new
construction .
3 . 6 . 3 Municipal Mitigation Projects/Initiatives
An LMS datasheet was prepared and distributed to all participating ocal
governments as a means to inventory and assemble data on mitigation projects and
'�.► initiatives each governmental entity had or is implementing . Projects are capital
improvements , while initiatives can include purchase of property to upgraded building codes
3-21
to incentives to public information campaigns to preparedness training and drills to
1%W to
development seminars . Existing municipal hazard mitigation projects and
programs are summarized in Table 3 . 2 (see page 3 - 16 ) . The following provides a brief
discussion of the accomplishments of each jurisdiction .
Town of Fellsmere. In 1997 , the Town paved and improved the drainage
systems along several streets . Also , the Town carries out regularly scheduled maintenance
of its stormwater drainage system .
Being a non -coastal jurisdiction , the Town 's Comprehensive Plan does not
contain a coastal management element ; therefore , there is no focus on disaster
preparedness issues such as hurricanes or flooding as coastal communities must address in
their coastal management elements .
The Town is in the NFIP , and has been a participant in the CRS program since
1999 . Fellsmere currently has a CRS rating of 8 , which enables residents to receive a
10 % reduction in their NFIP rates . Fellsmere is thus eligible to receive funding from the
NFIP's Flood Mitigation Program to correct drainage problems .
Town of Indian River Shores. In Indian River Shores , both the Town Hall and
Public Safety Offices have been shuttered for many years . Over the past 5 years the Town
has taken other steps to become more disaster resistant. In 1996 , a drainage structure was
constructed to divert stormwater runoff from direct discharge to the Indian River to discharge
to a mosquito impoundment . The Town is working with the Florida Department of
Transportation to rectify a flooding problem that occurs along SR A1A , immediately in front
`W of the Town Hall within fiscal year 1998-99 .
Indian River Shores is in the NFIP . The Town also participates in t e NFIP CRS
program . Based on the activities that the Town undertakes to mitigate flood damage , the
Town has a CRS rating of 8 . A rating of 8 enables Indian River Shores residents to receive a
10 % reduction in their NFIP rates . In addition , the Town is eligible to seek FMA funds to be
used to remedy flooding problems .
The Town has an Emergency Operations Plan and conducts two hurricane
evacuation drills each year. Building officials frequently attend seminars and conferences to
advance skills and increase their knowledge of building construction techniques as they
relate to hurricanes and flooding .
The Town distributes leaflets and pamphlets to promote and inform their
residents about steps that they can take to reduce potential damage resulting from
hurricanes and flooding .
Town of Orchid. Orchid has no emergency operations plan . It adheres to the
County Emergency Operations Plan . Annually, the Town conducts two mock hurricane
drills .
City of Sebastian . The City has taken a number of actions to reduce its
vulnerability to hazards . They include capital projects such as , shuttering City Hall Complex ,
and installing a new emergency power generator at the city maintenance garage .
Improvements to North Bridge , which crosses the Sebastian River are under construction ,
3-22
The City has prepared a hazmat spill plan that ensures for a coordinated , effective response
to spills of hazardous substances should such an event occur.
Sebastian is in the NFIP , and in 1997 , the City entered the CRS program . Based
on the 1 , 036 the City scored on its CRS evaluation , it received a rating of 8 . A rating of
9 enables Sebastian residents to receive a 5 % reduction in their NFIP rates .
Sebastian does not have a citywide Emergency Operations Plan . However,
should an emergency occur , the city conducts emergency operations from the Sebastian
Police Station . The station has an emergency power supply , has hurricane shutters , and is
not in a flood prone area . While the city does not have an official post-disaster
redevelopment plan , the issue of redevelopment is discussed in the Coastal Management
Element of the Comprehensive Plan .
In terms of preparedness , every 2 weeks the city Public Works Department
conducts tests of their power generators .
Members of the Building Department do attend professional training sessions .
They include the yearly conference for Building Officials of Florida , as well as courses on
hurricane resistant structural design , and roofing updates , and fire resistance .
City of Vero Beach. The City of Vero Beach has undertaken nume -ous capital
projects to retrofit city critical facilities . The City has installed shutters on City all , the
airport , a Public Works facility , a Transmission & Distribution facility , and the Recreation
Department.
The City administers an ongoing stormwater inspection (twice a year) and
maintenance program of the drainage ditches , catch basins , and culverts that comprise the
city's stormwater system . The Public Works Department removes all excess c ebris as
needed after major storm events .
The City is in the NFIP , participates in the NFIP's CRS program , and has a CRS
rating of 8 . A rating of 8 enables Vero Beach residents to receive a 10 % reduction in their
NFIP rates . In addition , the City is eligible to seek FMA funds to be used to rernedy flooding
problems .
In 1998 , the City completed a hurricane evacuation shelter evaluation ,
The City is active in upgrading staff skills by sending them to technical
conferences and workshops . Staff attended a conference that focused on effective disaster
recovery techniques . The County building officials , who also serve the City , attend Southern
Building Code Congress International and State- mandated continuing education programs
annually .
In terms of public information , the City has prepared and distributed a brochure
on flooding , Vero Beach Flood Information .
3 . 7 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS
Community organizations can range from faith - based organizations to Chambers
of Commerce to the local historic society . These groups represent the diverse interests
3-23
%W present within a community and provide vital services to the community as well . Many
services provided by Indian River County' s community organizations can help to achieve the
goals of hazard mitigation identified in this mitigation strategy. The following lists provide
information on services provided by organizations that work within Indian River County to
reduce the risks posed by disasters . All participating organizations of the LMS Working
Group were invited to provide information ; only those who responded are included below .
31 * 1 ARC
The ARC is active in promoting hazard preparedness and mitigatior in Indian
River County . Their efforts include
• Masters of Disasters Education Program ;
• Facing Fear Education Program ;
• Community Disaster Education ;
• Disaster Resistant Neighborhoods Program ;
• Disaster Drills ;
• Evaluation of structures to be used as shelters ;
• Conduct volunteer training courses ;
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ( CPR) and First Aid courses ;
• Disaster planning assistance to local businesses ; and
• Hurricane preparedness and mitigation fliers .
3 . 8 INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION
�r
Disasters know no boundaries ; governments and service providers must work
together to strengthen communities against the loss of life and property . An essential
element of the hazard mitigation process is intergovernmental coordination . C Dordination is
important not only horizontally at the local level between County , municipalities , non- profit
organizations , and the private sector, but also vertically with key State and Fec eral
agencies . Besides the potential of the LMS initiative , there are several other c Dordination
mechanisms that already exist . They are described briefly below.
3 . 8 . 1 Metropolitan Planning Organization °
The Metropolitan Planning Organization , commonly known as the MPO ,
coordinates local , State , and Federal funding for thoroughfare improvements , The policy
board is comprised of elected officials from the County and five municipalities . Two key
policy documents of the MPO are the long - range transportation plan and the 5--year
transportation improvement plan (TIP ) . The TIP identifies and schedules all future roadway
improvements in the near-term . The MPO is housed in the Indian River County Community
Development Department .
3 . 8 . 2 Local Government Comprehensive Plans
One mechanism to achieve intergovernmental coordination is the local
comprehensive plan . As previously described , each comprehensive plan contains an
intergovernmental coordination plan element .
3-24
3 . 8 . 3 Indian River County Comprehensive Emergency Plan
A second mechanism that has relevance , is the County's CEMP . Tie CEMP
must be integrated into and coordinated with emergency management plans aid programs
of the State and Federal government . It is operations-oriented and addresses evacuation in
terms of local and regional evacuation , public shelter, post-disaster response and recovery ,
rapid deployment of resources , communications and warning systems , traininc exercises ,
and agency responsibilities . These responsibilities are clearly defined as 19 Emergency
Support Functions ( ESFs ) ( ESF functions - Table 3 . 3 ) . Each ESF is headed by a lead
agency , which has been selected based on its authorities , resources , and capabilities in the
functional area . The ESFs also serve as the primary mechanism through which outside
assistance to Indian River County is coordinated .
Table 3 . 3 . Emergency Support Functions ( ESFs ) and their designations .
Emergency Support Function Designation
Transportation ESF - 1
Communications ESF - 2
Public Works and Engineering ESF - 3
Firefighting ESF - 4
Information and Planning ESF - 5
Mass Care ESF - 6
Resource Support ESF - 7
Health and Medical Services ESF - 8
Search and Rescue ESF - 9
Hazardous Materials ESF - 10
Food and Water ESF - 11
Energy and Utilities ESF - 12
Military Support ESF - 13
Public Information ESF - 14
Volunteers and Donations ESF - 15
Law Enforcement and Security ESF - 16
Animal Care ESF - 17
Special Needs Care ESF - 18
Emergency Medical Services ESF - 19
3 . 8 . 4 District X Local Emergency Planning Committee
The LEPC is an important vehicle to coordinate administering regional
compliance with hazardous materials reporting and training laws . The TCRPC provides staff
to administer the activities of the Committee .
*4w
3-25
3 . 8 . 5 State Emergency Management Plan
The State of Florida CEMP establishes the framework of a coordination system
to ensure that the state of Florida will be prepared to respond to the occurrence of
emergencies and disasters . The plan describes roles and responsibilities of State agencies ,
special districts , local governments , and voluntary organizations . The CEMP unites the
efforts of these groups for a comprehensive approach . The plan is divided into three
sections .
The Basic Plan : Outlines how the state will assist counties in
response , recovery , and mitigation of disasters ;
details responsibility at various levels of
government ; describes method of operations and
financial management policies ; ensures continuity
of government ; and addresses recov ry issues .
Specific Response/ Recovery Actions : These actions are unique to a specifi hazard and
take the place of the Basic Plan and Response
Functions sections .
Response Functional Annexes : Present the State' s strategies for disaster response
by outlining ESFs . ESFs are structured from the
Federal Response Plan .
3 .9 STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT
As has been described in the text , local governments in Indian River County
have taken steps to strengthen themselves both in terms of capital facility improvements
and ordinances , regulations , and programs . Becoming more disaster- resistant is not limited
just to hardening of structures . There are a number of activities that the County and
municipalities can undertake to strengthen the role of local governments and to lessen the
impacts resulting from emergency events that do not require expending money on capital
projects . Plans can be modified , laws and regulations can be amended , infor ational
materials can be published and distributed , and professional training can be a igmented .
Ideas were generated from a variety of sources : interviews with local jurisdictions , and
information generated from LMS datasheets , the LMS Steering Committee , arid discussions
with local governments . The suggestions resulting from the various discussions with local
government include
1 ) Projects on the LMS PPL should be incorporated into local government
capital improvement elements (CIEs ) located in the compreherlsive plans , at
the time the CIEs are reviewed on an annual basis in accordance with
Section 163 . 3177 (3 ) (a ) , F . S .
2 ) As permitted under Section 163 . 3177 ( 7 ) ( h ) & ( I ) , F . S . , local governments
could incorporate optional comprehensive plan element for public safety , or
a hazard mitigation/post-disaster redevelopment plan ;
3 ) Integrating the LMS into the Indian River County CEMP .
3-26
I NNW
4 ) Making all communities CRS eligible ( Fellsmere and Orchid are in the NFIP
program , but not in the CRS program ) ;
5 ) Assessing existing CRS programs to determine ways to strengthen and
improve the local jurisdiction ' s CRS rating ;
6 ) Requesting technical assistance from the Treasure Coast Regional Planning
Council to augment CRS ;
7 ) Designing and implementing a hazard mitigation retrofit program ;
8 ) Monitoring the outcome of the Florida Building Commission . Beprepared to
evaluate the existing building code , identify deficiencies , and recommend
desired changes to strengthen the existing building code ;
9 ) The designing and bidding of all public building construction , whether it be
new construction or renovation of older public structures , should incorporate
hazard mitigation building practices , whenever financially feasi le ;
10 ) Requiring all mobile home parks to retrofit a community space engineered to
withstand Category 3 hurricane windloads and an F2 tornado . An adequate
warning system needs to be incorporated into the retrofit. Such a structure
would then provide the mobile home park residents a "safe haven refuge"
should such an event occur. Once constructed , the mobile home park
administration should conduct mock drills to familiarize the residents with the
procedure they need to follow should the occasion arise that they would
need to evacuate to the " safe haven refuge . "
11 ) Implementing a "safe room" requirement in the local building codes that
addresses , not only new construction , but renovation as well ;
12 ) All jurisdictions should prepare and adopt post-disaster redeve opment
plans .
13 ) Getting year-round coverage in the local media to get the message out to
people , not only that it is important to be prepared , but also to sell the idea
the hazard mitigation saves dollars in the end .
14 ) Working with the private sector to develop procedures that ensure
coordination and mutual support between the County and business
community , before , during , and after a disaster event .
15 ) Helping the private sector prepare a " business contingency handbook" and
provide support in holding training workshop for local business owners .
3 . 10 PRIVATE SECTOR BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS
During events such as hurricanes , there can be massive disruption of the local
economy. However, due to the lack of frequency over the past 20 years , even with
Hurricane Andrew in 1992 , people have become somewhat complacent about such events .
This also is reflected in the business community . The large firms like Florida Light & Power,
3-27
Southern Bell , Piper Aircraft , Publix, as well as the banking community have prepared
contingency plans in event of such an event . It is primarily among the smaller businesses
where hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness have minimal attention . September 11 'h
has again raised the awareness among the business community of the need to be prepared .
As part of the LMS effort, the Indian River County DES extended i vitations to
the business community to participate as a member of the LMS Working Group . Florida
Light & Power Company , the ARC - Indian River County Chapter, and Southern Bell
Telephone Company have been active in the planning effort . However, keysectors of the
community were not represented such as finance , agriculture , medical , building supply , as
well as Council on Aging , Piper Aircraft (a major local employer) , The Indian River
CountyNero Beach Chamber of Commerce , and the Sebastian Chamber of Commerce .
There is a definite need to augment private sector involvement before the private sector can
become a player in the community' s hazard mitigation efforts . The most important activity
that needs to be implemented is an LMS Private Sector Subcommittee .
There are a number of activities in which the private sector can become involved
in the LMS effort; however, the first and foremost obstacle has been energizing the interest
of businesses to become involved in the process in the first place . In most communities ,
there are businesses that clearly understand that it is in their interest to develop a hazard
mitigation plan prior to an actual event occurring . These are the organizations that need to
become the core private sector group that spreads the word about the importance of " being
prepared , " taking steps and creating a plan before the disaster occurs . The private sector
body needs to be developing materials that raise awareness and educate businesses of the
need to be prepared for potential disasters that may occur.
It is envisioned that expanding the roles and responsibilities of private sector
businesses in disaster events , beyond those that have historically been involved , will require
educating businesses of the importance of hazard mitigation planning . Besides awareness
and education , other roles that businesses can assume to strengthen private sector
involvement in the LMS include business contingency planning and creating a private sector
- emergency support function (a procedure to assist the business community c uring a
disaster event) . Not only does the business community benefit, but the community as a
whole benefits as well . Both activities would mitigate against the local economy becoming
disrupted following a disaster. A key element in mobilizing the private sector, and an initial
task of the Private Sector Subcommittee would be the development of an "Action Plan " that
sets out a list of priority activities the Subcommittee would like to achieve in the coming year.
3-28
4 . 0 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION , VULNERABILITY , AND RISK
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the hazards facing Indian River County
in terms of potential impact , vulnerability , and loss . The hazards faced in Indian River
County fit into three general classifications : natural , technological , and societal hazards .
Natural hazards include floods , hurricanes/tropical storms , tornadoes , thunderstorms ,
lightning , wildland fires , muck fires , extreme temperatures , soil/beach erosion , severe
droughts , seismic hazards ( including earthquakes , sinkholes , and dam and levee failures ) ,
agricultural pests and diseases , and epidemics . Tsunamis are not addressed in this plan
because of the low probability of occurrence . According to the State Natural azard
Mitigation Plan , only four tsunamis have impacted Florida since 1886 . Technological
hazards include radiological accidents , power failures , hazardous materials a M.cidents ,
transportation system accidents , wellfield contaminations , communication fail ires , and
unexploded military ordnance . Societal hazards include terrorism and sabotage , civil
disturbance , and immigration crises .
The hazard identification subsections for each hazard describe the hazard and
provide historical events and impacts if available . When available , maps are rovided to
illustrate the location and extent of the hazards . Disasters are classified by the magnitude of
their effect. The recognized classification system is as follows ( Indian River County
Department of Emergency Services , 2002) :
• Minor Disaster: Any disaster that is likely to be within the response
capabilities of local government and results in only minimal need for State or
Federal assistance .
• Major Disaster: Any disaster that will likely exceed local capabilities and
require a broad range of State and Federal assistance . The FEMA will be
notified , and potential Federal assistance will be predominant)
recovery-oriented .
• Catastrophic Disaster: Any disaster that will require massive Slate and
Federal assistance , including immediate military involvement , Federal
assistance will involve response as well as recovery needs .
The vulnerability assessment for each hazard describes the community assets
and potential impact for each hazard . A community' s vulnerability depends on the extent of
the hazard exposure and the value of potentially vulnerable assets . Higher risk areas with
higher potential damage warrant mitigation practices that are more extensive . Communities
in this situation may rely on land use and site design rather than on relatively imple
measures such as building codes and hardening existing structures . Other fa fttors that
influence vulnerability and are important for communities to consider when selecting
mitigation practices are for pre-disaster mitigation , the amount of undevelopec and
underdeveloped land , and in the case of post-disaster mitigation , the amount of developed
land within the community ( FDCA , 2003a ) . There are three types of vulnerability —
individual , social , and biophysical . Individual vulnerability describes the susceptibility of a
person or a structure to potential harm from hazards . Social vulnerability describes
demographic characteristics of social groups that make them more or less susceptible to the
adverse impacts of hazards . Biophysical vulnerability examines the distribution of
hazardous conditions arising from a variety of initiating events such as natural hazards ,
`�'' chemical contaminants , or industrial accidents ( Cutter, 2001 ) .
4- 1
�.► Factors influencing vulnerability include , but are not necessarily limited to a
community's location , type of construction , demographics , and cultural characteristics .
Table 4 . 1 lists the general hazards to which Indian River County is vulnerable and indicates
their projected impact potential across the entire spectrum of community exposure and
services . The hazards identified in Table 4. 1 and discussed here are organized based on
the maximum projected impact potential ( i . e . , hazards capable of producing the maximum
community-wide impact , such as hurricanes and floods , are discussed first) . This does not
mean other identified hazards are less important or less worthy of mitigation , only that their
potential to affect the total community is lower.
In order to effectively plan hazard mitigation projects and allocate s arce financial
resources , a community' s vulnerability to a specific hazard must be coupled w th other
critical factors to perform a risk assessment.
Risk , or the probability of loss depends on three elements :
1 ) Frequency — How frequently does a known hazard produce an impact within
the community? ;
2 ) Vulnerability — How vulnerable is a community to the impacts produced by a
known hazard ? ; and
3 ) Exposure — What is the community' s exposure in terms of life and property to
the impacts produced by a specific hazard ?
Once these three factors are established , the risk level faced by a community
W4 "' with regard to any specific hazard can be calculated using the " Risk Triangle" approach
( Crichton , 1999 ; see Figure 4 . 1 ) .
In this approach , these three factors become the sides of a triangle and the risk
or probability of loss is represented by the triangle ' s area ( Figure 4. 1 a ) . The larger the
triangle , the higher the community' s risk with respect to a given hazard . If a community
reduces any of these three factors , they reduce their risk of potential for loss . or example ,
if a community reduces its exposure to hurricanes , as has actually happened historically , by
moving from a barrier island to the mainland , they will reduce their exposure and therefore
their risk of loss ( Figure 4 . 1 b ) . Likewise , if a community reduces its vulnerability to
hurricanes by strengthening its buildings , it also will reduce its risk of loss ( Figure 4 . 1c) .
In terms of natural hazards , there is very little if anything that can be done to
change the frequency with which they produce impacts in a community . Mitigation planning
relative to those hazards must therefore focus on reducing the community' s vulnerability or
exposure . In terms of technological and societal hazards , the most cost-effective type of
mitigation is to limit or reduce the frequency with which such hazards actually ) ccur.
At the time of publication , detailed risk assessments were only available for
floods and hurricanes . Data sources used to prepare the hazard vulnerability and risk
assessments are documented in Appendix D .
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X X X X X X X X X X X Economic disruption
X X X X Disruption of community services
X X X X X X X Agricultural/fisheries damages
X X X X X X X X Damage to critical environmental resources
X X Damage to identified historical resources
X X X X X X Fire
X X X X X Toxic releases
X X X X Stormwater drainage impairment
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X X Potable water system loss or disruption
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X X X X X X X X Economic disruption
X X X X X X X X Disruption of community services
Agricultural/fisheries damages
X X Damage to critical environmental resources
X Damage to identified historical resources
X X Fire
Aftk
X X X Toxic releases
Stormwater drainage impairment
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FREQUENCY FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
(a) Area of triangle represents ( b) One element of risk such as (c) More then one element of risk
probability of loss - The larger exposure can be reduced and can be reduced and therefore
the triangle the higher therefore the overall probability the overall probability of loss is
probability of loss . of loss is reduced . even greater reduced .
Figure 4 . 1 . Risk triangle .
4 . 1 NATURAL HAZARDS
Indian River County is susceptible to a number of natural hazards with the
potential to cause extensive damage within the community . The cost of responding to and
recovering from these disasters has proven to be significant . Planning for these events
before they occur can significantly reduce costs in the future . This subsection w II now
identify those hazards in Indian River County identified as being naturally occurr ng .
4al A Flooding
4. 1 . 9 . 1 Hazard Identification
In Indian River County, several variations of flood hazards occur due to the
different effects of severe thunderstorms , hurricanes , seasonal rains , and other
weather- related conditions . For the majority of the County , the primary causes of flooding
are hurricanes or tropical storms . However, the County's low-lying topography , combined
with its subtropical climate , make it vulnerable to riverine as well as storm -associated
flooding .
Flooding in Indian River County results from one or a combination of both of the
following meteorological events :
1 ) Tidal surge associated with northeasters , hurricanes , and tropica storms ; and
2 ) Overflow from streams and swamps associated with rain runoff.
When intense rainfall events occur, streams and drainage ditches tend to reach
peak flood flow concurrently with tidal water conditions associated with coastal storm surge .
This greatly increases the probability of flooding in the low-lying areas of the coastal zone .
Areas along the Indian River are particularly susceptible to flooding under, these conditions .
The most flood prone areas in the eastern portion of the County feature poorly drained soils ,
a high water table , and relatively flat terrain , all of which contribute to their flooding
problems . Flat terrain and heavily wooded areas aggravate flood problems by preventing
rapid drainage in some areas .
Riverine flooding occurs when the flow of rainwater runoff exceeds the carrying
capacities of the natural drainage systems . During extended periods of heavy rainfall ,
certain low-lying neighborhoods within the County are subject to considerable flood damage
and isolation caused by the inability of natural and mechanical drainage systems to
effectively remove the water. Heavy rainfalls can cause considerable damage t County
infrastructure including roadbeds , bridges , drainage systems , and the water supply.
The buildup of uncontrolled sediment contributes to the problem of inadequate
drainage in natural and mechanical drainage systems . When a storm produces an
overwhelming amount of stormwater runoff, the accumulation of loose sediment causes
flooding by clogging the drainage systems . This buildup of sediment in Indian River County
waterways has lead to the degradation of the national estuary . The County is currently
working to address this issue by replacing bottom opening radial gates with tilting gates at
four water control structures .
Long -term climate monitoring stations indicate that rainfall in Indian River County
averages about 51 . 5 inches annually , with about half of this volume occurring during the
4-6
4 months from June through September. Only about 20 % of the total annual volume of
precipitation occurs during the four driest months , December through March . The maximum
annual rainfall that has been recorded for the Vero Beach climatological station is
81 . 74 inches , ( Indian River County Public Works , 2002 ) .
In comparison to riverine flooding , coastal flooding is usually the result of a
severe weather system such as a tropical storm or hurricane . The damaging effects of
coastal floods are caused by a combination of storm surge , wind , rain , erosion and
battering by debris . All coastal property and inhabitants are subject to severe damage and
loss of life resulting from floods caused by hurricane-associated storm surge . Some coastal
property , road arteries , and bridge approaches are subject to severe flooding caused by rare
astronomical tides as well .
Historical Flooding Events. Data on previous occurrences of flooding events in
municipalities are limited ; therefore , the following events are based on the bes available
data .
Hurricane of September 1928 . This hurricane made Florida landfall near the City
of Palm Beach as a strong Category 4 hurricane with one of the lowest barometric
pressures ever recorded in this area ( 928 . 9 millibars [27 . 43 inches] ) . It reached Lake
Okeechobee with very little decrease in intensity . In all , 1 , 836 people were killed and
another 1 , 870 injured during this storm ' s passage . Nearly all the loss of life was in the
Okeechobee area and was caused by overflowing of the lake along its southwestern shore .
Hurricane of September 1933. This major Category 3 hurricane passed over
Jupiter Island with a barometric pressure of 947 . 5 millibars (27 . 98 inches ) . Maximum winds
recorded were 127 mph . There was considerable property damage all along tie Florida
east coast, mostly in the area between Jupiter and Ft . Pierce . Severe waterfront damage
was reported in Stuart , located in Martin County .
Flood of 1947. This flood is generally considered to be the most severe flood
recorded in southern Florida . Heavy rainfall , including the rains from two hurricanes ,
occurred over a period of 5 months . Many parts of Martin County , to the south , were
flooded for months , and there was extensive damage to dairy pastures and agriculture in
general . Such a flooding event in Indian River County would be much more si nificant
today because of the increase in land development along the eastern side oft e County .
Hurricane of August 1949 . This Category 3/Category 4 hurricane made landfall
in Florida between Delray and Palm Beach with winds of 130 mph and a barometric
pressure of 954 . 0 millibars (28 . 17 inches ) . As it moved inland , its center passed over the
northern part of Lake Okeechobee . The levees in that area held , and no major flooding
occurred . Damages in Florida were estimated at $45 million . Tides of 11 . 3 feet at
Ft. Pierce , 8 . 5 ft at Stuart , and 6 . 9 ft at Lake Worth were reported . Statewide , over
500 people lost their homes as a result of this storm .
Flood of 1953. As occurred in 1947 , this flood was preceded by 5 months of
heavier than normal rainfall , which included a tropical storm in October. June through
October rainfall was approximately 48 inches . Damage was heaviest in the beef cattle
industry , with extensive losses of improved pastureland , which required supplemental
feeding of cattle . Vegetable growers and dairy farmers also suffered significant losses as a
4-7
NW result of this flood . There were significant damages to buildings and roads in the eastern
part of the County as well .
Tropical Storm (Florence) of September 1960. Tropical Storm Florence
deposited a total of 10 to 11 inches of rain countywide over a 5-day period from 20 to
25 September 1960 . Fortunately , the previous month ' s rainfall had been rather low , and
overall flooding was not extensive . The most significantly damaged area was in the
Allapattah Marsh area north of the St . Lucie Canal . Several dike systems failed and allowed
water to overrun several ranches .
Hurricane Andrew of August 1992. Hurricane Andrew was a small and ferocious
Cape Verde hurricane that wrought unprecedented economic devastation along a path
through the northwestern Bahamas , the southern Florida peninsula , and south-central
Louisiana . Damage in the U . S . was estimated to be near 25 billion , making H irricane
Andrew the most expensive natural disaster in U . S . history . The tropical cyclone struck
southern Dade County , Florida , especially hard , with violent winds and storm surges
characteristic of a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale , and with a
central pressure ( 922 millibars ) that is the third lowest this century for a hurricane at landfall
in the U . S . In Dade County alone , the forces of Hurricane Andrew resulted in 15 deaths and
up to one-quarter million people left temporarily homeless . An additional 25 lives were lost
in Dade County from the indirect effects of Andrew . The direct loss of life seerns remarkably
low considering the destruction caused by this hurricane ( Rappaport , 1993 ) .
Flash Flood of March 1993. The City of Vero Beach experienced flash flood
following heavy rains causing minor damage in 50 homes and washed out roads around
'rr Highway 60 . The flood caused an estimated $ 500 , 000 in damages .
Tropical Storm (Gordon) of October 1994 , Indian River County experienced a
period of extensive growth during the 1970 ' s and 1980 's . Most of this growth ook place in
the form of residential and commercial land development in the eastern portion of the
County along the major transportation corridor. The rain event associated with Tropical
Storm Gordon in October 1994 was the most significant rain event to occur after this period
of development.
The Unnamed Storm of October 1995. Almost exactly 1 year after the Tropical
Storm Gordon flooding incident in 1994 , a stalled frontal system dropped 15 . 5 inches of rain
on Indian River County over a period of 39 hours .
Flooding of August 1999. The City of Sebastian experienced heavy rains in early
August that flooded roads along U . S . Highway 1 . The high water disabled six vehicles in the
area as well . The City of Vero Beach experienced heavy rains producing flooding of some
major roadways round the City in late August .
Hurricane Floyd of September 1999. This large Category 4 storm moved parallel
to the southeast Florida coast. While the storm did not make landfall in Florida , it did impact
Florida coastal communities . Peak gusts associated with the storm were estimated to be as
high as 155 mph . Fifty-seven deaths and 1 . 3 billion dollars in insured losses were attributed
to the storm . Readings taken in Ft . Pierce indicate that sustained winds were 33 mph , and
peak wind gusts were up to 49 mph . The ARC opened 7 shelters in Indian River County
`r and served 2 , 000 meals during the hurricane .
4-8
Iftw Hurricane Irene of October 1999, This Category 2 hurricane made landfall in the
Keys and moved north , heading back out to sea at the Jupiter Inlet . Insured p soperty losses
in Dade , Broward , and Palm Beach counties exceeded $ 600 million . Total ins ired losses
from the rest of the state totaled $ 200 million . Over 700 , 000 customers were I z.ft without
power following the storm . Readings taken in Ft . Pierce indicate that sustaine J winds were
42 mph , and peak wind gusts were up to 51 mph . Peak wind gusts in Vero Beach
measured 71 mph .
Tropical Storm Leslie of October 2000. This tropical storm mainly impacted
Miami - Dade and Broward counties , causing $ 700 million in damage , $500 mill on of which
were agricultural crop losses . During this storm , the City of Sebastian experie iced
significant flooding .
Hurricane Gabrielle of September 2001 . This hurricane made land all on the
west coast of Florida and traveled northeast across the state . The storm spawned a total of
18 tornadoes . Insured losses associated with this storm totaled $ 115 million . Total damage
is estimated to be nearly $230 million . Readings taken in Ft. Pierce indicate that sustained
winds reached 27 mph , and peak wind gusts were up to 37 mph . Rain meters in Ft . Pierce
indicated 1 . 97 inches of rainfall during this period .
Flooding of June 2002. The Town of Fellsmere experienced flooding from heavy
rains , which rendered some roads impassible and flooded two homes in the Ftfllsmere area .
This storm caused an estimated $ 10 , 000 in damage .
Flooding of August 2002. The City of Vero Beach experienced heavy rain
measuring about 5 inches in a few hours , which flooded streets and three houses in the
City. The storm caused an estimated $50 , 000 in damage .
4. 1 . 1 . 2 Vulnerability Assessment
Flooding events can have the following potential impacts within a c mmunity :
• Excessive water;
• Soil/beach erosion ;
• Electric power outage ;
• Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Navigable waterway impairment ;
• Potable water system loss or disruption ;
• Sewer system outage ;
• Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Economic disruption ;
• Disruption of community services ;
• Agricultural/fisheries damage ;
• Damage to critical environmental resources ;
• Damage to identified historical resources ;
• Fire ;
• Toxic releases ; and
Stormwater drainage impairment .
4-9
Figure 4. 2 illustrates the flood prone areas of Indian River County based on the
FIRMs . Two numerical models predict the effects of storm surge in Indian Ri er County .
The older model , developed by NOAH , is called the " Sea , Lake and Overland Surges from
Hurricanes" ( SLOSH ) model . Figure 4 . 3 shows the storm Category 1 , 3 , and 5 surge zones
as predicted by the SLOSH model for Indian River County . According to the Florida Coastal
Management Program , 43 . 2 % of residents in Indian River County live in the Category 1
Surge Zone .
Figure 4. 2 can be used to determine the extent of the flooding hazard in each of
the six jurisdictions represented by this plan . Overall , the flooding hazard int e
unincorporated areas of the County varies . The extreme western unincorporated portions of
the County are located in FEMA NFIP flood zones A, AE , and AO .
Table 4 .2 describes the definitions of each of the FEMA flood zones .
Table 4 . 2 . Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Zones ,
Zone Description
A An area inundated by 1 % annual chance flooding , for which no Base Flood
Elevations BFEs have been determined .
AE An area inundated by 1 % annual chance flooding , for which BF s have been
determined .
An area inundated by 1 % annual chance flooding ( usually an area of
AH ponding ) , for which BFEs have been determined ; flood depths range from 1 to
3 feet .
ANI An area not included in mapping .
AO An area inundated by 1 % annual chance flooding , for which avr= rage depths
and velocities have been determined ; flood depths range from 1 to 3 feet .
OFFFIRM An area located off of the Flood Insurance Rate Map .
UNDES A body of water, such as a pond , lake , ocean , etc. , located within a
communi 's jurisdictional limits that has no defined hazard .
VE An area inundated by 1 % annual chance flooding with velocity azard (wave
action ) ; no BFEs have been determined .
X An area that is determined to be outside the 1 % and 0 . 2% annual chance
flood plains .
An area inundated by 0 . 2 % annual chance flooding ; an area inundated by
X500 1 % annual chance flooding with average depths of less than 1 foot or with
drainage areas of less than 1 square mile ; or an area protected by levees for
1 % annual chance flooding ,
The western portions of the City of Vero Beach are in the 500-year floodplain ,
while portions of the City located to the east of the coastal ridge are located in the AE zone .
There are also portions of the barrier island in the City of Vero Beach that are subject to
wave action .
The Town of Indian River Shores , which is located entirely on the barrier island ,
has a great potential for flooding . The majority of the coastal land along the Atlantic Ocean
is subject to wave action and is located in the NFIP VE flood zone . The remai ider of the
land in Indian River Shores is located in the AE zone .
4- 10
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Rate Maps ( 1999 ) .
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Figure 4 . 3 . Areas of Indian River County vulnerable to Category 1 , 3 , and 5 storm surge based on
Sea , Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes ( SLOSH ) model projections 1999 ) .
4- 12
„`, Like Indian River Shores , the Town of Orchid is located entirely on the barrier
island and has a great potential for flooding . Coastal land along the Atlantic Ocean is
subject to wave action and is located in the NFIP VE flood zone . The remainder of the land
in Orchid is located in the AE zone .
The majority of land in the City of Sebastian is located in the X zone , or the
500-year floodplain . Lands lying adjacent to the Sebastian Creek have been identified as
being in the NFIP AE zone .
The Town of Fellsmere , located to the west of 1 - 95 , consists of interspersed lands
identified as being in the NFIP A and X flood zones .
Figure 4 . 3 can be used to determine the extent of the hurricane hazard for each
jurisdiction represented by this LMS . According to the SLOSH model , overall storm surge
risk in the County in limited to the eastern coast and lands adjacent to Sebast an Creek .
Lands adjacent to either the Atlantic Ocean or the Intercoastal Waterway areubject to
storm surge for Category 1 and higher storm events .
The SLOSH model predicts that the eastern portions of the City of Vero Beach
will be impacted by storm surge . Portions of the City located on the barrier island and the
Intercoastal Waterway will be subject to storm surge in a Category 1 hurricane . Storm surge
associated with a Category 3 storm is expected to reach several blocks west of the
Intercoastal Waterway . In a Category 5 storm , the surge is expected to impact
U . S . Highway 1 .
*4% .r Because of the Town of Indian River Shore 's location on the barrier island , land
adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and Intercoastal Waterway is expected to beimpacted by
storm surge in a Category 1 or higher event .
The Town of Orchid ' s location on the barrier island makes the potential for storm
surge great. The western portions of the Town , located on the Intercoastal Waterway , are
expected to be inundated in a Category 1 storm . The eastern portions of the own can
expect higher surge levels than the western portion of the Town during Category 3 or higher
storms .
The majority of land in the City of Sebastian is located out of the storm surge
zone . However, lands adjacent to the Intercoastal Waterway on the eastern side of the City
and lands adjacent to Sebastian Creek on the western side of the City may be at risk from
surge during Category 3 or higher storms .
The entire Town of Fellsmere is located outside of the storm surge zone .
The State of Florida is able to model hurricane storm surge as well as wind and
property damage . This model , know as The Arbiter of Storms (TAOS ) model , predicts storm
surge height and wind field intensity for Category 1 through Category 5 hurricanes .
Figure 4 .4 shows Indian River County' s storm surge vulnerability in a Category 5 hurricane
based on the TAOS model . When evaluating these data , it is important to remember the
TAOS projections are based on multiple model runs combining all the worst p ssible
hurricane paths and strikes . Consequently the TAOS projections presented here must be
considered the Maximum of Maximums ( MOM ) , or absolute worst-case scenario ,
4- 13
N
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INDIAN RI*ER COUNTY
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Road , 6 (eel above elevation 14 feet above elevation
County Boundary lid 7 feet above elevation 15 feet above elevation
®Cat 5 Storm Surge 8 feel above elevation 16 feet above elevation
9 feel above elevation 17 feet above elevation
1 foot above elevation
- 10 feet above elevation 18 feet above elevation
2 feel above elevation
- 11 feet above elevation 19 feet above elevation
3 feet above elevation
12 last above elevation 20 plus feet above elevabol
4 feet above elevation Miles
13 feet above elevation
5 feet above elevation - - -�
Figure 4 .4 . Category 5 storm surge for Indian River County based on The Arbiter of Storms modeling ( 1999 ) .
Figure 4.4 can be used to determine the extent of hurricane- related storm surge
for the individual jurisdictions in Indian River County based on the TAOS model . Surge
predictions in Figure 4 . 4 are based on a Category 5 event . Overall , unincorporated lands
adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and Intercoastal Waterway are subject to surge ranging from
5 feet above elevation to 18 feet above elevation .
Portions of the City of Vero Beach located on the barrier island and adjacent to
the Intercoastal Waterway can expect surge from a Category 5 storm to range from 5 feet
above elevation to 15 feet above elevation . Lands located along the western banks of the
Intercoastal Waterway will received the largest impact from storm surge . Western portions
of the City west of U . S . Highway 1 may be inundated with 4 to 8 feet of surge .
The entire Town of Indian River Shores will be inundated with surge. during a
Category 5 event . Surge is expected to reach up to 18 feet above elevation in all portions of
the Town .
The entire Town of Orchid will be inundated with surge during a Category 5
event . Surge is expected to reach up to 18 feet above elevation . The central portions of the
Town are slightly less at risk according to the TAOS model .
The City of Sebastian ' s location on portions of the coastal ridge makes it less
likely to experience surge in the western portions of the City . However , those lands
adjacent to the Intercoastal Waterway and Sebastian Creek may be impacted by between
1 and 13 feet of surge .
The Town of Fellsmere ' s location to the west of I -95 makes it less I kely to
experience the high surge levels found on the coastal areas in the County . Despite its
*41W location away from the coastline , the Town may experience between 1 and 8 feet of surge
during a Category 5 event . The extent of surge is fairly uniform throughout the Town .
Documented Repetitive Losses. For this analysis , documented repetitive losses
are restricted to the narrow FEMA definition and represent only those properti s whose
owners have made more than one claim on their flood insurance policies as recorded by the
NFIP . As of December 2003 , unincorporated Indian River County had a total of 14 repetitive
flood loss properties with a total of 29 claims . Total payments for building damage on these
claims was $641 , 000 , while total payments for content damage was $ 110 , 000 (Table 4 . 3 ) .
At the time of publication , no data were available for Sebastian , Fellsmere , and Indian River
Shores .
Table 4 . 3 . National Flood Insurance Program repetitive flood loss properties by jurisdiction ,
Indian River County , 2003 .
Community Number of Number of Total Building otal Content
Properties Claims Payments Payments
Indian River Count - 14 29 $641 9296 . 68 $ 110 , 777 . 22
Vero Beach * 2 5 N /A N/A
Sebastian 0 0 0 0
Fellsmere 0 0 0 0
Indian River Shores 0 1 0 0 0
Orchid Not a participant in the Community Rating System Program
Source : (Nathan McCollum , Emergency Management Coordinator - Indian River County , persc nal
communication , 2004 ) .
'As of 31 January 2000 .
N/A = not available .
4- 15
Frequencies from flooding associated with rain events other than tropical storms
and hurricanes are more difficult to estimate . Eastern Florida shows an annual dry cycle
stretching from early November through mid - May . During this part of the year , monthly
rainfall rarely exceeds 3 . 5 to 4 . 0 inches per month . The wet season , beginning in mid - May
and running through late October, shows monthly rainfall levels in the area to a 6 . 0 to
8 . 5 inches . Heaviest rainfall usually occurs in June and September. In Indian River County ,
the eastern or coastal section of the County receives more rain than the western section .
The average annual rainfall in Indian River County ranges between 50 and 55 inches . The
County sees its maximum monthly rainfall in September, and its minimal rainf II in January.
This rainfall pattern coupled with the hurricane season (June through November) makes
Indian River County particularly vulnerable to flooding associated with tropical storms and
hurricanes because they typically occur when the water table is high and the ground is
saturated . The County' s Flood Insurance Study , dated 4 May 1989 , identified the following
sources of flooding within the County:
• Sebastian Creek ;
• South Prong Creek ;
• St. Johns River;
• Elkcam Waterway — Collier Waterway ;
• Lateral G ;
• Lateral H ;
• Lateral J ;
• North Relief Canal ;
• South Relief Canal ;
• Main Relief Canal ; and
• Vero Lakes Channels A , B , C , and D .
The East Indian River County Master Stormwater Management Plan also
identified the following flood zones within the County : North Relief Canal Sub basin , Main
Relief Canal Sub- basin , and South Relief Canal Sub - basin .
North Relief Canal Sub-Basin . The second largest areas of flooding within the
Indian River Farms Water Control District ( IRFWCD ) is within the North Relief Canal
Sub-basin C- 1 . The boundaries are as follows : 65th Street to the north , 66th Avenue to the
east , 74th Avenue to the west , and 45th Street to the south . The flood elevations range from
22 to 23 feet. Another flood prone area is located along the Lateral " G " Cana , 1 /4 mile wide
from 85th Street to 65th Street. Flood elevations range from 19 to 23 feet sout i to north , in
this area . Furthermore , an area connected to the North Relief Canal by the L ateral " H "
Canal is subject to flooding . This designated zone is bounded by 45th Street on the north ,
28th Avenue on the east , 35th Avenue on the west , and 41 st Street on the sout i . Flood
elevations are between 21 and 22 feet. The flood prone areas of the northerr basin will be
addressed in detail in a subsequent phase of the Stormwater Master Plan ( Indian River
County Public Works , 2002 ) .
Main Relief Canal Sub-Basin. According to the 1988 Storm Water Management
Model , the largest area of flooding within the Main Relief Canal Sub- basin during a 10-year
storm event is connected to the Indian River Lagoon by both the Main and South Relief
*4W Canal
The approximate boundaries of this flood prone area are as follows : he Main Relief
Canal to the north , 43rd Avenue to the east , and 74th Avenue to the west . The other flood
4- 16
,%Wprone area within this sub- basin , located along the Main Relief Canal from Country Club
Drive to the Indian River Lagoon , is a portion of the IRFWCD that extends 1 mile east to
west and 1 /2 mile north to south . The flood elevations range from 6 feet at th west end to
8 feet at the junction of the Main Relief Canal to the Indian River Lagoon ( Indian River
County Public Works , 2002 ) .
South Relief Canal Sub-Basin. A portion of the largest flood prone area within
the IRFWCD is located in this sub- basin . The approximate boundaries of this flood prone
area are as follows : South Relief Canal to the north , 43rd Avenue to the east , 74th Avenue to
the west, and the St . Lucie County line to the south . The flood elevations int is area range
from 21 to 24 feet. This area floods due to the limited discharge capacity oft the relief canals
and low elevation . The other flood prone area in this sub- basin is located along the Lateral
"J " Canal ; it is a '/<- mile wide area that extends from 13th Street southeast tot e St . Lucie
County line . Flood elevations are from 19 to 21 feet ( Indian River County Public Works ,
2002 ) ,
The Department of Public Works has identified the following areas as being
chronically flooded :
35th Avenue south of 12th Street ;
U . S . Highway 1 at 10th Street;
CR 512 at North County Park ;
• 27th Avenue between 4th Street and 5th Street SW ; and
Old Dixie Highway between 4th Street and Oslo Road .
4. 1 . 1 . 3 Risk Assessment
Flooding is the single hazard producing the most recurrent impact in Indian
River County . All communities within Indian River County are highly vulnerab a to flooding ,
but they are not all vulnerable for the same reasons . The barrier island comrr unities
(Town of Orchid , Indian River Shores , and the beach side of the City of Vero each ) are
obviously highly vulnerable to storm surge damage from hurricanes . The communities of
Sebastian and Orchid , located near the Sebastian Inlet and along the Sebastian River , also
are highly vulnerable to flooding associated with hurricane winds and stormsurge . The
mainland portion of the City of Vero Beach is less vulnerable to oceanic storrr surge due to
its location between inlets . Wind packing of the water within the Indian River ay still
produce substantial flooding along the riverfront . Communities away from the water such as
Fellsmere and the urbanized areas along Route 60 west of Vero Beach are more vulnerable
to wind damage from hurricanes and flooding associated with rain rather than storm surge .
The risk assessment data for flooding in Indian River County are based on data
developed for the MEMPHIS ( Mapping for Emergency Management , Parallel Hazard
Information System ) developed by the FDCA .
Table 4 . 4 illustrates the number and value of structures in each of the
FEMA- identified flood zones . The zone with the highest number of structures structure
value , and people is the X zone , which is known as the 500-year flood . Table 4 .2 describes
the definitions of each of the FEMA flood zones .
4- 17
Table 4 . 4 . Flooding exposure in FEMA- identified flood zones , Indian River County , 2003 .
Flood one Total Number of Total Value of Total Population in
Structures Structures Flood Zone
AE 15 , 304 $218221995 , 200 24 0 , 893
X500 21648 $ 385 , 599 , 840 07 , 772
X 33 , 511 $ 33245 , 771 , 520 691003
A 11773 $441 , 895 , 424 143 , 124
ANI 2 $ 17 , 705 0
AH 19 $3 , 7182117 0
OFFFIRM 4 $ 1 , 772 , 164 51229
VE 7 $ 2 , 051 , 647 11926
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
Table 4 . 5 illustrates the total number and value of structures expected to be
flooded in given storm events . The following table provides information about the number
and value of structures subject to either wave action , flooding , or neither.
Table 4 . 5 . Flooding exposure by storm event , Indian River County , 2003 .
*4%W Exposure 100-Year Flood 50-Year Flood 25-Year Flood Fol 0-Year Flood
Total Number in 21052 689 353 0
Wave/Current
Total Number in 14 , 837 14 , 136 12 , 301 71802
Flood
Total Number in 36 , 379 38 , 443 40 , 614 45 , 466
Neither
Total Value in $ 152 , 142 , 128 $61 , 622 , 280 $35 , 4401008 N/A
Wave/Current
Total Value in $ 2 , 542 , 515 , 968 $2 , 259 , 844 , 608 $ 1 , 870 , 655 , 488 $ 1 , 259 , 951 , 488
Flood
Total Value in $4 , 20911811952 $4 , 582 , 359 , 040 $4 , 997 , 712 , 896 $ 5 , 643 , 951 , 488
Neither
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
N/A = not available .
Table 4 . 6 displays the flood exposure in Indian River County associated with the
five different hurricane intensities . The table provides information on the number and value
of structures subject to wave action and flooding .
4- 18
Table 4 . 6 . Hurricane flood exposure , Indian River County , 2003 .
Exposure Category 5 Fcategory 4 Category 3 Category 2 Category 1
Total Number
in 19 , 286 13 , 546 81620 2 335 275
Wave/Current
Total Number 28 , 563 32 , 329 23 , 078 17t534 12 , 759
in Flood
Total Number 51419 71393 21 , 57033 399 40 , 234
in Neither
Total Value in $2 , 815 , 956 , 224 $2 , 059 ,265 , 024 $ 1 , 234 , 2945656E$22=21923 , 696 $29 , 819 , 612
Wave/Current
Total Value in $3 , 0621205 , 184 $3 , 623 , 070 , 976 $3 , 152 , 670 , 208 $2 , 840 , 867 , 328 $ 1 , 932 , 205 , 312
Flood
Total Value in $ 1 , 025 , 632 , 832 $ 1 , 221 , 5071456 $2 , 51617931344 $3 , 840 , 0570600 $4 , 941 , 782 , 528
Neither
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
Table 4 . 7 provides the overall exposure by structure type in Indian River County .
Single-family homes have the highest exposure in the County .
Table 4 . 7 . Flooding exposure , Indian River County , 2004 .
.,. Rank Structure Type Expos re
1 . Single-family $3 , 159 , 37c. 456
2 . Condominia $ 11260179 , 912
3 . Orchard , Grove , Citrus $ 686 , 234 , 560
4 . Grazing Land Soil Class I $ 146 , 4612168
5 . Public Schools $ 90 , 84C , 200
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
The MEMPHIS data provide a calculation that will determine the so vings in
average annualized loss that can be experienced as a result of flood mitigatio (for example ,
raising height of structure 1 foot above base flood elevation ) . Table 4 . 8 illustrates this
calculation . The biggest mitigation gains would be to mitigate flood hazards ir single -family
and condominium structures .
Table 4 . 8 . Mitigation savings by structure type , Indian River County , 2004 .
Rank Structure Type Expected AnnL alized Loss
1 . Single-family $ 15134 1880
2 . Condominia $ 9166 1728
3 . Orchard , Grove , Citrus $ 1122A1463
4 . Other Municipal $ 68E 1698
'rrr 5 . Homes for the Aged $ 2759893
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
4- 19
4 . 1 . 2 Hurricanes/Tropical Storms
4. 1 . 2. 1 Hazard Identification
Hurricanes are tropical cyclones with winds that exceed 74 mph and blow
counter-clockwise about their centers in the Northern Hemisphere . They are essentially
heat pumping mechanisms that transfer the sun ' s heat energy from the tropical to the
temperate and polar regions . This helps to maintain the global heat budget arid sustain life .
Hurricanes are formed from thunderstorms that form over tropical oceans with surface
temperatures warmer than 81 OF (26 . 50C ) . The ambient heat in the sea ' s surface and
moisture in the rising air column set up a low pressure center and convective conditions that
allow formation of self sustaining circular wind patterns . Under the right conditions , these
winds may continue to intensify until they reach hurricane strength . This heat nd moisture
from the warm ocean water is the energy source of a hurricane . Hurricanes weaken rapidly
when deprived of their energy source by traveling over land or entering cooler waters .
When a hurricane threatens the coast, advisories are issued by thE National
Hurricane Center ( NHC ) . The storm ' s current location and intensity are descr bed along with
its projected path . Advisories are issued at 6 - hour intervals : 5 : 00 A . M . , 11 : 00 . M . ,
5 : 00 P . M . , and 11 : 00 P . M . , Eastern Time .
In addition to advisories , the NHC may issue a hurricane watch or arning . A
hurricane watch indicates that hurricane conditions are possible and may threaten the area
within 36 hours . A hurricane warning is issued when winds of at least 74 mph are to be
expected in the area within 24 hours .
Advisories and hurricane watches and warnings will frequently refer to the
category of a storm . Hurricanes are classified using the Saffir-Simpson scale as follows :
• Category 1 — Winds 74 to 95 mph ;
• Category 2 — Winds 96 to 110 mph ;
• Category 3 — Winds 111 to 130 mph ;
• Category 4 — Winds 131 to 155 mph ; and
• Category 5 — Winds > 155 mph .
Hurricane damage occurs through two means — high winds and storm surge .
Generally it is the wind that produces most of the property damage associatec with
hurricanes , while the greatest threat to life is from flooding and storm surge . Although
hurricane winds can exert tremendous pressure against a structure , a large percentage of
hurricane damage is caused not from the wind itself, but from flying debris . Tee limbs ,
signs and sign posts , roof tiles , metal siding , and other loose objects can become airborne
missiles that penetrate the outer shells of buildings , destroying their structural integrity and
allowing hurricane winds to act against interior walls not designed to withstand such forces .
Once a structure ' s integrity is breached , the driving rains associated with hurricanes can
enter the structure and completely destroy its contents .
4-20
1%W Hurricane winds are unique in several ways :
1 ) They are more turbulent than winds in most other types of storms ;
2 ) They are sustained for a longer period of time (several hours ) than any other
type of atmospheric disturbance ;
3 ) They change slowly in direction ; thus , they are able to seek out the most
critical angle of attack on a given structure ; and
4 ) They generate large quantities of flying debris as the built environment is
progressively damaged ; thus , amplifying their destructive power .
In hurricanes , gusts of wind can be expected to exceed the sustained wind
velocity by 25 % to 50 % . This means a hurricane with sustained winds of 150 mph will have
wind gusts exceeding 200 mph . The wind ' s pressure against a fixed structure increases
with the square of the velocity . For example a 100- mph wind will exert a pressure of
approximately 40 pounds per square foot on a flat surface , while a 190- mph wind will exert a
force of 122 pounds per square foot on that same structure . In terms of a 4- by 8-foot sheet
of plywood nailed over a window , there would be 1 , 280 pounds of pressure against this
sheet in a 100- mph wind , and 3 , 904 pounds or 1 . 95 tons of pressure against this sheet in a
190- mph wind .
The external and internal pressures generated against a structure vary greatly
with increases in elevation , shapes of buildings , openings in the structures , and the
surrounding buildings and terrain . Buildings at ground level experience some reductions in
wind forces simply because of the drag exerted by the ground against the lowest levels of
the air column . High- rise buildings , particularly those located along the beach ront will
receive the full strength of hurricane winds on their upper stories . Recent stuc ies estimate
that wind speed increases by approximately 37 % just 15 feet above ground level .
The wind stream generates uplift as it divides and flows around a structure . The
stream following the longest path around a building , generally the path over the roof, speeds
up to rejoin the wind streams following shorter paths , generally around the wa Is . This is the
same phenomenon that generates uplift on an aircraft' s wing . The roof in effect becomes an
airfoil that is attempting to "take off' from the rest of the building . Roof vortexes generally
concentrate the wind ' s uplift force at the corners of a roof. These key points can experience
uplift forces two to five times greater than those exerted on other parts of the roof.
Once the envelope of the building has been breached through the loss of a
window or door, or because of roof damage , wind pressure on internal surfaces becomes a
factor . Openings may cause pressurizing or depressurizing of a building . Pressurizing
pushes the walls out , while depressurizing will pull the walls in . Internal press re coupled
with external suction adds to the withdrawal force on sheathing fasteners . Damages from
internal pressure fluctuations may range from blowouts of windows and doors to total
building collapse due to structural failure .
During Hurricane Andrew, catastrophic failure of one- and two-sto wood -frame
buildings in residential areas was observed more than catastrophic failures in other types of
buildings . Single-family residential construction is particularly vulnerable because less
engineering oversight is applied to its design and construction . As opposed to hospitals and
public buildings , which are considered "fully engineered , " and office and industrial buildings ,
` ftw which are considered " marginally engineered , " residential construction is considered
" non -engineered . " Historically , the bulk of wind damage experienced nationwide has
4-21
occurred to residential construction . Fully engineered construction usually performs well in
high winds due to the attention given to connections and load paths .
Hurricane winds generate massive quantities of debris that can easily exceed a
community' s entire solid waste capacity by three times or more . Debris removal is an
integral first step toward recovery , and as such , must be a critical concern of call those tasked
with emergency management and the restoration of community services .
A storm surge is a large dome of water often 50 to 100 miles wide and rising
anywhere from 4 to 5 feet in a Category 1 hurricane and up to 20 feet in a Category 5 storm .
The storm surge arrives ahead of the storm ' s actual landfall , and the more intense the
hurricane is , the sooner the surge arrives . Water rise can be very rapid , posing a serious
threat to those who have waited to evacuate flood prone areas . A storm surg is a wave
that has outrun its generating source and become a long period swell . The SL rge is always
highest in the right-front quadrant of the direction the hurricane is moving in . As the storm
approaches shore , the greatest storm surge will be to the north of the hurrica a eye .
Such a surge of high water topped by waves driven by hurricane force winds can
be devastating to coastal regions . The stronger the hurricane and the shallower the
offshore water, the higher the surge will be . In addition , if the storm surge arrives at the
same time as the high tide , the water height will be even greater. The storm tide is the
combination of the storm surge and the normal astronomical tide .
Damage during hurricanes also may result from possible spawned tornadoes ,
and inland flooding associated with heavy rainfall that usually accompany these storms .
Hurricane Andrew, a relatively "dry" hurricane , dumped 10 inches of rain onsouth Florida
and left many buildings extensively water damaged . Rainwater may seep into gaps in roof
sheathing and saturate insulation and ceiling drywall , in some cases causing ceilings to
collapse .
Crop damage is another powerful effect of hurricanes and tropical storms ,
Recently , Tropical Storm Mitch dropped as much as 10 inches of rain in some south Florida
areas , which resulted in approximately $20 million in crop damage in Palm Beach County
alone (Associated Press , 1998 ) . According to the University of Florida (2001 ) of Indian
River County's 322 , 112 acres , 168 , 399 acres are farmland . With 52 % of its land area being
farmed , Indian River County is particularly vulnerable to crop damage resulting from the
wind and rain from hurricanes and tropical storms .
Historic Events. Specific information on previous occurrences of hurricanes and
tropical storms is located in the flooding section . From 1930 through 1959 , a otal of
58 hurricanes struck the U . S . mainland ; 25 of which were Category 3 or higher ( major
storms ) . Between 1960 and 1989 , 43 hurricanes struck the U . S . ; 16 of which were
Category 3 or stronger. Most hurricane experts feel we are entering a period of increased
hurricane formation similar to the levels seen in the 1930 ' s and 1940 ' s . Current hurricane
risk calculations are complicated by climatic factors suggesting the potential for even greater
hurricane frequency and severity in all of the world ' s hurricane spawning grou ids . Since
1995 , there have been 33 Atlantic hurricanes , and there were 10 in 1998 alone . Global
warming may cause changes in storm frequency and the precipitation rates associated with
storms . A modest 0 . 9 ° F (0 . 5 ° C ) increase in the mean global temperature will add 20 days to
the annual hurricane season and increase the chances of a storm making landfall on the
U . S . mainland by 33 % . The warmer ocean surface also will allow storms to increase in
4-22
�.. intensity , survive in higher latitudes , and develop storm tracts that could shift farther north ,
producing more U . S . landfalls .
Currently an average of 1 . 6 hurricanes strike the U . S . every year. Severe
( Category 4 or 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale ) hurricanes strike the U . S . on the average of
one every 5 . 75 years . Annually , hurricanes are estimated to cause approxim tely
$ 1 . 2 billion in damages . The proximity of dense population to the Atlantic OCE an , as well as
the generally low coastal elevations , significantly increases the County' s vulnerability , The
potential for property damage and human casualties in Indian River County hce s increased
over the last several decades primarily because of the rapid growth this County has
experienced since 1970 , particularly along the vulnerable coastline areas .
Since 1886 , 51 storms of hurricane intensity have passed within 125 miles of
Indian River County . This represents an average of one hurricane every 2 years . The
number of direct hits on the southeastern Florida coastline between 1899 and 1999 has
been as follows :
• Category 1 Storms (winds 74 to 95 mph ) = 5 storms (4 % annual probability) ;
• Category 2 Storms (winds 96 to 110 mph ) = 10 storms ( 10% annual
probability) ;
• Category 3 Storms (winds 111 to 130 mph ) = 7 storms (7 % annual
probability) ;
• Category 4 Storms (winds 131 to 155 mph ) = 6 storms ( 6 % annual
probability) ; and
Category 5 Storms (winds > 155 mph ) = 1 storm ( 1 % annual probability)
For many years , the risk of significant loss of life and property due to hurricanes
seemed small . Many , if not the majority of existing homes and business along the
U . S . Atlantic and Gulf Coasts were located there during the 1970 ' s and 1980 ' s , a period of
relatively inactive hurricane formation . Most of the people currently living and working in
coastal areas have never experienced the impact of a major hurricane . Hurri anes that
impacted Florida during the 1970 ' s and 80 ' s were infrequent and of relatively ow intensity .
Homeowners , business interest , and government officials grew to regard hurr cane risk as
manageable by private insurance supplemented occasionally by Federal disc ter funding
and subsidized flood insurance . The hurricane risk did not seem sufficient to Narrant
increased investment in mitigation . Two major hurricanes , Hugo in 1989 and Andrew in
1992 , forced a re-evaluation of this risk assessment . While experts sometimes disagree on
the annual cost, all sources agree that Hurricane Andrew was the most costly hurricane
event ever to affect the U . S . Insured losses from Hurricane Andrew topped $ 17 billion , and
most sources agree that the total cost of Hurricane Andrew exceeded $ 25 bill on .
Florida is the most vulnerable state in the nation to the impacts of hurricanes and
tropical storms . South Central Florida is particularly exposed to the dangers presented by
hurricanes due to its topography . The region is largely a flat , low- lying plain . The potential
for property damage and human casualties in Indian River County has been increased by
the rapid growth of the County over the last few decades , particularly along the coastline .
Population risk also has been exacerbated by some complacency due to the recent period
of reduced hurricane frequency .
*4%W
4-23
Florida not only has the most people at risk from hurricanes , but it Iso has the
most coastal property exposed to these storms . Over the 20-year period between 1980 and
2000 , Florida ' s population increased by 68 % , while the value of insured residential property
rose from $ 178 billion in 1980 to $882 billion in 2002 , an increase of 395 % . BM.tween 1980
and 1993 , the insured value of commercial property increased 192 % , from $ 1 5 billion to
$453 billion .
4. 1 . 2. 2 Vulnerability Assessment
Hurricane events can have the following potential impacts within a community :
• Excessive wind ;
• Excessive water;
• Soil/beach erosion ;
• Electric power outage ;
• Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Navigable waterway impairment ;
• Potable water system loss or disruption ;
• Sewer system outage ;
• Telecommunications system outage ;
• Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Economic disruption ;
• Disruption of community services ;
• Agricultural/fisheries damage ;
• Damage to critical environmental resources ;
Damage to identified historical resources ;
• Fire ;
• Toxic releases ; and
• Stormwater drainage impairment .
Figure 4. 5 graphically illustrates the expected wind fields across I than River
County during a Category 5 hurricane based on the TAOS model . Hurricanes have
historically altered the depth and location of the Sebastian Inlet ( Florida Tech , 2003 ) . The
TAOS model also has the ability to predict debris accumulated per acre . The result of this
analysis for Indian River County is found in Table 4 . 9 . For the unincorporated County , the
data range from 46 , 037 . 9 cubic yards per acre for a tropical storm to 18 , 821 , 224 cubic yards
per acre for a Category 5 hurricane .
Table 4 . 9 , Indian River County debris accumulated in cubic yards per acre based on The
Arbiter of Storms (TAOS ) model projections ( 1999 ) .
Entity Tropical Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category5
Storm
Indian River County 46 , 037 . 9 3109199 . 2 887 , 890 . 7 21062 , 996 .4 419910807 . 3 E219021880 . 7]
, 821 , 224 .
Ci of Vero Beach 8 , 520 .6 62 , 696 . 0 177 , 171 . 5 412 ,430 . 3 9359368 . 9
City of Sebastian 21808 . 8 18 , 958 . 2 55 , 336 . 3 132 , 665 . 6 323 , 288 . 9 9257187 .4
City of Fellsmere 302 . 9 11747 .2 51129 . 3 11 , 755 . 6 24 , 797 3 185 , 615 . 6
Town of Orchid 545 . 7 3 , 610 . 3 97558 . 1 21 ,459 . 6 55 , 865 . 8 115 , 281 . 9
Town of Indian River 51355 . 3 36 , 086 . 3 93 , 576 . 7 213 , 945 . 5 427 , 0350 867 , 099 . 1
Shores
4-24
N
t
N
U7
Indian River County
0 3 6 9 12 15 Miles
A/ Road
County Boundary
Wind Speeds
® 131 - 155 mph
® 155 plus mph
Figure 4 . 5 . Category 5 wind speeds for Indian River County based on The Arbiter of Storms modeling ( 1999 ) .
1 'w Figure 4 . 5 can be used to estimate the extent of the wind - related azard in the
individual jurisdictions located in Indian River County . According to the TAOS model , there
is no real significant difference in expected wind speeds among the jurisdictions in Indian
River County . All jurisdictions can expect wind speeds ranging from at least 131 to 155 mph
during a Category 5 event.
4. 1 . 2. 3 Risk Assessment
All communities within Indian River County are highly vulnerable to hurricanes ,
but they are not all vulnerable for the same reasons . The barrier island comm pities
(Town of Orchid , Indian River Shores , and the beach side of the City of Vero each ) are
obviously highly vulnerable to both wind and storm surge damage from hurricanes . The
communities fronting on Indian River County's estuaries and rivers are also highly
vulnerable to flooding associated with hurricane winds and storm surge . Inland communities
may have less hurricane vulnerability from flooding but more hurricane vulnerability from
wind damage due to their older or less substantial type of construction .
The risk assessment data for hurricanes in Indian River County are based on
data developed for MEMPHIS , which was developed by the FDCA . Table 4 . 10 illustrates
the total exposure to wind damage for four different event categories .
Table 4 . 10 . Wind damage exposure , Indian River County , 2003 .
Exposure 100-Year Event 50-Year Event 25-Year Event 10-Ye r Event
Total Number
Moderate 61187 0 0 0
Damaged
Total Number 47 , 081 535268 53 , 266 19 , 738
Light Damage
Total Number No 0 0 2 33 , 530
Damage
Total Value
Moderate $ 1 , 224 , 159 , 488 0 0 0
Damage
Total Value Light $ 51679 , 5121064 $61903 , 5272424 $6 , 903 , 511 , 040 $21968 , 2671520
Damage
Total Value No 0 0 $ 17 , 705 $3 , 935 , 5617472
Damage
Total Number of
People Affected 10 , 539 0 0 0
Moderate
Damage
Total Number of
People Affected 102 , 408 112 , 947 112 , 947 31 , 728
Light Damage
Total Number of
People Affected 0 0 0 811219
No Damage
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
'err
4-26
Table 4 . 11 illustrates the total exposure to wind damage for the fN e hurricane
intensity categories .
Table 4 . 11 . Hurricane wind damage exposure , Indian River County , 2003 .
Exposure Category 5 Category 4 Category 3 Category 2 Category 1
Total Number 47 , 672 0 0 0 0
Destroyed
Total Number
Severe 59521 28 , 540 0 0 0
Damage
Total Number 73 24 , 378 0 0 0
Heavy Damage
Total Number
Moderate 0 348 53 , 169 91590 5
Damage
Total Number 2 2 99 43 , 678 53 ,266
Light Damage
Total Number 0 0 0 0 2
No Damage
Total Value $517641345 , 856 0 0 0 0
Destroyed
Total Value
Severe $ 130921370 ,816 $4 , 019 , 174 , 912 0 0 0
Damage
Total Value $469908 , 544 $2 , 638 , 434 , 048 0 0 0
Heavy Damage
Total Value
``'' Moderate 0 $246 , 142 , 176 $ 6 , 8363543 ,488 $211061457 , 760 0
Damage
Total Value $ 170705 $ 17 , 705 $67 , 015 , 016 $4 , 797 , 2347176 6190315111040
Li ht Dama e
Total Value No 0 0 0 0 $ 17 , 705
Dama e
Source: Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
Table 4 . 12 displays the wind damage exposure for the top five vulnerable
structure types in the County .
Table 4 . 12 . Wind exposure , Indian River County , 2004 .
Rank Structure Type Exposure
1 . Single-fa il $ 311599379145
2 . Condominia $ 1 , 260 , 790 , 91
3 . Orchard , Grove , Citrus $ 6869234956
4 . Grazing Land Soil Class I $ 1461461116
5 . 1 Public Schools $ 90 , 840 , 20
Source: Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
4-27
A calculation was made to determine the reduction in wind losses when mitigation
was included . Table 4 . 13 illustrates the reduction in average annual loss when structures
are mitigated for an additional 5 mph .
Table 4 . 13 . Wind mitigation savings , Indian River County , 2004 .
Rank Structure Type Exposure
1 . Single-family $ 21548113
2 . Condominia $ 1 , 082 , 68
3 . Orchard , Grove , Citrus $449 , 32
4 . Grazing Land Soil Class I $ 93 , 63
5 . Public Schools $ 73144
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
Table 4 . 14 depicts the mitigation savings that can be achieved for wind - related
hazard by each hurricane intensity category .
Table 4 . 14 . Wind- related exposure and mitigation , Indian River County , 2004 .
Hurricane Category Total Exposure Exposure After Savings
Miti ation
%W Category 1 $ 265 , 684 , 512 $ 175 , 548 , 864 $ 90 , 135 , 648
Category 2 $830 , 269 , 824 $628 , 7489160 $201 , 521 , 664
Category 3 $ 1 , 990 , 336 , 128 $ 19620 , 502 , 772 $ 69 , 833 , 856
Category 4 $4 , 325 , 3691344 $ 3 , 698 , 419 , 456 $ 626 , 949 , 888
Category 5 $6 , 723 , 366 , 912 $61545 , 5531408 $ 177 , 813 , 504
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
Table 4 . 15 depicts the mitigation savings that can be achieved for the flooding
hazard by each hurricane intensity category .
Table 4 . 15 . Flood - related exposure and mitigation , Indian River County , 2004 .
Exposure After
Hurricane ; Total Exposure Mitigation
Savings
Category 1 $5912960 , 832 $434 , 004 , 480 $ 57 , 956 , 352
Category 2 $ 1 , 213 , 005 , 056 $ 19005 , 437 , 760 $ " 2071567 , 296
Category 3 $210979954 , 944 $ 118631964 , 544 $ 33 , 990 , 400
Category 4 $ 3 , 07910329320 $2 , 72015721160 $ 1358 , 460 , 160
Category 5 $3 , 753 , 407 , 744 $ 32364 , 619 , 264 $1388 , 788 , 480
Source: Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
4-28
4 . 1 . 3 Tornadoes
4. 1 . 3. 1 Hazard Identification
A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting , funnel shaped cloud
extending to the ground . It is generated by a thunderstorm or hurricane when cool air
overrides a layer of warm air, forcing the warm air to rise rapidly . The most common type of
tornado , the relatively weak and short-lived type , occurs in the warm season , with June being
the peak month . The strongest, most deadly tornadoes occur in the cool season , from
December through April ( FDCA, 2004b ) . Occasional windstorms accompanied by tornadoes ,
such as the winter storm of 1993 , also are widespread and destructive .
When a tornado threatens , only a short amount of time is available for
life-or-death decisions . The NWS issues two types of alerts :
Tornado Watch — means that conditions are favorable for tornadoes to
develop .
• Tornado Warning — means that a tornado has actually been sic hted .
Tornadoes are classified using the Fujita- Pearson scale (Table 4 . 16 ) .
Table 4 . 16 . Fujita- Pearson Scale .
F = Intensity P = Path Length W = Mean Width
FO = Light Damage PO = less than 1 mile WO = less than 0 . 01 mile
F1 = Moderate Damage P1 = 1 . 0 to 3 . 1 miles W1 = 0 . 01 to 0 . 03 miles
F2 = Considerable Damage P2 = 3 . 2 to 9 . 9 miles W2 = 0 . 04 to C , 09 miles
F3 = Severe Damage P3 = 10 . 0 to 31 . 0 miles W3 = 0 . 10 to C . 31 miles
F4 = Devastating Damage P4 = 32 . 0 to 99 . 0 miles W4 = 0 . 32 to C , 99 miles
F5 = Catastrophic Damage P5 = 100 miles or greater W5 = 1 . 00 miles or wider
Historic Events. Florida ranks third in the United States in the number of tornado
strikes , and the first in the number of tornadoes per square mile . The odds of a tornado
striking any specific point in southeastern Florida are 0 . 04 , or once per 250 years .
The damage from a tornado is a result of the high wind velocity and wind - blown
debris . Florida ' s average is 75 tornadoes annually since 1950 , causing an average of
3 fatalities and 60 injuries each year ( FDCA, 2004b ) . According to FDCA on- line hazard
maps , there have been three light damage , one moderate damage , and two significant
damage tornadoes in Indian River County between 1961 and 1990 . Table 4. 17 illustrates the
associated wind speeds with each of the tornado damage categories used in the FDCA map .
`hr�r
4-29
Table 4 . 17 . Tornado wind speeds .
`'\rr
Category Wind Speed ( mph )
Light 40 - 72
Moderate 73 - 112
Significant 113- 157
Severe 158-206
Devastating 207-260
Incredible 261 -318
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2003b .
The National Climate Data Center ( NCDC ) indicates that there have been a total
of 26 tornado incidents in Indian River County since 1953 . The majority of the events have
been FO and F1 . NCDC data also indicate that there has been one tornado-rellated injury , no
deaths , and $ 1 , 397 , 000 in property damage associated with tornado events in the County .
Table 4 . 18 describes some of the more significant tornado events that have occurred within
the County.
Table 4 . 18 . Tornado incidents , Indian River County , 1953 — 2003 .
Path Path
Date Magnitude Length Width Description
(miles ) (yards )
4 October 1978 FO 0 20 None available
3 September 1979 F1 0 30 None available
25 May 1985 F1 2 30 None available
12 July 1987 FO 1 30 None available
27 June 1992 FO 0 10 None available
25 September 1998 F1 2 40 Downed trees and damaged roofs in
Sebastian
24 June 2001 F1 2 1 Downed trees and damaged roofs
and shed in Sebastian
Destroyed 2 homes , damaged
13 December 2002 F1 1 60 7 homes and 3 vehicles in Wabasso
('/4 mile south of SR 570 and ''/2 mile
west of U . S . Highway )
Source : National Climatic Data Center, 2004 .
The NCDC has recorded tornado events in unincorporated Indian River County ,
the City of Vero Beach , the City of Sebastian , Town of Fellsmere , and Waba so ( located in
unincorporated County) . No events have been recorded in the Town of Indian River Shores
or Orchid .
`r
4-30
1%r During the tornado in December of 2002 , the ARC provided services to
three families hit by the tornado and opened a shelter for 38 families who were ordered to
evacuate because their homes were deemed unsafe .
Because tornadoes are hazards that are not bounded by geographic or
topographic characteristics , there are no definite means to determine whether or not the
extent of this hazard differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction within Indian River County .
4. 1 . 3. 2 Vulnerability Assessment
Tornado events can have the following potential impacts within acommunity :
Excessive wind ;
Electric power outage ;
• Surface and air transportation disruption ;
Telecommunications system outage ;
Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship ; and
Economic disruption .
Indian River County's vulnerability to tornadoes is compounded by the high
concentration of mobile home residents in large mobile home communities . According to the
2000 U . S . Census , there are 6 , 786 mobile homes in Indian River County , representing
11 . 7 % of the total housing units in the County . Three municipalities within Indian River
County have significant concentrations of mobile homes . Sebastian has a total of 564 mobile
homes , representing 7 . 6 % of the total housing units . Wabasso has a total of 166 mobile
homes , representing 31 . 9% of the total housing units . Fellsmere has a total of 397 mobile
homes , representing 42 . 4% of the total housing units .
4. 1 . 3. 3 Risk Assessment
Historical data indicate the overall vulnerability of Indian River County to
tornadoes is low , but some specific communities have a moderate to high vulnerability to this
hazard due to the type of construction or numbers of mobile homes ( manufactured housing
units ) within their boundaries . These communities include Sebastian , Waba so , and
Fellsmere .
The risk assessment data for tornadoes in Indian River County are based on data
developed for the MEMPHIS , which was developed by the FDCA .
Tornado risk is defined as the annual probability of significant stru tura ) damage
and is divided into four probabilities of occurrence : < 1 in 500 , 1 in 500 , 1 in 2 0 , and 1 in
100 .
Table 4 . 19 illustrates the tornado exposure in Indian River County .
Table 4 . 19 . Tornado exposure , Indian River County , 2003 .
Probability of Number of Value of Structures Population at Risk
Occurrence Structures
1in 500 53 , 268 $6 , 903 , 527 , 424 112 , 947
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
4-31
4A A Severe Thunderstorms
4. 1 . 4. 1 Hazard Identification
A severe thunderstorm is defined as a thunderstorm containing on or more of the
following phenomena : hail 3/4 inch or greater, winds gusting in excess of 57 . 5 mph , and/or a
tornado ( NOAH , NWS , 1994 ) . Severe weather can include lightning , tornadoes , damaging
straight- line winds , and large hail . Most individual thunderstorms only last several minutes ;
however , some can last several hours .
Long -lived thunderstorms are called super cell thunderstorms . A s per cell is a
thunderstorm that has a persistent rotating updraft. This rotation maintains the energy
release of the thunderstorm over a much longer time than typical , pulse-type t understorms ,
which occur in the summer months . Super cell thunderstorms are responsible for producing
the majority of severe weather, such as large hail and tornadoes ( NOAA , NW , 2003 ) .
Downbursts also are occasionally associated with severe thunderstorms . A d wnburst is a
strong downdraft resulting in an outward burst of damaging winds on or near tie ground .
Downburst winds can produce damage similar to a strong tornado . Although usually
associated with thunderstorms , downbursts can occur with showers too weak to produce
thunder ( NOAA , NWS , 2003 ) . Strong squall lines also can produce widespread severe
weather , primarily very strong winds and/or microbursts .
When a severe thunderstorm approaches , the NWS will issue an advisory .
According to NOAA, NWS ( 1994 ) two possible advisories are as follows :
`�Irr
• Severe Thunderstorm Watch : Conditions are favorable for the development of
severe thunderstorms .
• Severe Thunderstorm Warning : Severe weather is imminent or occurring in
the area .
Historic Events. In 1997 , thunderstorms spawned 103 tornadoes , injured
121 people , and produced over $38 million in property damage statewide . According to
FDCA' s on - line hazard maps , Indian River County averages more than 70 days with
thunderstorms per year, with the most frequent occurrences being between the months of
July and September. According to the NCDC , there have been a total of 52 t understorm
events in Indian River County since 1953 , causing a total of $ 875 , 000 in property damage .
On 13 March 1993 , a downburst in Vero Beach damaged eight homes and three commercial
buildings . On 5 April 1995 , a thunderstorm damaged several homes in the Windsor
Subdivision in Wabasso . On 26 June 1995 , a thunderstorm knocked down stadium lighting
at Dodgertown in Vero Beach . In Sebastian , storms in May 1996 and August 2002 damaged
a 20- passenger airplane and 3 moored vessels , respectively . In January of 1999 , a
thunderstorm in Vero Beach caused $ 5 , 000 worth of damage to doors at the Vero Beach
Municipal Airport . In the past 5 years , the City of Vero Beach has recorded one severe
thunderstorm event; and the City of Sebastian has recorded two severe thunderstorm events .
NCDC has recorded 37 incidents of hail in Indian River County . Tie average
accumulation for these events being 1 . 15 inches . The City of Vero Beach has recorded
six incidents of hail since 1999 , the Town of Fellsmere , four, and the City of Sebastian , three .
'ftw
4-32
Because thunderstorms are hazards that are not bounded by geographic or
topographic characteristics , there are no definite means to determine whether or not the
extent of this hazard differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction within Indian River County .
4. 1 . 4. 2 Vulnerability Assessment
Thunderstorm events can have the following potential impacts within a
community :
• Excessive wind ;
Excessive water;
• Damaging hail ;
• Electric power outage ;
• Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Telecommunications system outage ;
• Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Economic disruption ;
• Fire ; and
• Stormwater drainage impairment.
Thunderstorms typically cause damage in a community by knocking down trees
and power lines . Downed trees can block key roadways within a community , making
emergency response more difficult . Downed power lines block roadways , disrupt businesses
when power is lost , and pose threats to people when lines are severed . Mobile homes also
`%W are more susceptible during severe thunderstorm activity. According to the 2000 U . S .
Census , there are 6 , 786 mobile homes in Indian River County , representing 11 . 7% of the
total housing units in the County . Three municipalities within Indian River COL my have
significant concentrations of mobile homes . Sebastian has a total of 564 mob le homes ,
representing 7 . 6 % of the total housing units . Wabasso has a total of 166 mobile homes ,
representing 31 . 9% of the total housing units . Fellsmere has a total of 397 mobile homes ,
representing 42 . 4% of the total housing units .
4. 1 . 4. 3 Risk Assessment
Vulnerability to severe thunderstorms and lightning is high in Indian River County ,
but many of the jurisdictions and population centers have only moderate vulnerabilities
relative to these hazards . This variation in relative levels of vulnerability is again primarily
due to construction practices and community characteristics . Working Communities have a
higher vulnerability to economic impacts by lightning than residential or retirenlent
communities , all other factors being equal , while residential and retirement communities have
a historically higher vulnerability in terms of lightning fatalities .
At the time of publication , a risk assessment model for severe thunderstorms was
not available . The County can expect losses similar to what it experienced in he past , which
is about an average of $ 17 , 500 per year in property damage .
4-33
4 . 1 . 5 Lightning
4. 1 . 5. 1 Hazard Identification
Perhaps the most dangerous and costly effect of thunderstorms is ightning . As a
thunderstorm grows , electrical charges build up within the cloud . Oppositely c harged
particles gather at the ground below . The attraction between positive and nec ative charges
quickly grows strong enough to overcome the air' s resistance to electrical flow . Racing
toward each other , the charges connect and complete the electrical circuit . C iarge then
surges upward from the ground at nearly one-third the speed of light and produces a bright
flash of lightning ( Cappella , 1997 ) .
Historic Events . On average , lightning kills more people than any other weather
event . Florida leads in the nation in lightning related deaths and injuries . Most lightning strike
fatalities occur in June , July , and August. Between 1959 and 1994 , there have been
345 lightning - related deaths in Florida ( National Lightning Safety Institute , 2004a ) . Florida
also has the most strikes , about 12 strikes per square kilometer per year ins me places
( National Lightning Safety Institute , 2004b ) . Nationwide , lightning - related economic losses
amount to over $5 billion dollars per year , and the airline industry alone loses approximately
$ 2 billion a year in operating costs and passenger delays from lightning ( National Lightning
Safety Institute , 2004c) .
Between 1959 and 1996 , Indian River County recorded two lightni g - related
deaths and four injuries . According to the NCDC , four major lightning incidents caused
$ 1 , 050 , 000 in property damage . The majority of the damage came on 1 June 1997 when a
lightning -related fire destroyed a million dollar home in Vero Beach . In the past 5 years , only
two lightning events have been recorded with the NCDC — one event took place in Wabasso
( unincorporated County) and one in the City of Sebastian .
Because lightning is a hazard that is not bounded by geographic c r topographic
characteristics , there are no definite means to determine whether or not the E xtent of this
hazard differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction within Indian River County .
4. 1 . 5. 2 Vulnerability Assessment
Lightning events can have the following potential impacts within a community :
Excessive wind ;
Excessive water;
Damaging hail ;
Electric power outage ;
Surface and air transportation disruption ;
Telecommunications system outage ;
Human health and safety ;
Psychological hardship ;
Economic disruption ;
Fire ; and
Stormwater drainage impairment.
4-34
Lightning strikes are capable of causing intense localized damage , s well as loss
of life . In contrast to other hazards such as tornadoes and floods , however , they normally do
not cause widespread disruptions within a community . Fire , structural damagE to buildings ,
and damage to electronic devices are common types of damage . An estimate 5 % of all
homeowners' insurance claims are related to lightning damage . Farmers face these same
threats plus the threat to livestock . In stormy weather, livestock frequently gather under trees
to seek shelter or are trapped in barns , where a lightning strike can destroy an entire herd
(Western Kentucky University , 2004 ) .
4. 1 . 5. 3 Risk Assessment
Vulnerability to severe thunderstorms and lightning is high in Indiar River County ,
but many of the jurisdictions and population centers have only moderate vulnerabilities
relative to these hazards . This variation in relative levels of vulnerability is agcoiin primarily
due to construction practices and community characteristics . Working comm nities have a
higher vulnerability to economic impacts by lightning than residential or retirement
communities , all other factors being equal , while residential and retirement communities have
a historically higher vulnerability in terms of lightning fatalities .
4 . 1 . 6 Wildland/Urban Interface Zone
4. 1 . 6. 1 Hazard Identification
The recent wildland fires that burned throughout Florida , specifical y central
Florida , are examples of the increasing wildland fire threat, which results from the
Wildland/ Urban Interface , The Wildland/ Urban Interface is defined as the area where
structures and other human development meet with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels
( FEMA , 1996 ) . As residential areas expand into relatively untouched wild lands , forest fires
increasingly threaten people living in these communities . Most wildland fires n the County
occur during Florida ' s dry season , from January through May .
There are three different classes of wildland fires : surface , ground and crown . A
surface fire is the most common type and burns along the floor of a forest , moving slowly and
killing or damaging trees . A ground fire is usually started by lightning and burns on or below
the forest floor. Crown fires spread rapidly by wind and move quickly by jumping along the
tops of trees . Wildland fires are usually identified by dense smoke that fills th area for miles
around .
Rural and large tracts of unimproved lands are susceptible to brush and forest
fires capable of threatening life , safety , and property loss in adjacent develop d areas if
vegetation on these lands is not routinely maintained . Wildland fires are caused by
numerous sources including arson , smoker carelessness , individuals burning debris ,
equipment throwing sparks , and children playing with matches . However , more fires are
caused by lightning strikes and coincide with the height of the thunderstorm season . A major
wildland fire can leave a large amount of scorched and barren land , and thesc., areas may not
return to pre -fire conditions for decades . If the wildland fire destroys the g rOL nd cover, other
potential hazards may develop (e . g . , erosion ) ( FEMA, 1996 ) .
Structures in the Wildland/Urban Interface fire zone are vulnerable to ignition by
*AW three different ways : radiation , convection , and firebrands ( National Wildland Urban Interface
Fire Protection Program , 1997 ) . Radiating heat from a wildland fire can cause ignition by
4-35
exposure to the structure . The chances of ignition increase as the size of the flames
increases , surface area exposed to flames increases , length of exposure time increases , and
distance between the structure and the flames decreases . Ignition of a structure by
convection requires the flame to come in contact with the structure . Contact with the
convection column is generally not hot enough to ignite a structure . Clearing to prevent
flame contact with the structure must include any materials capable of produc ng even small
flames . Wind will tilt the flame and the convection column uphill , increasing the chance of
igniting a structure . Firebrands also pose a threat to structures in the Wildlan / Urban
Interface zone . A firebrand is a piece of burning material that detaches from a fire due to
strong convection drafts in the burning area . They can be carried a long distance (around
1 mile ) by fire drafts and winds . The chance of these firebrands igniting a structure depends
on the size of the firebrand , how long it burns after contact , and the materials , design , and
construction of the structure .
Some plant and animal communities in south central Florida have ome to
depend on frequent lightning - ignited wildland fires for their continued existence . Many
threatened and endangered species depend on the periodic burning of dense scrub . Fire
suppression and landscape fragmentation have disrupted this natural cycle , but a long -term
policy of prescribed burns might help restore balance to the system .
The Division of Forestry and /or Federal fire control personnel Prot ct one-third of
Indian River County' s total land ; however, due to limited State and Federal resources , the
Indian River County Emergency Services Fire Division responds to most wildland fires and is
supported by the Florida Division of Forestry . Most wildland fires in the Coun y occur during
Florida ' s dry season , from January through May .
Historic Events . Statewide , from 1981 through 1996 , an average of
6 , 080 wildland fires occurred per year, burning 219 , 725 acres . Because of changing weather
conditions , the yearly figures range from a low of 3 , 985 wildland fires (with 86 , 944 acres
burned ) in 1991 to a record high of 14 , 042 wildland fires (with 587 , 400 acresburned ) in 1981 .
Since 1998 , more than 21 , 000 wildland fires have devastated over 1 . 3 million
acres and destroyed more than 1 , 000 structures . In 1998 , the previous EI - Niho conditions
subsided , causing drought conditions and 4 , 890 wildland fires , which burned 506 , 350 acres .
The drought continued in 1999 , with 5 , 636 wildland fires destroying 355 , 197 acres . In 2000 ,
another drought stricken year, 6 , 718 wildland fires burned 212 , 415 acres . In 2001 , the
drought continued , causing 4 , 804 wildland fires , which burned 403 , 740 acres ( Florida
Division of Forestry , 2004 ) . These fires resulted in numerous fire complexes being
developed each of those 4 years . This taxed the State 's firefighting resources , those of other
agencies in the state , and required assistance from other states . The largest contingent of
air firefighting resources ever collected responded to the wildland fires of 1998 in Florida .
The Mallory Swamp fire , one of the single largest and most costly wildland fire in Florida
history , burned 57 , 200 acres near Perry , Florida in May 2001 , costing an esti nated
$6 . 7 million . Table 4 .20 illustrates the number and total acreage of wildland ires in 2002 by
ignition type .
4-36
Table 4 . 20 . Wildland fires by type , Indian River County , 2002 .
Cause of Wildland Fire Number of Wildland Fires Acreage Burned
Railroad 46 1132
Smoking 47 127
Campfire 60 1 , 10
Children 164 7126
Equipment 205 2302
Miscellaneous 321 5116
Unknown 423 4757
Incendiary 457 101683
Lightning 625 1716A3
Debris 717 6993
Total 31065 56284 . 1
Source : Florida Division of Forestry , 2003 .
Figures 4. 6 and 4. 7 illustrate the number of wildland fires and the acres burned
statewide between 1981 and 2002 , respectively .
err► Figure 4 . 6 . Number of Florida wildland fires , 1981 — 2002 .
16 , 000
141000 -
12 , 000
4 , 00012 , 000
10 , 000
8 , 000
6 , 000
4 , 000
2 , 000 RM
0
Source : Florida Division of Forestry , 2004 .
4-37
Figure 4 . 7 . Florida wildland fire acres burned , 1981 — 2002 .
700 ,000
600 ,000
500 ,000
400 ,000
300 ,000
200 ,000
100 ,000
0
. 3h 1 0 b
NCP No)
N Ncbo cc b,
Source : Florida Division of Forestry , 2004 .
Data on wildland fire for Indian River County indicate that between 1993 and
2003 , there were a total of 454 wildland fires that burned 18 , 791 acres . Lightning , debris , or
children were the most common ignition source for wildland fires in Indian River County
( Florida Division of Forestry , 2004) . The Division of Forestry data did not provide a breakout
of fire occurrence by municipality .
A muck fire is a fire that consumes all the organic material of the forest floor and
*41W also burns into the underlying soil . It differs from a surface fire by being invulnerable to wind .
If the fire gets deep into the ground , it could smolder for several years . In a surface fire , the
flames are visible , and burning is accelerated by wind . Whereas in a muck fire , wind is not
generally a serious factor ( Canadian Soil Information System , 1996 ) . Another extraordinary
fact about muck fires has to do with their release of carbon dioxide . A peat bog that is on fire
can release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than all the power stations and car
engines emit in Western Europe in 1 year ( Pearce , 1997 ) . This type of fire could have a
significant impact on global warming .
Historic Events. Muck fires are not a frequent threat to Florida . However, during
a drought in the 1980 ' s , fires in the Everglades consumed the rich , dried out muck that had
once been the bottom of the swamp . These fires burned deep into the ground and required
alternative firefighting techniques . Muck fires occur very infrequently in Indian River County ,
and the only areas where this hazard might produce impacts are in the western portions of
the County . At the present time , muck fires are not considered a significant hazard .
4. 1 . 6. 2 Vulnerability Assessment
Wildland fires can have the following potential impacts within a cc mmunity :
Electric power outage ;
Surface and air transportation disruption ;
Telecommunications system outage ;
`%W . Human health and safety;
Psychological hardship ;
4-38
Economic disruption ;
Disruption of community services ;
Agricultural/fisheries damage ;
Loss of livestock ;
Damage to critical environmental resources ;
Damage to identified historical resources ;
Fire ; and
Toxic releases .
Locations where forested lands and homes or businesses intermingle create
potential risk areas for wildland fire . Less urbanized communities and vacant tracts of land
within the County are more vulnerable to wildland fires than the more developed
communities . Large areas in the western part of the County and many isolated
unincorporated pockets of residential development are quite vulnerable to wildland fire in
Indian River County . As of the year 2000 , there was an estimated 31 , 200 acres of forested
land in Indian River County , accounting for nearly 10 % of the area of the County ( University
of Florida , 2001 ) . In 2001 , Indian River County developed a wildland fire mitigation plan in an
effort to identify at- risk areas as well as strategies to reduce the risks posed by wildland fire in
the County . Figure 4. 8 illustrates the County's overall risk to wildland fires .
Figure 4 . 8 can be used to determine the extent of the wildland fire hazard in each
of the participating jurisdictions . Overall , the high wildland fire risk areas are located in the
western portions of the unincorporated County and in populated areas of the eastern portion
of the County.
`'fir
The portion of the City of Vero Beach located on the barrier island and the
easternmost portions of the mainland have been assessed as having a low Wildland fire risk.
Areas in the southwestern portion of the City have been assessed as having a moderate risk .
The entire land area of the Town of Indian River Shores is located on the barrier
island and has been assessed as having a moderate risk level for wildland fire .
The entire land area of the Town of Orchid is located on the barrier island and has
been assessed as having a moderate risk level for wildland fire .
The majority of land within the City of Sebastian has been assessed as having a
moderate wildland fire risk , while a small portion in the northern portion of the City has a low
risk .
The majority of the Town of Fellsmere has been assessed as hav ng a high risk to
wildland fire .
4. 1 . 6. 3 Risk Assessment
The risk assessment data for wildland fires in Indian River Count are based on
data developed for the MEMPHIS , which was developed by the FDCA.
According to MEMPHIS , 80 , 881 (72 % ) residents live in areas of low wildland fire
**MW risk , 17 , 766 ( 16 % ) live in areas of medium wildland fire risk , and 14 , 300 ( 1310 ) live in areas of
high wildland fire risk . In terms of the number and value of structures at risk , there are
4-39
N
BREVARD COUNTY Indian
River
' Lagoon
Ittd '
Jt
. c m
m
3 +�
e
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
INDIAN RIVER
rz COUNTY zt ti
E �
xu
VIA
a.b
Wildland Fire Risk x
= Low
Moderate
= High Y
= Extremely High
ST. LUCIE COUNTY Note :
Wmidiand Fire Risk from Physical Characteristics Only Variations in wildland fire risk within
= Lowsubdivision boundaries is due
Moderate
County Roads and U . S . Geological Survey Quad Boundaries only to physical factors.
=
Hi h 0 Subdivision Boundary
g 0 5 10 Miles
= Extremely High
Figure 4 . 8 . Countywide wildland fire risk ( 1999) .
40 , 515 structures in low risk areas , 5 , 241 in medium risk areas , and 7 , 512 in high risk areas .
1%W The corresponding exposure for each risk level is as follows . Structures in the low risk areas
are valued at $4 . 9 billion , structures in the medium risk areas are valued at 790 million , and
structures in the high risk areas are valued at $ 1 . 1 million . Table 4 . 21 illustrates the average
annual loss due to wildland fire by structure type in the County .
Table 4 . 21 . Average annual loss due to wildland fire , Indian River County , 2004 ,
Rank Structure Type Average Annual Loss
1 . Single-family $47 , 554
2 , Orchards , Grove , Citrus $ 17 , 599
3 . Condominia $ 15 , 06
4 , Grazing Land Soil Class I $4 , z , 04
5 . Regional Shopping Mall $423102
Source : Florida Department of Community Affairs , 2004a .
4 . 1 . 7 Extreme Temperatures
4. 1 . 7. 1 Freezing Temperatures
Hazard Identification. According to the U . S . Department of Agricu ture and
Consumer Services , a moderate freeze may be expected every 1 to 2 years . Severe freezes
may be expected on an average of once every 15 to 20 years . Freezes pose a major hazard
` W to the agriculture industry in Indian River County on a recurring basis , and are a significant
threat to the economic vitality of the State's vital agriculture industry . Agricultural lands
represent nearly one-half of all land in Indian River County ( University of Florida , 2001 ) .
Historic Events. Indian River County has experienced seven signi icant freezes
between 1970 and the present. Florida has experienced a number of severe or disastrous
freezes , when the majority of the winter crops are lost . The lowest temperature ever
recorded in the state of Florida is -2 ° F ( NCDC , 1999a ) . Since December 1889 , there have
been at least 22 recorded severe freezes ; the most recent being in 1996 , when a Presidential
Disaster Declaration was issued for crop losses exceeding $90 billion . During this event,
there was extensive loss of citrus trees , and the majority were not replanted . Freezes in
January of 1977 had severe impacts on agriculture around the state . A U . S . [Department of
Agriculture report indicated the following crop loss : citrus — 35 % , vegetables 95 %- 100 % ,
commercial flowers — 50% -75 % , permanent pasture land — 50 % , and sugar cane — 40% . In
addition , there was a severe loss to the tropical fish industry . It is estimated the freeze cost
the Florida economy $ 2 billion in 1977 dollars ( NWS , 1999a ) . There were no data available
to document previous occurrences of severe freeze by jurisdiction .
Because temperature extremes are hazards that are not bounded by geographic
or topographic characteristics , there are no definite means to determine whether or not the
extent of this hazard differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction within Indian River County .
4. 1 . 7. 2 Extreme Heat
Hazard Identification . Temperatures that remain 10 ° or more above the average
high temperatur;; for a region and last for several weeks are defined as extreme heat ( FEMA ,
4-41
1993 ) . Humid conditions , which add to the discomfort of high temperatures , o N.cur when an
area of high atmospheric pressure traps hazy , damp air near the ground .
Human bodies dissipate heat in one of three ways : by varying the rate and depth
of blood circulation ; by losing water through the skin and sweat glands ; and by panting . As
the blood is heated to above 98 . 60 , the heart begins to pump more blood , blood vessels
dilate to accommodate the increased flow , and the bundles of tiny capillaries penetrating
through the upper layers of skin are put into operation . The body' s blood is circulated closer
to the surface , and excess heat is released into the cooler atmosphere . At the same time ,
water diffuses through the skin as perspiration . The skin handles about 90 % of the body's
heat dissipating function .
Heat disorders generally have to do with a reduction or collapse of the body' s
ability to cool itself by circulatory changes and sweating , or a chemical (salt) imbalance
caused by too much sweating . When the body cannot cool itself, or when it cannot
compensate for fluids and salt lost through perspiration , the temperature of the body's inner
core begins to rise and heat- related illness may develop . Studies indicate that, other things
being equal , the severity of heat disorders tend to increase with age . Heat cramps in a
17-year old may be heat exhaustion in a 40-year old , and heat stroke in a person over 60 .
When the temperature gets extremely high , the NWS has increased its efforts to
alert the general public as well as the appropriate authorities by issuing speci I weather
statements . Residents should heed these warnings to prevent heat- related medical
complications . As a result of the latest research findings , the NWS has devised the " Heat
Index" ( HI ) . The HI , given in degrees Fahrenheit, is an accurate measure of t ow hot it really
feels when relative humidity is added to the actual air temperature . The NW will initiate
alert procedures when the HI is expected to exceed 105 ° F for at least two cor secutive days .
Possible heat disorders related to the corresponding HI are listed below .
• Heat Index of 130 ° F or higher — Heatstroke/sunstroke with exposure for
people in higher risk groups ;
• Heat Index of 105 ° F- 130 ° F — Sunstroke , heat cramps , and heat exhaustion
likely and heatstroke possible with prolonged physical activity;
• Heat Index of 90 ° F- 105 ° F — Sunstroke , heat cramps with prolonged exposure ;
and
• Heat Index of 80 ° F-90 ° F — Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and
physical activity ( NWS , 1999b ) .
Historic Events. The highest temperature ever recorded in the state was on
29 June 1931 at 103 ° F in Monticello at an elevation of 207 feet ( NCDC , 1999 :) ) . In a normal
year, approximately 175 Americans die from extreme heat . However, in 199 .5 , the death toll
was 1 , 021 ( NWS , 1997 ) . There were no data available to document previous occurrences of
extreme heat by jurisdiction .
Because temperature extremes are hazards that are not bounded by geographic
or topographic characteristics , there are no definite means to determine whetrier or not the
extent of this hazard differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction within Indian River County .
*400
4-42
4. 1 . 7. 3 Vulnerability Assessment
Extreme temperature events can have the following potential impacts within a
community:
Electric power outage ;
• Human health and safety ;
Psychological hardship ;
Economic disruption ;
Agricultural/fisheries damage ; and
Damage to critical environmental resources ;
Temperature extremes , both freezes and periods of excessive hea , impact
communities with a larger population of older people to a greater extent than t lose with
younger populations . According to the 2000 U . S . Census , 32 , 972 residents ( 9 % ) in Indian
River County are over the age of 60 . Freezing conditions primarily affect agriculture and
homeless indigents . When conditions are predicted to be below freezing , shelters are
opened . A survey of the County' s homeless population was conducted in 2002 , indicating
that there are approximately 457 homeless individuals within the County ( Florida Department
of Children and Families , 2002 ) . Inland communities away from the moderating influence of
the ocean or the estuary are more vulnerable to temperature extremes as are areas with
significant agricultural assets . According to the FDCA, between 1979 and 1998 , there were
230 extreme temperature-related deaths in the state . This number is greater than the
number of deaths caused by hurricanes and tornadoes combined .
4W Extreme temperatures , especially freezes , can have significant impacts on
agricultural economics in a community . As stated earlier, nearly one- half ofland in Indian
River County is currently designated as agricultural land . More than 60 , 000 acres in Indian
River County are devoted to citrus production . In 1997 , the value of all farm lands and
buildings in Indian River County was estimated to be $ 1 , 243 , 117 ( University of Florida ,
2001 ) ,
4. 1 . 7. 4 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , a risk assessment model for extreme ter 1peratures was
not available . The County can expect losses similar to what it has experienCE d in the past.
4 . 1 . 8 Erosion
4. 1 . 8. 1 Soil Erosion
Hazard Identification . Soil erosion is the deterioration of soil by the physical
movement of soil particles from a given site . Wind , water , animals , and the use of tools by
man may all be reasons for erosion . The two most powerful erosion agents are wind and
water, but in most cases , these are damaging only after man , animals , insects , diseases , or
fire have removed or depleted natural vegetation . Accelerated erosion caused by human
activity is the most serious form of soil erosion , and can occur so rapidly that surface soil may
sometimes be blown or washed away down to the bedrock .
%W
4-43
Undisturbed by man , soil is usually covered by shrubs and trees , ead and
decaying leaves , or a thick mat of grass . Whatever the vegetation , it protects the soil when
rain falls or wind blows . Root systems of plants hold soil together. Even in d ought , the roots
of native grasses , which extend several feet into the ground , help tie down thm. soil and keep
it from blowing away . With the vegetation cover stripped away , soil is vulner ble to damage .
Whether through cultivation , grazing , deforestation , burning , or bulldozing , once the soil is
bare to the erosive action of wind and water, the slow rate of natural erosion is greatly
increased . Losses of soil take place much faster than new soil can be created . With the
destruction of soil structure , eroded land is even more susceptible to erosion .
The occurrence of erosion has greatly increased . This is because of the activities
of modern development and population growth , particularly agricultural intensification . It also
is in the field of agriculture that most efforts have been made to conserve soils , with mixed
success ( Union of International Associations , 1999 ) .
Particles scattered by erosion can also cause problems elsewhere . Stormwater
drainage systems , both natural and mechanical , are frequently clogged by loose sediment. If
drainage systems are not cleared of uncontrolled sediment on a regular basis , they lose
function .
4. 1 . 8. 2 Beach Erosion
Hazard Identification . Wind , waves , and long shore currents are the driving forces
behind coastal erosion . This removal and deposition of sand permanently changes beach
shape and structure ( Sea Grant Haznet , 1998 ) . Most beaches , if left alone to natural
processes , experience natural shoreline retreat. As houses , highways , seawalls , and other
structures are constructed on or close to the beach , the natural shoreline retr at processes
are interrupted . The beach jams up against these man- made obstacles and narrows
considerably as the built-up structures prevent the beach from moving naturally inland .
When buildings are constructed close to the shoreline , coastal property soon becomes
threatened by erosion . The need for shore protection often results in " hardening " the coast
with a structure such as a seawall or revetment.
A seawall is a large concrete wall designed to protect buildings or other
man - made structures from beach erosion . A revetment is a cheaper option c nstructed with
" rip rap " such as large boulders , concrete rubble , or even old tires . Although hese structures
may serve to protect beachfront property for a while , the resulting disruption of the natural .
coastal processes has serious consequences for all beaches in the area . Se walls inhibit the
natural ability of the beach to adjust its slope to the ever- changing ocean wave conditions .
Large waves wash up against the seawall and rebound back out to sea , carry ring large
quantities of beach sand with them . With each storm , the beach narrows , sand is lost to
deeper water , and the long shore current scours the base of the wall . Eventually , large
waves impact the seawall with such force that a bigger structure becomes necessary to
continue to resist the forces of the ocean ( Pilkey and Dixon , 1996 ) .
Historic Events. Both Hurricanes Floyd and Irene caused significant beach
erosion along the Atlantic Ocean . Oceanfront property in the City of Vero Beach , Town of
Indian River Shores , and Town of Orchid also experienced beach erosion during these two
events .
4-44
Because of their location along the Atlantic Ocean and Intercoastal Waterway , the
City of Vero Beach , Town of Indian River Shores , Town of Orchid , the City of Sebastian , and
unincorporated County are more apt to experience beach erosion associated with wave or
current action .
4. 1 . 8. 3 Vulnerability Assessment
Erosion can have the following potential impacts within a commun ty :
• Soil/beach erosion ;
Navigable waterway impairment;
• Economic disruption ;
• Damage to critical environmental resources ; and
• Stormwater drainage impairment .
Indian River County' s vulnerability to soil collapse and beach eros on is moderate
along its entire coastline . The City of Vero Beach has a significant beach erosion problem ,
which resulted in two of the FEMA repetitive damage properties reported . Ot er beachfront
communities report low to moderate erosion problems . Erosion also is a potential
vulnerability for the communities located on both the Indian and Sebastian rivers ,
Vulnerability in the rest of the County is low to very low, with the exception of specific
locations along some drainage canals . The Department of Public Works has identified the
following areas as being in need of beach nourishment projects :
Summerplace Subdivision ;
• South Beach — Sector 7 — Porpoise Point ; and
• Sanderling Subdivision .
4. 1 . 8. 4 Risk Assessment
FDEP updated a statewide assessment of beach erosion in 2002 . In that
assessment , FDEP defined the " critical erosion area" as a segment of shoreline where
natural processes or human activity have caused or contributed to erosion and recession of
the beach or dune system to such a degree that upland development , recreation interests ,
wildlife habitat , or important cultural resources are threatened or lost.
There are five critical erosion areas (9 . 1 miles ) and four noncritica erosion areas
(4 . 7 miles ) in Indian River County . The northern 3 miles ( R1 - R17) south of Sm. bastian Inlet
have critical erosion threatening SR A- I -A, Sebastian Inlet State Recreation Area facilities ,
the McLarty State Museum , and private development . The museum has beel armored with
a rock revetment, and inlet sand transfer is conducted south of the inlet . A 3 . 0- mile segment
of coast ( R17- R33 ) and a 0 . 6 - mile segment ( R34- R37 ) in the northern portion of the County
continue to erode with no immediate threat. These areas are being monitored , A 0 . 2- mile
segment ( R33- R34 ) is now critical with threatened development . A 2 . 0- mile erosion segment
at Wabasso Beach ( R37 - R47 . 4 ) has critical erosion threatening development and
recreational interests . South of Wabasso Beach , a 0 . 7- mile segment of coas ( R47 . 4- R51 )
continues to erode and is being monitored . The northern 3 . 1 mile of Vero Beach ( R70 - R86 )
are critically eroding with development and recreational interests being threataned . Much of
this area has seen armoring , dune restoration , and small nourishment projects ; although a
major beach restoration has not yet materialized . In southern Indian River County , a 0 . 4- mile
4-45
noncritical segment ( R101 - Rl03 ) and a 0 . 8- mile critical segment ( R103- Rl0 ) exist.
Development is threatened in the critical segment ( FDEP , 2004 ) .
Several beach renourishment projects have been implemented to address the
issues identified by the FDEP .
4 . 1 . 9 Droughts
4. 1 . 9. 1 Hazard Identification
Drought is a normal , recurrent feature of climate , although many perceive it as a
rare and random event . In fact, each year some part of the U . S . has severe or extreme
drought. Although it has many definitions , drought originates from a deficiency of
precipitation over an extended period of time , usually a season or more ( National Drought
Mitigation Center, 2003) . It produces a complex web of impacts that spans many sectors of
the economy and reaches well beyond the area producing physical drought . This complexity
exists because water is essential to our ability to produce goods and provide services
( National Drought Mitigation Center, 2003 ) .
In Indian River County , the primary sources of water are deep wells for utility
systems and shallow wells for rural areas . Excess water from an interconnected series of
lakes , rivers , canals , and marshes flows either north to the St. Johns River or east to the
Indian River Lagoon ( Indian River County Department of Emergency Services , 2002 ) . When
this cycle is disrupted by periods of drought, one of the most potentially damaging effects is
%W substantial crop loss in the western agricultural areas of the County . In addition to obvious
losses in yields in both crop and livestock production , drought in Indian River County is
associated with increase in insect infestations , plant disease , and wind erosion . The
incidence of forest fires increases substantially during extended droughts , which in turn
places both human and wildlife populations at higher levels of risk .
The St , Johns Water Management District and County staff manage the County's
water resources . Complementing the District's water management efforts during periods of
critical water shortage , a countywide , uniform , forceful , contingency plan is in place to
effectively restrict the use of water.
Historic Events. There were no data available to document drought events in
Indian River County and its municipalities in the past 5 years .
Because drought is a hazard that is not bounded by geographic or topographic
characteristics , there is no definite means to determine whether or not the extent of this
hazard differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction within Indian River County .
4. 1 . 9. 2 Vulnerability Assessment
Drought can have the following potential impacts within a community:
Economic disruption ;
Agricultural/fisheries damage ;
,%W . Damage to critical environmental resources ; and
Wildland fire .
4-46
While Indian River County is moderately vulnerable to impacts from drought due
to the County' s large agricultural land tax base , some communities are less vulnerable due to
their location and non-agricultural economic base .
A few examples of direct impacts of drought are reduced crop , ra geland , and
forest productivity ; increased fire hazard ; reduced water levels ; increased livestock and
wildlife mortality rates ; and damage to wildlife and fish habitat. Social impacts include public
safety , health , conflicts between water users , reduced quality of life , and inequities in the
distribution of impacts and disaster relief. Income loss is another indicator used in assessing
the impacts of drought ; reduced income for farmers has a ripple effect throughout the
region ' s economy ( National Drought Mitigation Center, 2003 ) .
The web of impacts is so diffuse that it is very difficult to come up Nith financial
estimates of damages . However , FEMA estimates $ 6 to $ 8 billion in losses as the annual
average ( FEMA , 1995 ) . The worst drought in recent history occurred in 1987 - 1989 , and the
NCDC reports the estimated cost as $40 billion ( National Drought Mitigation Center, 2003 ) .
4. 1 . 9. 3 Risk Assessment
Indian River County overall , has a moderate vulnerability to the impacts from
drought due to the County' s large agricultural land tax base . The western area of the County
is most vulnerable to the impacts of drought because this area is extensively involved in
farming and ranching . As of 1996 , the average annual market value of agricultural products
in Indian River County was $625 million . The urbanized communities along t e County's
coast are less vulnerable due to their location and non-agricultural economic base . Potential
impacts to Indian River County's potable water supply during drought conditions appear to be
slight.
4 . 1 . 10 Seismic Hazards
This section covers seismic hazards , which include dam/levee failure ,
earthquakes , and sinkholes and subsidence .
4. 1 . 10. 1 Dam/Levee Failure
Hazard Identification . Dam/levee failure poses a minor threat to population and
property in Indian River County . All dams and levees are earthen structures and are State ,
regional , local , or privately controlled . The most significant risk related to da /levee failure is
flooding due to substantial rainfall and its eastward migration to final discharge in the Indian
River Lagoon . Structural and non-structural techniques to slow and contain t is runoff
incorporate several drainage systems . Rainfall in excess of designed capacities could cause
erosion of constructed drainage facilities and flooding of many areas including primary
roadway evacuation routes ( Indian River County Department of Emergency Management
Services , 2002 ) . According to the National Inventory of Dams , there are five listed dams in
Indian River County ( South Relief Structure , Lateral C Structure , Main Canal Structure , North
Relief Canal Structure , Lateral Structure #3 ( United States Army Corps of Engineers , 1999 ) .
Best available data do not indicate that there have been any dam or levee failures
in Indian River County or the municipalities . The overall extent of seismic hazards in Indian
*,. River County is uniform throughout the individual jurisdictions in the County .
4-47
4. 1 . 10. 2 Earthquakes
Hazard Identification . Although Florida is not usually considered tc be a state
subject to earthquakes , several minor shocks have occurred over time , but on y one caused
any damage ( USDOI , USGS , 2004 ) .
Historic Events.
• In January 1879 , a shock occurred near St. Augustine that is reported to have
knocked plaster from walls and articles from shelves . Similar effects were
reported in Daytona Beach . The shock was felt in Tampa , throughout central
Florida , and in Savannah , Georgia as well ( USDOI , USGS , 2004 ) .
• In January 1880 another earthquake occurred , this time with C ba as the focal
point . Shock waves were sent as far north as the town of Key est ( USDOI ,
USGS , 2004) .
• In August 1886 , Charleston , South Carolina was the center of shock that
was felt throughout northern Florida . It rang church bells in St. Augustine and
severely jolted other towns along sections of Florida ' s east coE st . Jacksonville
residents felt many of the strong aftershocks that occurred in eptember,
October , and November 1886 ( USDOI , USGS , 2004 ) .
In June 1893 , Jacksonville experienced a minor shock that lasted about
10 seconds . Another earthquake occurred in October 1893 , which also did
not cause any damage ( USDOI , USGS , 2004 ) .
In November 1948 , doors and windows rattled in Captiva Island , west of
lar Ft . Myers . It was reportedly accompanied by sounds like distant heavy
explosions ( USDOI , USGS ) .
• In November 1952 , a slight tremor was felt in Quincy , a town located 20 miles
northwest of Tallahassee . Windows and doors rattled , but no damage was
reported ( USDOI , USGS ) .
Best available data do not indicate that there have been any earthquakes in
Indian River County or the municipalities .
4. 1 . 10. 3 Sinkholes and Subsidence
Hazard Identification . Sinkholes are a common feature of Florida' s landscape .
They are only one of many kinds of karst landforms , which include caves , disappearing
streams , springs , and underground drainage systems , all of which occur in Florida . Karst is a
generic term that refers to the characteristic terrain produced by erosional processes
associated with the chemical weathering and dissolution of limestone or dolomite , the two
most common carbonate rocks in Florida . Dissolution of carbonate rocks begins when they
are exposed to acidic water. Most rainwater is slightly acidic and usually becomes more
acidic as it moves through decaying plant debris . Limestones in Florida are porous , allowing
the acidic water to percolate through them , dissolving some limestone and c rrying it away in
solution . Over time , this persistent erosion process has created extensive underground voids
and drainage systems in much of the carbonate rocks throughout the state . Collapse of
overlying sediments into the underground cavities produces sinkholes ( Florida Geological
Survey , 1998 ) .
4-48
The FDEP has recorded four sinkholes in Indian River County . Th first
err developed in 1981 in Fellsmere and was 3 x 3 x 1 foot . The second developed in 1981 in
Fellsmere and was 1 x 1 x 2 feet. The third developed in 1981 in Fellsmere and was
3 x 3 x 1 foot. And , the fourth developed in 1985 in Fellsmere and was 45 x 45 x 45 feet .
The FDEP database does not document any sinkholes in Vero Beach , Indian River Shores ,
Orchid , or Sebastian .
4. 1 . 10. 4 Vulnerability Assessment
There are areas in western Indian River County where canal bank ailures could
cause or exacerbate flooding during heavy rain events or storms . This problern is , however ,
more related to soil erosion than to actual levee failure . There has never been any seismic
activity , soil failures , and few sinkholes in Indian River County . While these hazards may
exist , County vulnerability to them at this time is considered very low .
Seismic events can have the following potential impacts within a community :
• Electric power outage ;
• Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Potable water system loss or disruption ;
• Sewer system outage ;
• Telecommunications system outage ;
• Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Economic disruption ;
``W • Disruption of community services ;
• Damage to identified historical resources ;
• Fire ;
Toxic releases ; and
• Stormwater drainage impairment.
The USDOI , USGS and the Florida Department of Natural Resources Bureau of
Geology have created a map illustrating sinkhole type , development , and distribution for the
state of Florida . Sinkhole risk is categorized using four categories . According to this map ,
Indian River County lies in Area II , which is classified as having coverage between 30 and
200 feet thick , consisting of incohesive and permeable sand . Sinkholes are few , shallow , of
small diameter , and develop gradually . Cover-subsidence sinkholes dominate in this area .
4. 1 . 10. 5 Risk Assessment
The risk assessment data for seismic hazards (sinkhole only) in Indian River
County are based on data developed for the MEMPHIS , which was developed by the FDCA .
According to MEMPHIS , there are 51 , 052 structures located in the very low
hazard area , 3 structures in the low hazard area , 7 in the medium hazard area , 1 in the high
hazard area , and none in the very high hazard area . Building values in each of the hazard
categories is as follows . There is $ 5 . 8 billion dollars worth of exposure in the very low,
$ 1 . 3 million in the low , $ 171 , 000 in the medium , $62 , 000 in the high , and $2 , 100 in the very
high .
4-49
4 . 1 . 11 Agricultural Pests and Diseases
Florida is among the top three agriculture- producing states in the nation .
Agriculture generates farm cash receipts of nearly $ 6 billion annually , of which citrus and
vegetable crops contribute more than 40 % . The industry is susceptible tomany hazards
including freezes , droughts , and exotic pests or diseases . Agricultural crops are grown
throughout the state , and every region is vulnerable to the effects of an exotic pest or disease
infestation . As a result , Florida uses the second highest volume of pesticides, in the nation .
Agriculture and citrus production play a key role in the Indian River County
economy; 52 % of the County is farmland . The main threats to the Indian River County
agriculture industry are 1 ) Citrus canker, 2) Mediterranean fruit fly ( Medfly) , 3 Sugarcane
pests , and 4 ) Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) .
Best available data do not indicate that there have been incidents of agricultural
pests and diseases in Indian River County or the municipalities .
4. 1 . 11 . 1 Citrus Canker
Citrus canker has been found in Dade County , and the potential for its spread to
other counties is high . Citrus canker is a bacterial disease of citrus that causes premature
leaf and fruit drop . It affects all types of citrus , including oranges , sour oranges , grapefruit ,
tangerines , lemons , and limes . Symptoms found on leaves and fruit are brown , raised
lesions surrounded by an oily , water-soaked area and a yellow ring or halo ( Indian River
'4r County Department of Emergency Services , 2002 ) .
There is no known chemical compound that will destroy the citrus canker bacteria .
In order to eradicate the disease , infected trees must be cut down and disposed of properly.
It is a highly contagious disease that can be spread rapidly by windborne rain , lawnmowers
and other landscaping equipment, animals and birds , people carrying the infection on their
hands or clothing , and moving infected or exposed plants or plant parts ( Indian River County
Department of Emergency Services , 2002) .
4. 1 . 11 . 2 Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly)
Another threat to Indian River County's agriculture industry is the Medfly, It is one
of the world 's most destructive pests and infests more than 250 different plans that are
important for U . S . food producers , homeowners , and wildlife . It is considered the greatest
pest threat to Florida ' s $ 1 . 5 billion citrus crop , as well as endangering many other
economically significant crops ( Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services ,
1998a ) . For example , a Medfly outbreak in 1997 cost an estimated $ 32 million to eradicate in
Manatee , Marion , Orange , Polk , and Sarasota counties ( United States Depa ment of
Agriculture , 1999 ) . If a long -term or widespread Medfly infestation were to occur, Florida
growers would not be permitted to ship numerous fruit and vegetable crops tc many foreign
and domestic markets . The movement of fruits and vegetables , even within tie state , would
be disrupted , which could lead to higher prices in the supermarket . Costly post-harvest
treatment of fruits and vegetables to meet quarantine restrictions of domestic and foreign
markets would also be required . If the Medfly is not eradicated in Florida , ongoing pesticide
treatments by homeowners and commercial growers will be necessary .
4- 50
Adult Med flies are up to '/4 inch long , black with yellow abdomens and have
1%W yellow marks on their thoraxes . Their wings are banded with yellow. The fernale Medfly
damages produce by laying eggs in the host fruit or vegetable . The resulting larvae feed on
the pulp , rendering the produce unfit for human consumption . In addition to citrus , med flies
will feed on hundreds of other commercial and backyard fruit and vegetable crops .
Because med flies are not strong fliers , the pest is spread by the transport of
larval -infested fruit . The major threats come from travelers , the U . S . mail , and commercial
fruit smugglers . Several steps have been taken to prevent new infestations , State and
Federal officials are working with postal authorities to develop ways to inspect packages
suspected of carrying infested fruit . In addition , public education efforts carryng the
message , " Don 't Spread Med " are being expanded ( Florida Department of Agriculture and
Consumer Services , 1998b ) .
4. 1 . 11 . 3 Sugarcane Pests
Changes in sugarcane agriculture , including new disease and insect pests , have
seriously impacted the quality of cane and juice delivered to the mill for processing , These
changing developments affect the level of sucrose , purity , fiber, and color of cane , resulting in
a loss of sugar and decrease in the quantity and quality of sugar produced ( Legendre et al . ,
1998 ) .
4. 1 . 11 . 4 TYLCV
The TYLCV is believed to have entered the state in Dade County sometime in
'%r early 1997 ( Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 1999 ) . Symptoms
vary among tomato types , but in general , leaves produced shortly after infection are reduced
in size , distorted , cupped inward or downward , and have a yellow mottle . Fewer than 1 in
10 flowers will produce fruit after TYLCV infection , severely reducing yields .
The virus is transmitted by adult silverleaf whiteflies . Although frequent
applications of pesticides help to decrease whitefly populations and suppress the spread of
TYLCV , virus management through whitefly control is not possible in years where whitefly
populations are high . Fortunately , the virus is not transmitted through seed or casual contact
with infected plants .
4. 1 . 11 . 5 Vulnerability Assessment
Agricultural pests and diseases can have the following potential im acts within a
community :
• Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship
• Economic disruption ;
• Agricultural/fisheries damage ; and
• Damage to critical environmental resources .
Agricultural pests and diseases are a more significant hazard in those areas of the
County where agriculture is a more significant element in the economic base . The western
%W
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portion of Indian River County is a major ranching area , and there are numerous nurseries
and smaller agricultural - related businesses located throughout the County .
4. 1 . 11 . 6 Risk Assessment
Because agricultural pests and diseases can have a significant impact on
agricultural - related businesses , it is important to look at agricultural - related income to
determine potential loss . In 2000 , Indian River County also produced 20 , 438 , 00 boxes of
citrus . The State of Florida has the second highest tomato sales , bringing in 392 million in
1999 ( University of Florida , 2001 ) . The Fellsmere and Wabasso areas are major
agribusiness centers .
4A A 2 Epidemics
Infectious diseases emerging throughout history have included some of the most
feared plagues of the past. New infections continue to emerge today , while many of the old
plagues are still with us . As demonstrated by influenza epidemics , under suitable
circumstances , a new infection first appearing anywhere in the world could travel across
entire continents within days or weeks ( Morse , 1995 ) . Due to the potential of omplex health
and medical conditions that can threaten the general population , Florida ' s vulnerability to an
epidemic is continually being monitored . With millions of tourists arriving and departing the
state annually , disease and disease exposure (airborne , vector, and ingestion ) are constantly
evaluated and analyzed .
Primarily as a result of the entrance of undocumented aliens into south Florida ,
*% r and the large number of small wildlife , previously controlled or eradicated diseases have
surfaced . Health officials closely monitor this potential threat to the public health . The
emphasis upon preventive medical measures such as school inoculation , pet licensing ,
rodent/insect eradication , water purification , sanitary waste disposal , health ing5pections , and
public health education mitigate this potential disaster.
Another potential threat to south Florida 's population is food contarnination .
Frequent news stories document that E. coli and botulism breakouts throughout the country
are not that uncommon . Most recently , millions of pounds of possibly contaminated beef
from the Hudson packing plant were seized by the Department of Agriculture and destroyed .
Best available data indicate that there have been no previous occurrences of
epidemics in Indian River County or the municipalities .
Because epidemics are hazards that are not bounded by geographic or
topographic characteristics , there are no definite means to determine whether or not the
extent of this hazard differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction within Indian River County .
4. 1 . 12. 1 Vulnerability Assessment
Florida is more vulnerable than many other states to possible outbreaks of
infectious diseases due to the large number of international and U . S . tourists i attracts . The
number of illegal aliens reaching U . S . shores also increases vulnerability to disease hazards .
Indian River County' s vulnerability to epidemic outbreaks is considered relatively low when
''`r assessed against other Florida counties , primarily because its population is lower and it is not
4-52
a key destination for illegal immigration . Medical facilities are adequate for cu Brent need , but
would be stressed if forced to deal with a major disease outbreak .
4.2 TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
This subsection will now identify those hazards in Indian River County identified
as being technological hazards .
4 .2 . 1 Radiological Accidents
While an actual release of radioactive material is extremely unlikely and the
immediate threat to life extremely low , vulnerability to a nuclear plant disaster ould consist of
long -range health effects with temporary and permanent displacement of pop lation from
affected areas . The potential danger from an accident at a nuclear power pla t is exposure
to radiation . This exposure could come from the release of radioactive material from the
plant into the environment, usually characterized by a plume (cloudlike) forma ion . The area
the radioactive release may affect is determined by the amount released from the plant , wind
direction and speed and weather conditions (e . g . , rain ) , which would quickly d sive the
radioactive material into the ground , hence causing increased deposition of ra Jionuclides .
Thirty of the 67 counties in the State of Florida are involved in prep 3redness
planning for a commercial nuclear power plant emergency . Emergency Plann ng Zones
( EPZs ) have been designated for each power plant to enhance planning effort for an
emergency . An EPZ is comprised of two zones , the 10- mile plume exposure Zone and the
50- mile ingestion exposure zone ( Nuclear Energy Institute , 2004) . Specific coordinating
1%W procedures for response to a general emergency at a nuclear power plant ha been
prepared in the form of standard operating procedures . These include emergency
classification levels , which assist in notifying the public if a problem occurs at ca plant. They
are defined by four categories ( FEMA , 2004 ) :
• Notification of Unusual Event — The event poses no threat to plant employees ,
but emergency officials are notified . No action by the public is necessary.
• Alert — An event has occurred that could reduce the plant' s leve I of safety , but
back-up systems still work . Emergency agencies are notified aid kept
informed , but no action by the public is necessary .
• Site Area Emergency — The event involves major problems witIB the plant' s
safety and has progressed to the point that a release of some radioactivity into
the air or water is possible , but is not expected to exceed EPA Protective
Action Guidelines ( PAGs ) . Thus , no action by the public is necessary .
• General Emergency — The event has caused a loss of safety systems . If such
an event occurs , radiation could be released that would penetrate the site
boundary . State and local authorities will take action to protect the residents
living near the plant. The alert and notification system will be sounded .
People in the affected areas could be advised to evacuate , or in some
situations , to shelter in place . When the sirens are sounded , radio and
television alerts will have site-specific information and instructions .
The St . Lucie nuclear power generation plant is located 12 mile SOL theast of the
City of Ft. Pierce on Hutchinson Island in St. Lucie County . The facility contains two reactors
` %W and is owned and operated by the Florida Power & Light Company . Counties within the
4-53
50- mile EPZ include all or portions of St. Lucie , Indian River , Glades , Osceola Okeechobee ,
Brevard , Highlands , Palm Beach , and Indian River.
4. 2. 1 . 1 Vulnerability Assessment
Radiological accidents can have the following potential impacts on a community :
• Electric power outage ;
• Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Telecommunications system outage ;
• Human and health safety ;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Economic disruption ;
• Disruption of community services ;
• Damage to critical environmental resources ; and
• Toxic releases .
Because of its location relative to the St . Lucie nuclear power plant parts of Indian
River County have a high vulnerability to a nuclear power plant accident or nuclear materials
release . While the County' s level of vulnerability is high , the frequency with which nuclear
power plant accidents occur is very low, and the overall risk to the citizens of Indian River
County is therefore considered low. Nuclear emergency in Indian River County has received
massive emergency management attention at all levels of government . Emergency
management planning and regulation relative to nuclear power plant accidents exists at the
%W Federal , State , local , and corporate levels .
4. 2. 1 . 2 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , no data were available to determine the potential loss
associated with a radiological accident in Indian River County .
4 .2 .2 Power Failure
Power failure can result from a variety of related causes , including sagging lines
due to hot weather, flashovers from transmission lines to nearby trees , and incorrect relay
settings . According to the electric utility industry's trade association , the potential for such
disturbances is expected to increase with the profound changes now sweeping the electric
utility industry .
To address times when generating capacity is tight, or falls below consumer
demand due to State or local emergencies , the Florida Electrical Emergency Contingency
Plan was developed . Alerts have been created to give early warning of potential electricity
shortfalls and bring utilities , emergency management officials , and the general public to a
state of preparedness . The Contingency Plan has four stages ( Florida Reliability
Coordinating Council , 2004 ) :
• Generating Capacity Advisory — A Generating Capacity Advisory is primarily
for information purposes . It starts utility tracking activities , and it initiates
*,, inter- utility and inter-agency communication . No action by the public is
4- 54
required . General information may be distributed to consumers to forewarn
them of conditions if necessary .
• Generating Capacity Alert — A Generating Capacity Alert starts actions to
increase reserves . Available emergency supply options will be explored .
When reserves fall below the size of the largest generating unit in the state ,
loss of that size unit to an unexpected mechanical failure could ead to
blackouts somewhere since insufficient backup is available .
• Generating Capacity Emergency — A Generating Capacity Eme gency occurs
when blackouts are inevitable somewhere in Florida . Every available means
of balancing supply and demand will be exhausted . Rolling blackouts ,
manually activated by utilities , are a last resort to avoid system overload and
possible equipment damage . Frequent status reports are provi ed to
agencies and the media . The Division of Emergency Management will
consider using the Emergency Broadcast System to inform citizens of events
and to direct them to available shelters if conditions warranted . Recognizing
the consequences of a loss of electricity , individual utility emergency plans
include provisions for special facilities critical to the safety and welfare of
citizens .
• System Load Restoration — System Load Restoration is instituted when rolling
blackouts have been terminated and power supply is adequate . It is the
recovery stage , and efforts are made to provide frequent systern status
reports .
Historic Events. In the U . S . , from 2 July to 10 August 1996 , the Western States
Utility Power Grid reported widespread power outages that affected millions of customers in
several western states and adjacent areas of Canada and Mexico .
A massive power outage struck the northeast on Thursday , 14 August 2003 .
Areas affected by the outage included New York City and Albany , New York ; Cleveland and
Toledo , Ohio ; Detroit and Lansing , Michigan ; parts of New Jersey and Connec icut ; as well
as Toronto and Ontario , Canada . The most extensive power failure in history , t shut down
10 major airports , 9 power plants , affected 50 million people , and led to a decla red State of
Emergency in New York City . The Ford Motor Company lost production capability at 21 of its
facilities . Two deaths and 71 fires were attributed to the outage in New York Cly alone
( Gellman and Milbank , 2003 ) . The preliminary economic impacts of this event are large . It is
estimated that the power failure cost approximately $ 1 billion , including $ 800 million in unsold
goods and services and $250 million in spoiled food .
4. 2. 2. 9 Vulnerability Assessment
Power failure can have the following potential impacts on a commu ity:
• Electrical power outage ;
• Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Potable water system loss of disruption ;
• Sewer system outage ;
• Telecommunication system outage ;
• Human and health safety ;
fir, • Psychological hardship ;
4-55
Economic disruption ; and
• Disruption of community services
Power failures have the same potential impacts in all Indian River County
communities . The vulnerabilities of all communities to power failures is considered
moderate . The power grid throughout Indian River County is diversified , and there are no
single choke points or distribution nodes whose failure would disrupt power distribution to the
entire community.
4. 2. 2. 2 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , no model was available to determine the potential loss
associated with power failure in Indian River County .
4 .2 . 3 Hazardous Materials Accident
Hazardous materials accidents can occur anywhere there is a road , rail line ,
pipeline , or fixed facility storing hazardous materials . Virtually the entire state i4ft at risk to an
unpredictable accident of some type . Most accidents are small spills and leaks , but some
result in injuries , property damage , environmental contamination , and other consequences .
These materials can be poisonous , corrosive , flammable , radioactive , or pose ther hazards
and are regulated by the Department of Transportation . However, out of approximately
1 , 663 hazardous materials incidents reported statewide in 1997 , no known fatalities were
reported , less than 4% resulted in injuries , and less than 6 % resulted in evacuation .
Emergencies involving hazardous materials can be expected to range from a
minor accident with no off-site effects to a major accident , which may result in an off-site
release of hazardous or toxic materials . The overall objective of chemical emergency
response planning and preparedness is to minimize exposure for a wide range of accidents
that could produce off-site levels of contamination in excess of Levels of Concern established
by the EPA. Minimizing this exposure will reduce the consequences of an emergency to
people in the area near to facilities that manufacture , store , or process hazardc us materials
(Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council , 1998 ) .
A large volume of hazardous materials is transported to and through the County
by railroad and highway , air , water, and pipeline daily . Within Indian River County , there are
a number of both public and private fixed facilities that produce or use hazardous materials .
Coordinating procedures for hazardous material response are found within the County's
Emergency Plan for Hazardous Materials .
Mishandling and improper disposal or storage of medical wastes and low- level
radioactive products from medical use are also a hazard to Indian River County . For
example , a few years ago an incident occurred in New Jersey when improper c isposal of
medical wastes resulted in some of the used products ending up on Atlantic Ocean beaches .
4. 2. 3. 9 Vulnerability Assessment
Hazardous materials events can have the following potential impact3l within a
fir► community :
4-56
Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Economic disruption ;
• Disruption of community services ;
• Fire ; and
• Toxic releases .
A community' s vulnerability to hazardous materials accidents depends on three
factors . These are
1 ) The major transportation routes that pass through the communi ;
2 ) The hazardous material generators located in or near the community ; and
3 ) The resources in terms of people and property are in an area of possible
impact from a hazardous materials release .
Overall , Indian River County has a moderate vulnerability to impact from
hazardous materials releases . There are relatively few major generators within the County,
and those that do exist are generally away from major population centers . An area of high
vulnerability for hazardous materials accidents is the City of Vero Beach , due to the
transportation network ( both highway and rail ) that passes through the area .
4Z12 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , no data were available to determine the loss in Indian
River County due to power failure .
4 .2 . 4 Transportation System Accidents
Florida has a large transportation network consisting of major highways , airports ,
marine ports , and passenger railroads . The heavily populated areas of Indian River County
are particularly vulnerable to serious accidents , which are capable of producing mass
casualties . With the linear configuration of several major highways in Indian River County ,
such as interstate highways and the Florida Turnpike , major transportation acc dents could
occur in a relatively rural area , severely stressing the capabilities of local resources to
respond effectively . Installing cameras on interstate highways and major trans ortation
routes can assist in monitoring movement throughout the County, as well as pr vide for
quicker response to traffic system accidents as well . A notorious example is tha crash in the
Everglades of ValuJet Flight 597 on 11 May 1996 , which resulted in 109 fatalities and cost
millions of dollars , severely taxing the financial and public safety resources of Dade County
( FDCA , 2001 ) . Similarly , a major transportation accident could involve a large lumber of
tourists and visitors from other countries , given Florida ' s popularity as a vacation destination ,
further complicating the emergency response to such an event. In the past , wil land fires in
Florida have forced the closing of interstate highways , creating tremendous impacts on the
transportation systems .
As a major industrial nation , the U . S . produces , distributes , and consumes large
quantities of oil . Petroleum- based oil is used as a major power source to fuel factories and
various modes of transportation , and in many everyday products , such as plast cs , nylon ,
paints , tires , cosmetics , and detergents ( EPA , 1998 ) . At every point in the proc uction ,
4-57
distribution , and consumption process , oil is stored in tanks . With billions of gallons of oil
being stored throughout the country , the potential for an oil spill is significant , and the effects
of spilled oil can pose serious threats to the environment .
In addition to petroleum-based oil , the U . S . consumes millions of gallons of
non-petroleum oils , such as silicone and mineral - based oils and animal and vegetable oils .
Like petroleum products , these non- petroleum oils are often stored in tanks that have the
potential to spill , causing environmental damages that are just as serious as those caused by
petroleum- based oils . To address the potential environmental threat posed by petroleum and
non -petroleum oils , the EPA has established a program designed to prevent oil spills . The
program has reduced the number of spills to less than 1 % of the total volume handled each
year ( EPA , 1998 ) .
Indian River County has about 18 miles of Atlantic Ocean coastline hat is subject
to contamination caused by an oil spill . By Executive Order, the responsibility r preparing
response plans for coastal oil spills is designated to the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection , Division of Florida Marine Patrol ( Indian River County Emergency ry anagement
Division , 2000 ) . The Florida Coastal Pollutant Spill Plan has been prepared to oordinate
response procedures and recovery efforts after a spill . There are two active oil field regions
in Florida : in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties in the Panhandle , and Collier Dade ,
Hendry, and Lee counties in southwest Florida .
4. 2. 4. 1 Vulnerability Assessment
Transportation system accidents can have the following potential impacts within a
community:
• Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Navigable waterway impairment ;
• Human health and safety;
• Economic disruption ;
• Disruption of community services ;
• Fire ; and
• Toxic releases .
There is no longer any commercial air traffic coming into the Vero M nicipal
Airport, but the Vero Airport is a major general aviation facility with two large flic ht schools ,
Piper Aircraft, and considerable private and charter air traffic. Aviation is an important
element of the economy in Indian River County , and this activity raises the Cou ty' s
vulnerability to aviation -associated accidents . Vulnerability to transportation system
accidents also is associated with the highway and rail systems that run through the County .
Individual community and population center vulnerabilities to this hazard are entirely
dependent upon location . The cities of Vero Beach and Sebastian have higher vulnerabilities
to rail system accidents . The western unincorporated portion of the County has a higher
vulnerability to major highway accidents due to the presence of 1 -95 . The Tow s of Orchid
and Indian River Shores have a low vulnerability in this area . The Florida East Coast
Railroad blocks traffic to the hospital when trains pass through town ; grade separated
overpasses are necessary at 41St Street , Aviation Boulevard and 33rd Street , and 4th Street .
`err
4-58
4. 2. 4. 2 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , data were not available to determine the potential loss
in Indian River County due to transportation system accidents .
4 .2 . 5 Wellfield Contamination
The development of wellfield protection programs is a major preve itative
approach for the protection of community drinking water supplies . Wellfield protection is a
means of safeguarding public water supply wells by preventing contaminants from entering
the area that contributes water to the well or wellfield over a period of time . IV anagement
plans are developed for the wellfield protection area that include inventorying potential
sources of ground water contamination , monitoring for the presence of specific contaminants ,
and managing existing and proposed land and water uses that pose a threat to ground water
quality .
Ground water is an essential natural resource . It is a source of drinking water for
more than half of the U . S . population and more than 950% of the rural population ( Browning ,
1998 ) . In addition , ground water is a support system for sensitive ecosystem , such as
wetlands or wildlife habitats .
Between 1971 and 1985 , there were 245 ground water- related outbreaks of
disease , resulting in more than 52 , 000 individuals being affected by associated illnesses
( Browning , 1998) . While most of these diseases were short-term digestive disorders caused
by bacteria and viruses , hazardous chemicals found in wells nationwide also Dose risks to
public health .
The 1986 Amendments to the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act require states to
implement wellfield protection programs for public water wells . Prevention strategies include
maintaining isolation distances from potential contamination sources , reporting to the state
violations of isolation distance , and asking a local governmental unit to regulate these
sources .
Cleaning up contaminated ground water can be technically difficult , extremely
expensive , and sometimes simply cannot be done . Contaminated ground water also affects
the community by discouraging new businesses or residents from locating in that community .
4. 2. 5. 1 Vulnerability Assessment
Wellfield contamination can have the following potential impacts within a
community:
• Potable water system loss or disruption ;
• Sewer system outage ;
• Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Economic disruption ; and
• Disruption of community services .
4-59
Wellfield contamination has not been a major problem for most of Indian River
County . There is some potential exposure to this hazard in the eastern portion of the County ,
but overall , the County vulnerability to this hazard is considered low . The County addresses
the issue of wellfield contamination in the Comprehensive Growth Management Plan —
Future Land Use Element.
4. 2. 5. 2 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , no data were available to determine the potential loss
associated with wellfield contamination in Indian River County ,
4 .2 . 6 Communications Failure
As society emerges from industrial production into the age of information , we are
seeing new kinds of technological accidents/disasters . Recently , a communications failure
occurred that was the worst in 37 years of satellite service . Some major problems with the
telecommunications satellite Galaxy IV drastically affected 120 companies in the paging
industry ( Rubin , 1998 ) . Radio and other forms of news broadcasts also were affected . The
pager failure not only affected personal and business communications , but emergency
managers and medical personnel as well .
4. 2. 6. 1 Vulnerability Assessment
Communication failure can have the following potential impacts w thin a
community :
• Telecommunications system outage ;
• Economic disruption ; and
• Disruption of community services .
Communications failures have a greater potential to produce adverse economic
impacts in business- based rather than retirement or residential communities . On the other
hand , communications system failures in residential and retirement communities may put
more human lives at risk . Indian River County' s vulnerability to communications systems
failures is generally considered moderate . The City of Vero Beach has a hig er vulnerability
to this hazard because it is the center of government and business within thE County , and
Fellsmere has a low vulnerability due to its location and small population size . Basically ,
Indian River County' s vulnerability to this hazard is no greater or less than m st other Florida
coastal counties .
4. 2. 6. 2 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , no data were available to determine thE potential loss
associated with communication failure in Indian River County .
4 .2 . 7 Military Ordnance from WWII
Unexploded military ordnance is a hazard unique to Indian River County . The
former Ft. Pierce Naval Amphibious Training Base was established in 1942 , and its training
exercises were conducted on outlying areas of North and South Hutchinson stands . Training
at the base included testing of bombs , rockets , and mines . Several explosive devices left
4-60
over from these training missions have been found along the shores of Vero each and
'`► Ft . Pierce . Public exposure to unexploded ordnance could occur primarily as a result of
three types of activities : earth moving ( building construction , pool constructio , and major
landscaping ) , recreational diving , and use of beach areas . Unexploded ordnance also may
wash ashore or be exposed after storms ( Indian River County Department of Emergency
Services , 2002 ) . Prior clean - up operations have been coordinated by the U . S . Army Corps of
Engineers (Jacksonville office ) with the full cooperation of the Indian River County
Department of Emergency Management.
4. 2. 7. 1 Vulnerability Assessment
Unexploded military ordnance can have the following potential impacts within a
community:
Health and human safety;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Damage to critical environmental resources ; and
Toxic release .
There is some exposure to risk from unexploded military ordnance in Indian River
County , but the overall vulnerability of County residents to this hazard is very low . The
communities most vulnerable to this hazard are the City of Vero Beach and the
unincorporated areas along the eastern side of Hutchinson Island south of Vero Beach to the
St. Lucie County line . While old military ordnance does occasionally surface along these
beaches , there has never been a case where this ordnance was still live .
4. 2. 7. 2 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , no data were available to determine the potential loss
associated with unexploded military ordnance in Indian River County .
4. 3 SOCIETAL HAZARDS
This subsection will now identify those hazards in Indian River Co inty identified
as being societal hazards .
4 . 3 . 1 Terrorism and Sabotage
4. 3. 9 . 1 Terrorism
Terrorist attacks may take the form of induced dam or levee failures , the use of
hazardous materials to injure or kill , or the use of biological weapons to creat an epidemic .
While there have not been any successful acts of terrorism committed in Flor da in recent
years , it is recognized that the state has many critical and high -profile facilities , high
population concentrations , and other potentially attractive venues for terrorist activity that are
inherently vulnerable to a variety of terrorist methods . Governmental/political, transportation ,
commercial , infrastructure , cultural , academic , research , military , athletic , and other activities
and facilities constitute ideal targets for terrorist attacks , which may cause catastrophic levels
of property and environmental damage , injury , and loss of life . Furthermore , a variety of
*%W extremist groups are known to operate within Florida , and potential terrorist attacks have
4-61
r.r been investigated and averted in recent years ( Indian River County Department of
Emergency Services , 2002) .
Acts of terrorism also are capable of creating disasters that threaten the safety of
a large number of citizens . The U . S . has been relatively untouched by the storm of terrorist
activities experienced in other parts of the world ; however, in recent years , an increasing
incidence of terrorism has been recorded in this nation .
The Federal government has recognized that the U . S . has entere the post- Cold
War era . As a result , Federal planning guidelines regarding military threats E re in transition .
However , nuclear weapons continue to be a serious planning concern espec ally in areas
surrounding military installations ( Indian River County Department of EmergE ncy Services ,
2002 ) . Those involved with the emergency management of government mor itor the influx of
undocumented aliens into south Florida from areas unfriendly to the interests of the U . S .
Historical Events. On 11 September 2001 , terrorists attacked the World Trade
Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington , DC , crashing hijacked commercial
airplanes into the structures . All told , approximately 3 , 000 civilians and emergency response
personnel perished in the attack . The long -term economic and psychological impacts of this
event are astounding . New York City alone experienced capital losses totaling 34 million
dollars . The attack on the World Trade Center resulted in a loss of 12 . 5 million square feet of
office space and damaged 7 . 7 million more . The insured losses associated with the event
totaled 52 million dollars . The City estimates that 125 , 300 jobs were lost because of the
attack ( National Conference of State Legislatures , 2003 ) , The September 11th attacks also
had local connections to Indian River County as some of the New York City terrorists
%W received flight training at the Vero Beach Municipal Airport ,
4. 3. 1 . 2 Computer Accidents and Sabotage
The President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection ( CCIP) recently
reported that there is increasing threat that the U . S . could suffer something similar to an
" Electronic Pearl Harbor" ( Rubin , 1998 ) . Networked information systems present new
security challenges in addition to the benefits they offer. Long -term power OLItages could
cause massive computer outages , with severe economic impacts such as to s of sales , credit
checking , banking transactions , and ability to communicate and exchange information and
data . "Today , the right command sent over a network to a power generating station 's control
computer could be just as effective as a backpack full of explosives , and the perpetrator
would be harder to identify and apprehend , " states the PCCIP report.
With the growth of a computer- literate population , increasing numbers of people
possess the skills necessary to attempt such an attack . The resources to conduct a cyber
attack are now easily accessible everywhere . A personal computer and an Internet service
provider anywhere in the world are enough to cause a great deal of harm . Threats include
( Rubin , 1998 )
• Human error;
• Insider use of authorized access for unauthorized disruptive purposes ;
• Recreational hackers - with or without hostile intent ;
• Criminal activity - for financial gain , to steal information or services , or
*4w organized crime ;
4-62
Industrial espionage ;
Terrorism - including various disruptive operations ; and
National intelligence - information warfare , intended disruption f military
operations .
The effects of such activities may take the form of disruption of air traffic controls ,
train switches , banking transfers , police investigations , commercial transactio s , defense
plans , power line controls , and other essential functions . As the Internet becomes more and
more important , the loss of its services , whether by accident or intent , becomes a greater
hardship for those relying on this new form of communication . Computer failures could affect
emergency communications as well as routine civilian applications , such as telephone
service , brokerage transactions , credit card payments , Social Security payme ts , pharmacy
transactions , airline schedules , etc .
4. 3. 1 . 3 Vulnerability Assessment
Terrorism and sabotage events can have the following potential irT pacts within a
community :
Electric power outage ;
Surface and air transportation disruption ;
Potable water system loss or disruption ;
Sewer system outage ;
• Telecommunications system outage ;
1,, . Human health and safety;
Psychological hardship ;
Economic disruption ;
Disruption of community services ;
Damage to critical environmental resources ;
Damage to identified historical resources ;
Fire ; and
Toxic releases .
The possibilities for terrorism and sabotage in Indian River County are extremely
limited , and the County' s vulnerability to this hazard is very low . The City of Vero Beach has
a slightly higher vulnerability to terrorism as the center of government , but this vulnerability is
still considered low. The towns of Indian River Shores and Orchid have a slightly higher risk
of what may be described as "celebrity terrorism " due to the national prominE nce of some of
their citizens , but the overall community vulnerability still remains low.
4 . 3 . 2 Civil Disturbance
As in any other area , Indian River County is subject to civil disturbances in the
form of riots , mob violence , and a breakdown of law and order in a focalized area .
Communities with racial mixtures , gang violence , and drug trafficking are increasingly aware
of the need to plan for civil disturbance emergencies ( Indian River County Department of
Emergency Services , 2002 ) . Although they can occur at any time , civil disturbances are
often preceded by periods of increased tension caused by questionable social and/or political
'rr events such as controversial jury trials or law enforcement actions ( Indian River County
4-63
Department of Emergency Services , 2002) . Police services are responsible for the
restoration of law and order in any area of the County .
4. 3. 2. 1 Vulnerability Assessment
Civil disturbance can have the following potential impacts within a ommunity:
Surface and air transportation disruption ;
• Human health and safety ;
• Psychological hardship ;
• Economic disruption ;
Disruption of community services ;
Damage to identified historical resources ; and
Fire .
The potential for civil disturbances in Indian River County is considered very low .
The City of Vero Beach has a moderate vulnerability in this area , but in general , civil
disturbance is not a significant hazard faced by Indian River County .
4. 3. 2. 2 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , there were no data available to determine the loss
associated with civil disruption in Indian River County . However, property damage and some
injuries could be expected during such an event.
4 . 3 . 3 Immigration Crisis
Florida ' s location as the nearest U . S . landmass bordering the Car bbean basin
makes it a chosen point of entry for many migrants attempting to enter the country illegally . A
major consequence of a mass arrival of illegal immigrants could be disruption to the routine
functioning of the impacted community , resulting in significant expenditures related to the
situation . An example of this threat occurred in 1994 , when the State responded to two mass
migration incidents . In May 1994 , there was an unexpected migration of app oximately
100 Haitian refugees ; while in August 1994 , there was an influx of 700 Cubans ( Indian River
County Department of Emergency Services , 2002 ) . These events are typically preceded by
periods of increasing tension abroad , which can be detected and monitored . Enforcement of
immigration laws is a Federal government responsibility . However, it is antic pated that joint
jurisdictional support of any operation will be required from the State and local governments .
The Atlantic shore of Indian River County is the frequent scene of the arrival of
undocumented aliens , usually Haitian or Cuban ( Indian River County Depart ent of
Emergency Services , 2002 ) , The County has both the history and the poten ial for the
unannounced arrival of a large number of aliens . Until relieved of the respor sibility by the
State and Federal governments , Indian River County must be capable of providing mass
refugee care to include shelter , food , water, transportation , medical , police p otection , and
other social services .
'fir•
4-64
4. 3. 3. 1 Vulnerability Assessment
Immigration crises can have the following potential impacts within a community :
Human health and safety ;
Psychological hardship ;
Economic disruption ; and
Disruption of community services .
Reviewing the data on past illegal immigration and mass population movements
such as the Haitian influx and Cuban raft incidents of the 1980' s indicates that illegal
immigration has never reached a crisis state for the local authorities in Indian River County .
Overall , the County vulnerability to this hazard is very low . Due to demographic features , the
City of Vero Beach has a slightly higher, but still low vulnerability to illegal immigration
impacts .
4, 112 Risk Assessment
At the time of publication , there were no data available to determir a the loss
associated with immigration crises in Indian River County . However, propert damage and
some injuries could be expected during such an event .
4 . 4 SUMMARY
,%W Indian River County' s proximity to water and large population concentrations
contribute to the heightened potential for property and content damage , loss of life ,
community and emergency service disruption , and economic losses due to flooding
associated with both flooding and storm surge . While flooding is the most probable and
frequent hazard in Indian River County , wind damage associated with tornad es and severe
thunderstorms can be significant hazards due to construction materials and methods .
Because agriculture plays such a large role in the Indian River County economy , agricultural
pests and diseases , droughts , and temperature extremes are important hazards against
which to mitigate .
The City of Vero Beach 's location adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and Intercoastal
Waterway make it especially vulnerable to water and wind -related hazards as well as
erosion . The City has low to moderate risk from wildland fires due to its locat on and
development patterns .
The Town of Indian River Shores , located on the barrier island , is particularly
vulnerable to flooding , erosion , and both water and wind associated with tropical storms and
hurricanes . The Town has a low risk from wildland fires due to its location arid development
patterns .
The Town of Orchid , located on the barrier island , is particularly vulnerable to
flooding , erosion , and both water and wind associated with tropical storms arid hurricanes .
The Town has a low risk from wildland fires due to its location and development patterns .
The City of Sebastian , located adjacent to both the Intercoastal Waterway and
*A" Sebastian Creek is vulnerable to flooding and storm surge . The majority of the City has been
4-65
assessed as having a moderate wildland fire risk due to its location and development
patterns .
The Town of Fellsmere is less vulnerable to the impacts of tropical storms and
hurricanes due to its location west of 1 -95 ; however , its rural nature , makes it more
susceptible to the impacts of wildland fires .
Indian River County is a large and diversified County , and while all County
residents are exposed to some degree to the hazards identified in Table 4 .22 geographic
location as well as other factors greatly affects individual vulnerabilities to specific hazards .
While there are only five incorporated jurisdictions in Indian River County , there are several
geographically distinct urbanized population centers , and their relative vulnercabilities have
also been indicated in Table 4 .22 .
Because mitigation dollars tend to be scarce , it is important for communities to
use the dollars on projects or activities that are cost effective . FEMA has made cost
effectiveness a requirement of funding for most of their programs . Cost-effec ive projects are
those that aim to reduce , if possible , the frequency , vulnerability , and exposure of hazards in
the community . Table 4 .23 summarizes Indian River County' s risk or potential for loss
relative to each of the hazards identified .
4-66
Table 4 . 22 . Indian River County hazard vulnerability by incorporated jurisdiction and population centers .
Jurisdictions Population Centers County
Hazard Category Town of Town City of South Route Vero
Town of Indian City of Unincorporated Wabasso Western Overall
Fellsmere River °f Sebastian Vero Orchid Island County Area Lake County Vulnerability
Shores Orchid Beach Area Area Estates
Natural Hazards
Flood • • • • • • • • • •
Hurricane/tropical • • • • • • • • • • •
storm —
Tornado ❑ ❑ ❑
Severe •
thunderstorm/lightning — — — — — — — — — — —
.p
Drought — ❑ ❑ — — ❑ — ❑ — ❑ ❑ —
Temperature extremes ❑ — — ❑ ❑ ❑ — ❑ — ❑ — —
Agricultural pests and • ❑ •
diseases El — — El — El — — —
W ildland/Urban
Interface Zone — El El ❑ El 1:1 — — • — • —
Muck fires O O O O O O ❑ O O O ❑ O
Soil/beach erosion O ❑ • ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ O
Epidemic ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
Seismic hazards (sink ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ El El El
holes/soils failure) t
• = High , = Moderate , ❑ = Low, and 0 = Very Low .
Table 4 . 22 . (Continued ) .
Jurisdictions Population Centers County
Hazard Category Town of Town City of South Route Vero
Town of Indian City of Unincorporated Wabasso Western Overall
Fellsmere River of Sebastian Vero Orchid Island County Area Lake County Vulnerability
Shores Orchid Beach Area Area Estates
Technological Hazards
Hazardous materials O O O ❑ ❑
accident — — — — — —
Radiological accidents
including nuclear • • • • — — — —
ower plant accidents — — — —
Communications
failure ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ — ❑ ❑ — ❑ ❑ O ❑
Transportation system
accidents ❑ O O — • ❑ — — — ❑ El ❑
Wellfield contamination — ❑ ❑ _ — ❑ — — — ❑ ❑ —
rn Power failure
OD (outages)
• • • ❑
— — — — — — — —
Unexploded military O ❑ ❑ O ❑ ❑ O O O O O O
ordnance
Societal Hazards
Civil disturbance ❑ O O ❑ ❑ O ❑ ❑ ❑ O O ❑
Terrorism and O ❑ ❑ O ❑ O O O O O O O
sabotage
Immigration crisis ❑ O O ❑ ❑ O ❑ ❑ ❑ O O ❑
Unincorporated I lutchinson Island Areas of the barrier not within city 0 urisdictions .
South County Area = The area south of the City of Vero Beach and west of the Indian River (Both sides of U . S . Highway 1 )
.
Route 60 Area = Area west of the City of Vero Beach along Route 60 between the City and 1-95 .
Wabasso Area = The area to the south of the City of Sebastian .
Vero Lake Estates = The large development area west and south of the City of Sebastian .
Western County = Area west of 1 -95 .
• = High , = Moderate , 0 = Low, and 0 = Very Low .
Table 4 . 23 . Risk assessment and hazard evaluation for Indian River County ,
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category Risk
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure Potential for Loss
Natural Hazards
Floods Flooding significant Countywide vulnerability is high but Property damage along the coast of Indian River Frequency
= High
enough to damage area specific. County occurs most often in the late winter or Vulnerability = High
property occurs regularly early spring and is associated with winter storms Exposure = High
in Indian River County. and northeasters . Flooding in the inland portions Risk = High
This is particularly true in of the County occurs most often in the fall and is
unincorporated areas often associated with tropical depressions and
and in the Town of tropical storms . Incidences of flooding in specific
Fellsmere . areas on Indian River County seem to be on the
increase. Total flooding exposure for all building
types based on the Federal Emergency
Management Agency's Flood Insurance Rate
Maps data from the 2004 Mapping for
Emergency Management, Parallel Hazard
co Information System (MEMPHIS) database is
$3 ,266 ,942 ,271 (A+V Zones)
Hurricanes/Tropical Storms
Tropical Storms Pass within 100 nautical High from rain-associated flooding The major causes of damage associated with Frequency
= High
miles of Indian River damages; relatively low from wind tropical storms are heavy rain and flooding . Vulnerability
= High
County once or twice damage . Many communities within Indian River County Exposure = Moderate
every year. have particularly high vulnerabilities to flooding Risk = High
associated with these storms . Total tropical
storm exposure for Indian River County based on
The Arbiter of Storms (TAOS) ( 1999 ) is
$699 ,931 ,922
Table 4 . 23 . (Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
KHazardtegory Risk
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure Potential for Loss
Category 1 Pass within 100 nautical High from rain-associated flooding ; The continental shelf off Indian River County is Frequency
= High
Hurricanes miles of Indian River moderate from wind damage . beginning to widen . Consequently, Indian River Vulnerability
= High
County once every County's vulnerability to storm surges from the Exposure = High
3 . 1 years . Atlantic is relatively high when compared to Risk = High
counties to the south . Total Category 1
hurricane exposure for Indian River County
based on MEMPHIS (2004 ) is
Flood Exposure - $ 10962 , 024 ,924
Wind Exposure
Light Damage - $6 ,903 , 511 , 040
Category 2 Pass within 100 nautical High from rain-associated flooding ; Winds in Category 2 storms range from 96 to Frequency
= High
Hurricanes miles of Indian River significant from wind damage . 110 mph . Significant damage is possible in older Vulnerability
= High
County once every wood frame residential construction . Total Exposure = High
5 .3 years . Category 2 hurricane exposure for Indian River Risk = High
p County based on MEMPHIS (2004) is
0
Flood Exposure - $ 1 , 962 ,024 , 924
Wind Exposure
Moderate Damage - $2 , 106 ,437 , 760
Light Damage - $4 , 797 ,234 , 176
Category 3 Pass within 100 nautical Very high from rain-associated Winds in Category 3 storms range from 111 to Frequency
= Moderate
Hurricanes miles of Indian River flooding coupled with storm surge ; 130 mph . These winds can do major damage to Vulnerability
= High
County once every major from wind damage . most residential construction . Total Category 3 Exposure = High
11 . 5 years . hurricane exposure for Indian River County Risk = High
based on MEMPHIS (2004 ) is
Flood Exposure - $4 , 386 , 964 ,864
Wind Exposure
finrota Damage - $6 ,8361 , 5401488
Light Damage - $67 ,015 ,016
Table 4 . 23 . (Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category Risk
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure Potential for Loss
Category 4 Pass within 100 nautical Very high from rain-associated Sustained winds in a Category 4 hurricane range Frequency =
Low
Hurricanes miles of Indian River flooding coupled with storm surge ; from 131 to 155 mph . There are very few Vulnerability
= High
County once every massive from wind damage. commercial structures in Indian River County Exposure = High
202 years . engineered to withstand such winds . Total Risk = Moderate
Category 4 hurricane exposure for Indian River
County based on MEMPHIS (2004 ) is
Flood Exposure - $5,682 , 336 , 000
Wind Exposure
Severe Damage - $4 ,019 , 174 , 912
Heavy Damage - $2 , 638 ,434 ,048
Moderate Damage - $246 , 142 , 176
Light Damage - $ 171705
Category 5 Pass within 100 nautical High from rain-associated flooding ; Sustained winds in a Category 5 hurricane range Frequency
= Very Low
Hurricanes miles of Indian River catastrophic in terms of wind upward from 155 mph . Very few structures can Vulnerability
= High
County once every damage. withstand these winds. Massive flooding may Exposure = High
v 1 ,500 years . occur in the western part of the County resulting Risk = Low
from the storm surge in Lake Okeechobee . Total
Category 5 hurricane exposure for Indian River
County based on MEMPHIS (2004) is
Flood Exposure - $5 ,878 , 161 ,408
Wind Damage
Destroyed - $5 ,764 ,345 ,856
Severe Damage - $ 1 ,092 , 370 , 816
Heavy Damage - $46 ,908 ,544
Light Damage - $ 17 ,705
Table 4 . 23 . ( Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure Risk
Potential for Loss
Tornadoes Between 1950 and 1998 During the 48 years from 1950 to Tornadoes are rated from 0 to 5 based on their Frequency
= Moderate
there were 1998 , 73 people have been killed path length and mean width ( Fujita-Pearson Vulnerability =
Moderate
135 tornadoes , by tornadoes ( 1 . 52 deaths per Scale) . FO tornadoes cause light damage , and Exposure =
Low
waterspouts , and funnel year) . Between 1953 and 2003 , F5 tornadoes cause incredible or catastrophic Risk =
Low
clouds reported from the tornadoes caused one injury and damage .
Treasure Coast area . $ 1 . 3 million in property damage in
Twenty-six of these the County. Of the 91 tornadoes recorded from the Treasure
tornadoes directly Coast area between 1950 and 1998 , 54 were
impacted Indian River Total property damage by classified as FO (59% ) , 28 (31 % ) were classified
County. Of these , tornadoes over this same time as F1 , 8 (9% ) were classified as F2 , and 1 ( 1 %)
91 touched down on land period has been estimated at was classified as an F3 tornado .
and were officially $21 million or approximately
classified as tornadoes $440 ,000 per year. In the County , Total tornado exposure for Indian River County
( 1 .90 tornadoes per tornadoes cause an average of based on MEMPHIS (2004 ) is
year) . $27 ,000 in property damage per
year. $6 , 903 , 527 ,424
v In tornado prone ( 1 in 500 probability)
N
southeast Florida , the
odds of a tornado striking
any specific location are
once every 250 years .
Severe Between May 1996 and These storms resulted in 1 fatality Thunderstorms with strong wind , downbursts , Frequency
= High
Thunderstorms and July 1997 , 22 severe and 18 injuries (from lightning ) , and hail , and lightning are very common on Florida
's Vulnerability = Moderate
Lightning thunder and lightning a total of $50 ,000 in reported southeast coast. Property losses due to lightning Exposure =
Moderate
storms were reported in property damage (also from are poorly documented . We estimate that the Risk = Moderate
Indian River County. lightning ) . This represents an actual property damage from lightning is closer to
( 1 . 69 per month) . average of $3 ,846 in damages per $ 390 ,000 or $32 ,500 per month based on
month . statewide insurance claims .
Since 1953 , 52 serious
thunderstorms have caused a total
of $875 , 000 in property damage ,
averaging around $ 17 ,500 per
year.
Table 4 . 23 . (Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure Risk
Potential for Loss
Drought Every year, some portion Indian River County's vulnerability Indian River County's most direct exposure to Frequency
= High
of the U . S. endures to drought- related damage and drought is the economic loss endured by its Vulnerability
= Moderate
drought conditions . economic loss can occur in many agricultural community . The average annual Exposure = High
Florida has recently areas. Direct impacts include market value of agricultural products from Indian Risk = Moderate
experienced drought reduced crop yield , increased fire River County is approximately $625 million .
conditions annually in the hazard , reduced water levels ,
spring and summer. increased livestock and wildlife
mortality rates , and damage to
wildlife and fishery's habitat. Social
impacts include public safety,
health , conflicts between water
users , and general reduction in the
quality of life .
Temperature Between 1970 and 1999 , Indian River County as a whole has While the loss of life from either extreme low or Frequency
= Moderate
4�L Extremes seven significant freezes a high economic vulnerability to high temperatures in Indian River County is not Vulnerability
= Moderate
have affected Indian freezing temperatures. The most great compared to national statistics , Indian Exposure = Moderate
w River County. significant area of impact is the River County does have a significant economic Risk = Moderate
commercial agricultural segment of exposure to low temperatures in both the public
Prolonged periods of the community, but countywide and private sectors .
extremely high cold-sensitive ornamental
temperatures are landscaping also leaves many
relatively rare in Indian entities , public and private , open for
River County; however, significant economic loss.
due to the consistently
high humidity, the local While the frequency of "heat
"heat index" is often waves" is low, the frequency of
significantly above the heat indexes within the range of
actual temperature causing health problems is
during the summer moderate to high during the
Table 4 . 23 . (Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category Risk
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure
Potential for LossJ.
Agricultural Pests To date , infestations of Indian River County is highly Exposure to agricultural pests, particularly Frequency
= Moderate
and Diseases agricultural plant vulnerable to agricultural diseases livestock diseases , is high in terms of the Vulnerability
= Moderate
diseases in Indian River and pests due to its location and County's agricultural community. The average Exposure =
High
County have been rare . the amount of traffic that passes annual market value of agricultural products in Risk =
Moderate
Livestock diseases and through it. Indian River County as of 1996 was $625 million .
wild animal vector
diseases such as rabies
continue to be a problem .
Wildland/Urban Wildland fires have Wildland fire is a significant and Exposure to wildland fire varies greatly across Frequency
= Moderate
Interface Zone become a common frequent hazard in specific areas of Indian River County. While exposure is relatively Vulnerability
= Moderate
annual occurrence in Indian River County. low along the County's urbanized coastline , it is Exposure = Moderate
wooded areas during quite high in some of the landlocked interior Risk = Moderate
Florida's dry season . Vulnerability varies extensively with communities.
location .
Mitigation projects addressing this issue need to
y be evaluated on a case by case basis .
.p
The 2004 MEMPHIS data indicates that Indian
River County has the following wildland fire
exposures
Low Risk - $4 ,992 , 785 ,408
Medium Risk - $ 7901627 ,008
High Risk - $ 1 , 120 , 291 , 968
Muck Fires Muck fires are not a Areas with the highest vulnerability There have been no significant muck fires in Frequency
= Low
frequent threat to Indian to this hazard are on the western Indian River County in the last 30 years , and this Vulnerability
= Low
River County. They side of the County . hazard is considered to be a limited danger. Exposure = Low
occur during periods of There were significant muck fires in the Risk = Low
extreme drouciht , when EverolarlesinthelqAWs Because the fares are
the swamp muck so difficult to extinguish , they become significant
becomes dried out and is air quality problems . Specific mitigation projects
ignited . Once ignited , must be evaluated based on location and
these fires burn deep potential danger.
within the muck and are
extremely difficult to
extinguish .
Table 4 . 23 . ( Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category Risk
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure
Potential for Loss
Soil/Beach Erosion Beach erosion constantly All the coastal communities have Some specific locations have a higher Frequency
= High
occurs along Indian River high vulnerability relative to beach "immediate exposure" than others . Overall , Vulnerability
= Moderate
County's coastline . In erosion . Beach erosion problems Indian River County's exposure to direct Exposure = Moderate
some areas , specific require public and private economic losses from erosion is moderate . Risk = Moderate
structures are cooperation to address . Within the City of Vero Beach , this exposure is
threatened . Other high .
specific sites where Potential long-term mitigation will
erosion is a persistent focus on overall sand budgets and Stormwater drainage outfall and canal bank
problem are along sand transport rates . Mitigation stabilization projects should be evaluated based
stormwater drainage projects in this area should be on site specifics .
points into the evaluated carefully by experienced
Intracoastal Waterway coastal engineers . Florida Department of Environmental Protection
and along canals . has identified 9 . 1 miles of critical and 4 . 7 miles of
The erosion vulnerability is noncritical erosion areas along the County's
associated with stormwater outfalls coast.
a' and canals and is limited and
site-specific in nature.
Epidemic There has never been an Indian River County's vulnerability Due to the large number of retired and elderly Frequency
= Low
outbreak of a serious to disease outbreaks is higher than people living in Indian River County, the Vulnerability =
Moderate
disease epidemic in many areas of the nation simply countywide exposure to serious impacts from Exposure = Moderate
Indian River County. because of the amount of tourist disease outbreaks must be considered Risk = Low
Annual occurrences of flu traffic that passes through the moderate .
and periodic outbreaks of County.
so-called children 's
diseases have not
reached epidemic
proportions .
Table 4 . 23 . (Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category Risk
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure Potential for Loss
Seismic Hazards Sinkholes are not Countywide vulnerability to this Overall , the community exposure to these types Frequency
= Low
(sinkhole/soil failure) considered to be a type of hazard is low; however, of hazards is low other than in specific locations Vulnerability
= Low
significant hazard in areas that might be affected by and under specific circumstances . Exposure = Low
Indian River County. dam or levee failure need to be Risk = Low
evaluated carefully. Total sinkhole exposure in Indian River County
Soil failure or collapse is based on MEMPHIS (2004) is
rare in Indian River
County and is generally $6 ,903 ,527 ,424
related to some other (in very low potential category)
natural hazard , such as
canal bank or levee
failure during a period of
flooding .
Technological
Hazardous Materials The frequency with which Countywide , Indian River County Countywide , the exposure relative to a Frequency
= Moderate
Accident hazardous materials has a low vulnerability with respect site-specific hazardous materials release is low. Vulnerability
= Low
rn incidents occur in Indian to hazardous materials releases . Exposure = Low
River County is Risk = Moderate
essentially the same as Some areas such as the City of
for other counties located Vero Beach have moderate
along the major Florida vulnerability to this hazard due to
east coast transportation specific circumstances .
corridor. Minor spills
occur with a moderate
frequency.
Radiological To date , the frequency of Indian River County is moderately Countywide , the exposure to a nuclear power Frequency
= Very Low
Accidents Including radiological accidents vulnerable to radiological accidents plant accident must be considered high , while Vulnerability
= Moderate
Nuclear Power Plant and releases has been due to its location with respect to exposure to other types of radioactive materials
Exposure = High
Accidents very low. the St. Lucie Nuclear Power Plant. releases is considered low. Risk = Low
Communications Major communications Indian River County as a whole has Indian River County's exposure in the event of a Frequency
= Low
Failure failures have occurred a relatively low vulnerability to major communication system failure is relatively Vulnerability
= Low
infrequently in Indian communication system breakdown . low due to its agricultural economic base . Exposure = Low
River County to date . In some areas , such as the Town of Risk = Low
Vero Beach , this vulnerability is
higher.
Table 4 . 23 . (Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure Risk
Potential for Loss
Hazardous Material Indian River County has Due to the number and location of Countywide exposure in term of life and property
Frequency = Low
Releases some 38 reported hazardous material sites within the from toxic material releases is considered Vulnerability
= Moderate
(Section 302 ) hazardous community , Indian River County moderate . Exposure = Moderate
material sites ; some of must be considered to have a Risk = Moderate
which are located in moderate vulnerability with respect
urban areas . To date , to this hazard .
the frequency of releases
from these facilities have
been low compared to
the number of releases
from transportation
accidents.
Transportation Indian River County has Due to this concentration of Low countywide , but high in specific areas . Frequency =
Low
System Accidents major rail lines , north- transportation industries and Vulnerability = Low
.psouth highway corridors , activities in the eastern portion of Exposure = Low
and a significant airport. the County , Indian River County, (Countywide)
v Ground transportation and particularly the City of Vero Risk = Low
accidents occur relatively Beach has a high vulnerability to
frequently. Major transportation system accidents .
transportation accidents
such as rail and plane
crashes to date have
been rare .
Wellfield Indian River County The eastern part of the County Exposure in terms of property value is moderate Frequency
= Low
Contamination maintains a program along the coastline is particularly with regard to this hazard . Vulnerability =
Moderate
designed to monitor this vulnerable to this hazard . This is Exposure = Moderate
risk. To date, instances the area with the greatest Risk = Low
of wellfield contamination population and the most
in Indian River County industrialization . During times of
have been rare . drought , this area is also vulnerable
to wellfield contamination from salt
water intrusion .
l
Table 4 . 23 . ( Continued ) .
Hazard Evaluation
Hazard Category Risk
Frequency Vulnerability Exposure Potential for Loss
Power Failure Business and industry in All modern societies are highly Short-term power loss has a significant, but hard
Frequency = Low
(outages) Indian River County are vulnerable to prolonged power to quantify economic impact in terms of for
major power disruptions
affected regularly by failures . Even power failures of equipment damage and lost productivity. Vulnerability =
Moderate
power fluctuation and 12 to 24 hours would have Prolonged power failures lasting days or weeks Exposure =
High
short-term power significant impacts on both the would be a major disaster for Indian River Risk = Moderate
outages . Major, long- County's economy and on human County both economically and in terms of human
term outages are rare . health and safety, I health and safety.
Societal
Civil Disturbances There have never been Overall , vulnerability to civil Exposure in terms of dollars to the effects of civil Frequency
= Low
significant civil disturbance in Indian River County disturbances must be considered low within the Vulnerability =
Low
disturbances in Indian is low; however, there are several overall perspective of the County. Exposure in (Countywide)
River County. Minor civil specific areas and jurisdictions that terms of human health and safety is moderate . Exposure
= Moderate
disturbances occur with are moderately if not highly Risk = Low
moderate frequency in vulnerable to this hazard .
4specific jurisdictions .
� Terrorism and Other than random "hate Indian River County has a low Indian River County's exposure to this hazard Frequency
= Low
°o Sabotage crimes" there have never vulnerability for acts of terrorism may be greater than some other areas , but Vulnerability
= Low
been any significant acts and sabotage . It has a slightly overall must be considered low. There are many Exposure =
Low
of terrorism or sabotage higher than average potential for other areas offering equally attractive targets in Risk =
Low
in Indian River County . "celebrity terrorism ." America , and there are several climatological ,
geographic, and infrastructural aspects to Indian
River County that reduce its attractiveness to
large scale acts of terrorism .
Immigration Crises Illegal immigration has , Because of its demographics and Exposure in terms of dollars from an immigration Frequency
= Moderate
and continues to impact large agricultural industry , Indian crisis would result mainly from the stress on local over
the last decade
Indian River County. River County has a moderate police and health services . Exposure in terms of Vulnerability =
Moderate
While major immigration vulnerability to immigration crisis human health and safety would result from the Exposure = Moderate
crises are rare , Indian arising from anywhere in the possible introduction of diseases and stress on Risk =
Moderate
Rivei County has been Caribbean , Latin America , or South the existing he.althca- re- network -
affected by most of those America .
that have occurred .
5 . 0 MITIGATION OPTIONS
This section of the Indian River County LMS outlines a menu of mit i ation
options available to reduce the risks posed by natural disasters .
5 . 1 MITIGATION DEFINITION AND INTRODUCTION
Mitigation activities are those activities that aim to reduce the risks from natural
and man- made hazards in a community . Mitigation is not a "one size fits all " process ; a
successful risk reduction activity in one community may not work in another, Several factors
play a role in the decision on which mitigation activities to pursue including — frequency and
severity of the hazard , the community' s ability to address the problem , ease o
implementation , costs and benefits , availability of funding , and a local champion to
spearhead the activity , among others . There are several different types of mit gation
activities that a community can undertake to reduce the risk posed by natural and
man- made hazards . FEMA has identified six broad categories of mitigation actions
including prevention , property protection , public education and awareness , na ural resource
protection , emergency services , and structural projects .
5 .2 MITIGATION CATEGORIES
The following definitions were included in the FEMA How To Guide 3 : Developing
the Mitigation Plan ( FEMA, 2003 ) .
• Prevention — Government administrative or regulatory actions c r processes
that influence the way land and buildings are developed and b ilt. These
actions also include public activities to reduce hazard losses .
Property Protection — Actions that involve the modification of existing
buildings or structures to protect them from a hazard , or removal from the
hazard area .
• Public Education and Awareness — Actions to inform and educate citizens ,
elected officials , and property owners about the hazards and potential ways
to mitigate them .
• Natural Resource Protection — Actions that , in addition to minimizing hazard
losses , also preserve or restore the functions of natural systems .
• Emergency Services — Actions that protect people and property during and
immediately after a disaster or hazard event .
• Structural Projects — Actions that involve the construction of structures to
reduce the impact of a hazard . Such structures include dams , levees ,
floodwalls , seawalls , retaining walls , and safe rooms .
5 . 3 MITIGATION OPTIONS BY CATEGORY
The following mitigation options are categorized using the categories identified
above . While these lists are not comprehensive , they serve to provide examples of what
can be done to reduce risk .
5- 1
Prevention.
I%W
planning and zoning ;
building codes ;
capital improvement programs ;
coastal zone management regulations ;
density controls ;
design review standards ;
easements ;
environmental review standards ;
floodplain development regulations ;
forest fire fuels reduction ;
open space preservation ;
performance standards ;
shoreline setback regulations ;
special use permits ;
stormwater management regulations ;
subdivision and development regulations ; and
transfer of development rights .
Property Protection.
acquisition ;
construction of barriers around structures ;
• elevation ;
relocation ;
structural retrofits ;
• storm shutters ; and
• shatter-resistant glass .
Public Education and Awareness.
• outreach projects ;
real estate disclosure ;
hazard information centers ; and
school -age and adult education programs .
Natural Resource Protection.
best management practices ;
dune and beach restoration ;
forest and vegetation management;
sediment and erosion control ;
stream corridor restoration ;
• stream dumping regulations ;
watershed management;
forest and vegetation management; and
wetland restoration and preservation .
5-2
1%W Emergency Services.
warning systems ;
emergency response services ; and
protection of critical facilities .
Structural Projects.
channel maintenance ;
construction of dams/reservoirs ;
construction of levees and floodwalls ;
construction of seawalls/bulkheads ; and
construction of safe rooms .
5A MITIGATION OPTIONS BY HAZARD
The following mitigation options broken down by specific hazard , were found
mainly in North Carolina Emergency Management' s Tools and Techniques : All
Encyclopedia of Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Natural Hazards ( North Carolina
Division of Emergency Management, 2002 ) and FEMA's How to Guide : Integrating
Human- Caused Hazards into Mitigation Planning ( FEMA , 2002 ) . They repres nt only a
small fraction of the total possible mitigation options available to a community . For
additional resources on mitigation options , see Appendix B .
All Hazard,
acquisition and land banking ;
citizen outreach programs ;
community awareness programs ;
development impact tax/improvement tax ;
floating zones ;
home inspection programs ;
purchase of development rights ;
smart growth principles ;
structural retrofit;
subdivision ordinance ; and
tax abatement, subsidies , low-interest loans , and other incentives .
Drought.
contingency planning ;
fire breaks ;
housing code ;
new construction ;
water conservation programs
monitoring and warning programs ;
drought tolerant vegetation ; and
wildland fire mitigation .
r..►
5-3
Erosion .
beach nourishment;
dune protection and shoreline setbacks ;
green infrastructure ;
structural relocation ;
open space preservation ;
revetments for beach management; and
vegetation .
Flooding .
acquisition ;
elevation ;
floodplain management plans
floodproofing ;
flood insurance education ;
stormwater management ;
green infrastructure ;
porous pavement ;
• retention ponds ;
• sewage treatment plant retrofit ; and
tie downs .
Hurricane .
acquisition ;
floodplain management plans ;
floodproofing ;
shuttering ;
enhanced building codes ;
preparedness outreach ;
tree and limb maintenance ;
mobile home parks storm shelter;
safe rooms ; and
stormwater drain maintenance .
Thunderstorm ,
drainage system maintenance ;
impervious surface limits ;
tree and limb maintenance ;
• encourage flood insurance ;
mobile home parks storm shelter;
• stormwater drain maintenance ; and
• traffic light and other traffic controls .
Tornado .
mobile home parks storm shelter;
protecting natural environmental features ;
5 -4
warning systems ;
�✓ . enhanced building codes ;
safe room ;
tie downs ;
traffic lights and other traffic controls ;
utility lines ; and
windproofing .
Wildland Fire .
fire breaks ;
fuel loads ;
housing code ;
new construction ;
open space acquisition ;
BEHAVE Fire Behavior Prediction and Fuel Modeling System ;
prescribed burns ;
tree limb removal ; and
wildland fire mitigation planning .
Terrorism .
site planning and landscape design ;
• architectural and interior space planning ;
structural engineering ;
�r • mechanical engineering ;
electrical engineering ;
public education ;
• drills ;
fire protection engineering ;
• security; and
parking .
Table 5 . 1 displays various mitigation activities by both mitigation category and
hazard . Only select hazards are compared in the table .
5 . 5 MITIGATION OPTIONS ADDRESSING SPECIAL ISSUES
This section identifies several risk reduction strategies for three sr ecial issues of
relevance in Indian River County — Repetitive Flood Loss Properties , Barrier stands , and
the CRS .
5 . 5 . 1 Repetitive Flood Loss Properties
FEMA has placed special emphasis on addressing repetitive flooc loss properties
through the mitigation planning process ; therefore , it is important to identify s rategies to
lower the number of repetitive loss properties within the County . The followir g are
examples of actions that can be taken to lower or eliminate both the number f repetitive
loss claims and properties in the County .
5-5
Table 5 . 1 . Mitigation options by category and hazard .
Hazard
Category Mitigation Alternatives [ki- Hurricane Wildland Fire
building codes X X X
coastal zone management regulation X X
density controls X X X
design review standards X X X X
easements X X X
environmental review standards X X X X
c
floodplain development regulations X X
0 floodplain zoning X X
iv forest fire fuel reduction X
hillside development regulation
X
CL open space preservation X X X
performance standards X X X X
shoreline setback regulation X X
special use permits X X X
stormwater management regulations X
subdivision and development regulations X X X X
transfer of development rights X X X
acquisition of hazard- prone structures X X X
-1 g construction of barriers around structures X X
a m elevation of structures X X
as relocation out of hazard areas X X X
structural retrofits X X X
y hazard information center X X X X
public educational and outreach X X X X
programs
(L :3 M
M C:Q real estate disclosure X X X X
best management practices X X X
dune and beach restoration X
0
forest and vegetation management X X
o sediment and erosion control regulations X X
0 stream corridor restoration X
c d stream dumping regulations X
Z urban forestry and landscape X X
management
wetlands development regulations X X X
a critical family protection X X X X
emergency response services X X X X
hazard threat recognition X X X X
E d) health and safety maintenance X X X
uj post-disaster mitigation X X X X
channel maintenance X X
dams/reservoirs X
.° levees and floodwalls X X
CL safe rooms/shelters X X
seawalls/bulkheads X
Source : Federal Emergency Management Agency' s ( FEMA's ) How To Guide 3 : Developing the
Mitigation Plan ( FEMA, 2003 ) .
5-6
acquisition ;
4►' . building codes ;
detention basins ;
drainage culverts ;
drainage system maintenance ;
dune protection and shoreline setbacks ;
elevation ;
firebreaks ;
floating zones ;
floodplain management plans ;
floodproofing ;
moratoria ;
• real estate disclosure requirements ;
• relocation ;
• sewage lift stations ; and
stormwater drainage maintenance .
5 . 5 . 2 Barrier Islands
Geologic and meteorological processes associated with barrier islands create a
number of potential hazards . The following actions are examples of mitigation activities that
can be implemented to protect the people , buildings , and infrastructure on barrier islands
before and during natural hazard events .
acquisition ;
1r. . beach management plans ;
beach nourishment;
carrying capacity ;
dredging ;
dune protection and shoreline setbacks ;
floating zones ;
groins ;
jetties ;
offshore breakwaters ;
revetments ;
roadway realignment;
sand dunes ;
sand scraping ;
seawalls and bulkheads ; and
coastal sediment trapping and vegetation .
5 . 5 . 3 CRS Projects
Participation in the CRS program can help to lower flood insurance premiums for
residents within Indian River County . The more flood mitigation actions that are initiated , the
lower the premiums will be . The following subsection outlines example mitigation activities
that qualify for potential premium- reducing CRS points .
*..
5- 7
310 Elevation Certificates — elevation ;
144 . 330 Outreach Projects — audits of small business , community awareness
programs , education and training , home inspection programs , and notification
of location of hazards ;
340 Hazard Disclosure — real estate disclosure requirements ;
400SH Special Hazard Areas — beach management plans , dune protection
and shoreline setbacks , sand dunes , sediment trapping vegetation , and
wetland preservation and riparian habitat protection ;
410 Additional Flood Data — hazard identification , mapping hazards , risk
assessment , and vulnerability assessment;
420 Open Space Preservation - acquisition and comprehensiv plans ;
430 Higher Regulatory Standards — building codes , government expenditure
limitation in high hazard areas , moratoria , sewage lift station , and sewer
manholes ;
430 LZ Low Density Zoning — development density ;
450 Stormwater Management — grassy swales , impervious surface limits ,
onsite sediment retention , performance or impact zoning , retention ponds ,
stormwater management, and vegetation ;
510 Floodplain Management Planning — floodplain management plans ,
hazard mitigation and post-disaster reconstruction , porous pavement , and
stormwater basins ;
520 Acquisition and Relocation — acquisition , capital facilities plans ,
commercial parks , critical facilities , emergency shelters , parks , public
housing , public records , relocation , safe site , and school facilities ;
530 Retrofitting — dikes , levees , floodwalls and berms , elevation ,
err floodproofing , public housing , public records , public school buildings , retrofit
of fire stations and police stations , and sewage treatment plan etrofit;
540 Drainage System Maintenance — drainage culverts , drainage system
maintenance , retention ponds , and stormwater drain maintenance ;
610 Flood Warning Program — capability analysis and disasterwarning ;
• 620 Levee Safety — dikes , levees , floodwalls , and berms ; and
• 630 Dune Safety — dams and reservoirs .
5 . 6 MITIGATION IN DEPTH
As the Community Profile (Section 2 . 0 ) indicated , the Treasure Coast region has
and will continue to experience increased population growth . Population growth has a major
impact on how and where development takes place in the County . As new development
moves outward from the urbanized core and corridors , the potential for natural hazards to
impact life and property increases . Because growth issues are so prevalent i i the County ,
select development related mitigation activities have been identified and are c escribed
below. These activities are provided as examples only , and they are not reflective of the
broad spectrum of mitigation options available . The mitigation activities and tie
accompanying information were developed from North Carolina Division of Emergency
Management in the Tools and Techniques document ( North Carolina Division of Emergency
Management, 2002 ) .
5-8
5 . 6 . 1 Floating Zoning
5. 6. 1 . 1 Definition
Floating zones are written into the zoning code but "float ' above thE map until
triggered by a set of conditions . Unlike overlay zones , floating zones replace the existing
code for the places in which they are implemented . Once certain conditions ( usually
development- related ) are met, the ordinance becomes affixed to a particular site . Floating
zones are typically used when a community knows that it wants to apply a set of regulations
to certain uses (such as a shopping center) , but is waiting for events to decide the location
for those uses .
5. 6. 1 . 2 Implementation
One of the best uses of floating zones is to reduce the density in areas that have
been hit by a natural disaster . For example , areas where structures have suffered , on
average , a certain degree of damage could anchor a floating zone that reduces the
allowable density in that area . The damage zones where these regulations would be
applied could be identified during the recovery phase .
5. 6. 1 . 3 Critique
Since one or several lots are subject to different regulations than their neighbors ,
floating zones are often attacked as being a form of spot zoning . While the to ation of
fir.► floating zones can be subject to special interests and politics , they are usual ) based on
facts , as opposed to speculated future needs .
5 . 6 .2 Impact Fees/System Development Charges
5. 6. 2. 1 Definition
Impact fees require new developments to share in the financial bu Mden that their
arrival imposes on a town . These assessments are typically one-time , up-fro It charges
(although some jurisdictions allow payments over time ) against new development to pay for
off-site improvements . The fees also can be set up to allow new developmer t to buy into
existing services with excess capacity . Impact fees are typically based on ral ios that show
what services the average new resident will require .
5. 6. 2. 2 Implementation
Every impact fee must meet a three part legal test. First , the need for
improvements funded by the fee must be created by the new development , econd , the
amount charged the new development must be proportionate to the cost of its use . Third , all
revenues must be spent in proximity to the new development and within a reasonable period
of time . If any of these are not met, the community may face legal action . C mmunities
should have a comprehensive plan and capital improvements program in place to defend
their use of impact fees or exactions .
Impact fees can be linked to environmental impact analyses in order to charge
,%W proportionate fees for projects that will have broader or lesser impacts . While there are
several methods for analyzing impacts (checklists or spreadsheet models , for example ) ,
5-9
most look only at individual project impacts . An alternative is a cumulative impact
assessment , which looks at the total effect of all development in a particular a vironment .
This approach might allow planners to estimate the combined effects of severce I potential
developments on reducing the flood storage capacity of a single watershed . Tie fee in this
case would go toward mitigating increased flood heights , perhaps by creating lood storage
elsewhere in the floodplain .
5. 6. 2. 3 Critique
Impact fees can be applied to a wider variety of services than either exactions or
special assessment districts . Unlike land dedications , these can be payments that cover the
full costs of needed improvements . They are typically used in place of negotiated exactions
because they take less time and are more predictable and equitable . Impact fees do not
help with maintenance costs .
5 . 6 . 3 Porous Pavement
5. 6. 3. 1 Definition
Substitute porous or open-grid pavement for impervious pavement to limit the
amount of stormwater runoff that contributes to localized flooding .
5. 6. 3. 2 Implementation
Pavement will ideally be pervious enough to absorb rainfall but with pores small
enough not to clog with debris or cause problems for pedestrian traffic . Some brands of
asphalt or concrete that lack the finer sediment of conventional cement hold p Romise .
Several websites containing photographs and/or useful information regarding porous and
open-grid pavement include
http : //www . gcpa . org/pervious_concrete_pavement . htm ; and
http : //www , greenbuilder. com/sourcebook/PerviousMaterials . htrni .
5. 6. 3. 3 Critique
Reservations apply to the use of open -grid , or open-cell , pavemen : it is
treacherous for those with mobility challenges (and those in high heels) and a so is
expensive to install . However , open -grid pavement is appropriate for limited- L se access
routes or overflow parking lots .
5 . 6 .4 Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)
5. 6. 4. 1 Definition
Like Purchase of Development Rights , TDR programs treat development as a
commodity separate from the land itself. The local government first awards each property
owner in a sending area a set of development rights based on the value or ac eage of land .
Sending areas contain land the local authority seeks to protect. The government then
establishes a receiving area for these rights that is a preferred site for development .
`'�✓ Landowners in the sending area are typically prohibited from developing their land ; however,
5- 10
they can sell their rights to developers in the receiving areas . Developers who acquire these
* "' development rights can build to higher densities than would otherwise be perm ssible .
5. 6. 4. 2 Implementation
TDR could be used for mitigation purposes by designating high hazard areas as
sending zones . The development rights for parcels within this zone would betargeted at a
receiving zone located outside the hazard area . The zone would need to have sufficient
room to accommodate the sending rights . In jurisdictions with limited available space , the
program could be aimed at redevelopment rather than new development. Alternatively , the
community could completely downzone itself. Both options could help create a market for
development rights .
One way to ensure that people participate in the program is to mak it
mandatory; although , the legality of mandatory TDR programs is currently under challenge .
In a mandatory program , the marketability of the rights would have to be guaranteed . One
way to do so would be to create a municipal land bank that would purchase the rights and
resell them when demand was sufficient to generate value . Suitable receiving areas outside
the hazard area must be available for TDR to be successful . TDR can be used to achieve a
variety of associated community goals , including promoting compact development with less
impervious surfaces and preserving agricultural , rural , or open spaces . Since TDR can be
applied to areas of a community , rather than individual parcels , it can be more thoroughly
effective than acquisition or cluster development techniques .
5. 6. 4. 3 Critique
TDR is a complex system , which makes it difficult for planning staffto
implement and for landowners to understand and accept . It is frequently unpo ular with
residents in the receiving zone , who are subject to development that exceeds I he apparent
zoning limits . Perhaps most importantly , a region must have a significant amo nt of
development pressure to make the rights marketable .
5. 6. 4. 4 Example
Collier County , Florida , began a TDR program in the 1980 's to prot ct
40 , 000 acres of coastal barrier islands , mangroves , salt marshes , and beache . These
areas were designated as sending zones . The receiving zones were already 4 iet for
multi -family housing , but could be built to a higher density using the development rights .
Parcels for which the development rights have been sold must be protected by a restrictive
covenant or by donation to the County or a conservation organization . A moratorium was
placed on the program when the transfer resulted in density concentrating in only one
receiving site and overwhelming it.
5- 11
6 . 0 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
6 . 1 INTRODUCTION
Plan implementation is a vitally important aspect of the overall prog Nam , Without
an implementation program , the Plan either "gathers dust on the shelf' or lags along ,
implementing projects incrementally based more on agencies ' or individuals ' i terest than on
a prioritized need basis . Discussed below are issues related to the organizational
arrangement and administrative responsibility , the role of the Working Group , plan
monitoring , plan funding , and plan update process .
6 .2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
The creation of a disaster- resistant community is achieved once th concept
becomes part of the mindset and fabric of the private and public sectors of a community .
Effective implementation requires the strong support of the locally elected body . In addition ,
it requires an advocate . Someone or a group who believes the issue to be essential to the
long -term sustainability of the community . This individual or group of individuals continually
is reassessing the vulnerabilities of the community , and identifying potential strategies and
partners to address the vulnerabilities and means to affecting change whether it be a brick
and mortar project or implementing a new programmatic initiative or modification to existing
codes or plans .
This section describes the comprehensive organizational arrangement required
+�► to effectively implement the countywide LMS program . It also describes theadministrative
framework that defines the roles and responsibilities of those at the staff level who carry out
activities on a daily basis .
6 . 2 . 1 Organizational Structure
The LMS organizational structure consists of several levels (see Figure 6 . 1 ,
LMS organizational structure ) . Heading the effort is the LMS Working Group . This group
must have broad representation to be effective . It should embrace all stakeholder groups in
the County from both the public and private sectors . Therefore , when the Indian River
County Working Group was created , representatives were chosen so that all affected
groups would have representation in the planning process and in the ongoing
implementation of the LMS . The Working Group interacts directly with the COL my
Commission and the general public . The Indian River County DES staff provides direct
support to the Working Group . In addition , the DES is the liaison to the Florida Division of
Emergency Management within the FDCA , and the FEMA, Department of Homeland
Security .
6 . 2 . 2 Administrative - Lead Responsibility
The Director of the DES shall be the individual responsible for impl menting ,
monitoring , and updating this LMS . As depicted in Figure 6 . 1 , the Director of DES must
interact with the County Administrator on a frequent basis , reporting on the progress of the
implementation program , obstacles or problems that have delayed the implementation
` ftw
6 - 1
Elected LMS General
Bodies Working Group Public
T I
County Administrator/ Indian River County
or City Manager Department of FDCA FEMA
Emergency Services*
State Regional Community
Agencies Entities Municipalities County Organizations &
Businesses
rn SJRWMD Sebastian
N Health
Department TCRPC Orchid County County Gifford Front Porch
Division of Forestry Water Control Vero Beach Entities Departments Florida
Indian River Memorial
Districts Fellsmere School District Community Hospital
IRCC Development Sebastian River Area
Indian River Sheriff Chamber of Commerce
Shores Engineering
Property Council on Aging
Appraiser Utility Services
FDCA = Florida Department of Community Affairs . American Red Cross
FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency. Roads & Bridges Salvation Army
IRCC = Indian River Community College . General Services
SJRWMD = St. Johns River Water Management District . Faith-Based
TCRPC = Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council . Organizations
InChirles Fire Rescue , FMArgAnry Management, Fmergency Medical — Others
Services, Animal Control , Radiological Emergency Preparation .
EFigure . Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) organizational chart .
BSA
program , and ideas or alternative options to overcome the obstacles and/or pr blems being
�r encountered .
Responsibilities of the Director of DES will be :
To be the Hazard Mitigation Advocate at staff level ;
To keep current with all changes in LMS/DMA2K programs ;
To interact frequently with Florida Division of Emergency Mana 3ement
County Liaison ;
To work closely with the LMS Chairperson ;
To organize meetings of the Working Group ;
To coordinate and contact with all members of the Working Group on a
regular basis ;
• To maintain avenues of communication with the general public ;
To set- up and maintain files documenting progress of LMS pro ram ;
• To update the PPL as needed ; and
• To coordinate 5-year LMS update .
6 . 2 . 3 Administrative - Support Responsibility
Successfully implementing the LMS is not the sole responsibility of DES ; it is the
responsibility of all participating organizations . Participating organizations from both the
public and private sectors can fulfill administrative responsibility in a number o ways
including
NOW . Promote and educate others about the significance of local hazard mitigation ;
• Interact and coordinate frequently with the LMS Coordinator;
• Manage mitigation projects or activities ;
• Provide assistance to other organizations so that they can implement their
mitigation projects or activities ;
• Disseminate hazard mitigation - related information to constituents ;
Document the progress of one' s organization ' s hazard mitigation activities ;
and
• Make available to LMS Coordinator new data and information relevant to the
LMS process .
An example of providing support to other organizations could invol e assisting in
an all - hazard public awareness/education program . While it may be the responsibility of the
LMS Coordinator to see that the project is implemented , other organizations such as the
County Fire Rescue , ARC , Indian River County School District , and even homeowner
associations could serve in a support role designing such a program . Support ng
organizations can assist in making sure that its members or member organization publicize
and disseminate the program information generated as a result of the development of the
public awareness/education program .
6 . 3 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The implementation strategy is based on information gathered frorr the Working
Group as well as key community stakeholders and citizens . The hazards and community
issues identified as well as the community' s institutional analysis are used to determine the
`w best means to implement mitigation strategies in Indian River County . The implementation
6 - 3
strategy includes the goals and objectives identified by the Working Group as well as a list
"`►' of prioritized mitigation activities .
6 . 3 . 1 Goals and Objectives
In formulating the goals and objectives , appropriate plans , policy statements ,
laws , codes , and ordinances from each participating local government have been reviewed .
With multiple local governmental entities involved in defining a community-wide vision , this
becomes a complex process . To help clarify the process , a facilitated discussion with the
Working Group was conducted , and a comprehensive list of the areas where disasters affect
the community was developed. The list included the following :
• Loss of life ;
• Loss of property ;
• Community sustainability ;
• Health/medical needs ;
• Temporary sheltering ;
• Food and water;
• Communication ;
• Housing ;
• Historical structures ;
• Adverse impacts to natural resources (e . g . , beaches , water qua ity ) ;
• Economic disruption ;
• Fiscal impact;
Recurring damage ;
• Damage to repair to public infrastructure (e . g . , roads , water systems , sewer
systems , stormwater systems , electrical power) ;
• Debris removal ;
• Redevelopment/reconstruction ;
• Development practices ;
• Environmental damage ;
• Intergovernmental coordination ; and
• Mental health counseling .
Along with these general hazard impacts , specific issues related to preparing for ,
mitigating against , responding to , and recovering from disasters were identifiec by the
Working Group . The issues identified are summarized below .
• Trade off between flood protection and water quality ;
• Public infrastructure at risk from flooding ;
• Connections between County and St. Johns River Water Management
District's Stormwater Management Plans ;
• Catastrophic events surpass what is planned for in current stor water
management plans ;
• Bridges and transportation facilities are built to withstand a typical 1 00-year
storm ;
• The Town of Orchid is not a participant in the CRS program ;
• Coordination between government entities and private developments and
homeowner associations ;
6-4
• Only the County and Sebastian have pre-arranged contracts for debris
removal following an event ;
Linkage between the County and municipal Emergency Manageiment Plans ;
Law Enforcement needs an upgraded firing range ;
Including additional utility providers in place at the Emergency Operations
Center;
Need to revisit emergency plans and operations with various County and
municipal entities ;
Public awareness about livestock relocation ;
Public awareness about including safe room construction into new
developments ;
Several roadways suffer from chronic flooding and need additional outfall
capacity or flood storage ;
35th Avenue south of 12th Street ;
U . S . Highway 1 at 10th Street;
CR 512 at North County Park ;
27th Avenue between 4th Street and 5t�' Street ; and
Old Dixie Highway between 4th Street and Oslo Road .
Several areas on the barrier island are in need of beach nouris iment
including :
The Summerplace subdivision ;
South Beach — Sector 7 — Porpoise Point; and
Sanderling Subdivision .
The FEC railroad blocks traffic to the hospital when the train passes . Grade
separated overpasses located at 41St Street , Aviation Boulevard and
*ftr 33rd Street , and 4th Street would help alleviate the problem .
Funding for protracted incidents .
• Unexploded military ordnance disposal is time-consuming because
assistance must be requested from nearby service providers . The County
could benefit from having its own bomb disposal unit .
These concerns , along with information generated from the inventory of local
planning documents and ordinances , resulted in the following goals and objectives for all
hazard mitigation planning in Indian River County .
The Indian River County LMS Working Group identified the followi g goals and
objectives . The goals and objectives were selected because of their ability to address
community issues that were identified earlier in the mitigation planning process . Goals as
defined by FEMA are general guidelines that explain what you want to achieve . They are
usually broad policy statements and are long -term in nature . Objectives as defined by
FEMA are strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals . Ur like goals ,
objectives are specific and measurable . The goals and objectives define the road direction
of the mitigation strategy and provide the focus for developing and adopting mitigation
projects and activities . Projects implementing the stated goals and objectives are detailed
further in Table 6 . 1 .
6 -5
Table 6 . 1 . Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy Project Prioritization List .
o
w
c ° Project Project Potential Mitigation p c Implementation
` O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished m o Responsibility
m a
Q. E
O N 7 Q y 0
d ° Z cn w U
Challenge 21 , Floodplain ; Coastal
Services Center; Coastal Wetlands Lead
Improved mapping of the Coastal Planning , Protection , and Will reduce County Responsibility :
High Hazard Area to allow for Restoration Act ; CDBG ; exposure by
better and more precise Conservation Technical Assistance ; controlling
1 1 . 1 implementation of County $ 50 , 000 DRI ; Financial Assistance for Ocean development in the 2002 Support
regulations related to the Resources Conservation and Coastal High Hazard Responsibility :
rn development within that area Assessment Program ; FMAP ; Flood Area
Plain Management Services ;
HMGP ; NFMF
Coastal Wetlands Planning , Lead
Protection , and Restoration Act ; Will reduce County Responsibility :
Acquisition of land along the
Indian River Lagoon within the CDBG ; DRI ; HMGP ; NFMF ; North exposure by
2 1 . 2 g up to $20 ,000 ,000 American Wetlands Conservation preventing 2004 Support
Coastal High Hazard Area Act Grant Program ; Outdoor development in a
reduce potential future losses Recreation : Acquisition , high hazard area Responsibility:
Development, and Planning
(' r) RG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County .
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
CD o
a>
o Project Project Potential Mitigation p Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished o Responsibility
U CCU
CL
CL E
O 7 O
a :2 Z U) w U
Coastal Services Center; Coastal
Wetlands Planning , Protection , and Lead
Re-vegetating areas along the Restoration Act; CDBG ; Reduces Responsibility :
Conservation Plant Material
3 1 . 2 banks of the Indian River Lagoon $50 , 000 Centers ; Conservation Technical vulnerability to 2002
to offer protection from hurricanes , flooding , Support
hurricanes , floods , and erosion Assistance ; DRI ; Financial and erosion Responsibility :
Assistance for Ocean Resources
Conservation and Assessment
Program ; Land Protection ; NFMF
rn Lead
v Retrofits to the City of Vero Beach Reduces Responsibility:
Transmission and Distribution (a Coastal Construction Building Zone vulnerability of a
4 2 . 2 secondary critical facility) to $ 37800 Program ; CDBG ; DRI ; FMAP ; secondary critical 2002 Support
reduce vulnerability to wind and HMGP ; Hurricane Program ; NFMF facility Responsibility:
flood damage
Lead
Retrofits to the City of Vero Beach Reduces the Responsibility.
Recreation Facility (a secondary Coastal Construction Building Zone vulnerability of a
5 2 . 2 critical facility) to reduce $77000 Program ; CDBG ; DRI ; FMAP ; secondary critical 2002 Su ort
vulnerability to wind and flood HMGP ; Hurricane Program ; NFMF sp
facility Responsibility :
damage
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County.
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
CD o
o � Project Project Potential Mitigation p Implementation
` O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished o Responsibility
CU
U NN
L d CU
Q
C: E O. E
N 7 O O
M :2 Z cA w U
Lead
Retrofits to the Town of Indian Reduces the Responsibility :
6 2 .2
Coastal Construction Building Zone
River Shores (a critical facility) to vulnerability of a 2004
reduce vulnerability to wind and $50 , 000 Program ; CDBG ; DRI ; FMAP ; primary critical Su ort
HMGP ; Hurricane Program ; NFMF pp
flood damage facility Responsibility :
Lead
Retrofits to the City of Vero Beach Coastal Construction Building Zone Reduces the Responsibility:
rn Police Department (a critical Program ; CDBG ; DRI ; Public Works vulnerability of a
oo 2 '2 facility) to reduce vulnerability to $7 , 500 impact Program ; FMAP ; HMGP ; primary critical 2002
Support
wind and flood damage Hurricane Program ; NFMF facility Responsibility :
Capitalization Grants for Drinking
Water State Revolving Fund ; Reduces the Lead
Mapping and assessment of Coastal Wetlands Planning , countywide
PP� 9 Responsibility :
public wellfields and reverse Protection , and Restoration Act; exposure to wellfield
Conservation Technical Assistance ; contamination by
8 1 . 1 osmosis plant protection zones to $ 100 ,000 DRI ; HMGP ; Planning Assistance to allowing more 2004
Support
guard against groundwater ram ; Water Pollution effective
contamination States Program ; Responsibility :
Control : State and Interstate management of
Program Support; Water Quality resources
Program Management
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County.
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . (Continued ) .
m o
oProject Project Potential Mitigation p t Implementation
` O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished a o Responsibility
U N C N
U w O N d
O C 1= ca.
E
O 7 :3 to O
adz cn wU
Lead
Responsibility :
Prescribed burns in certain Conservation Technical Assistance ; Reduces
9 1 .4 conservation areas vulnerable to $ 3 , 000 DRI ; HMGP ; Protection of Forests vulnerability to 2002
wildland fire and Rangelands wildland fire Support
Responsibility :
Protection of the surficial aquifer Capitalization Grants for Drinking Lead
groundwater quality and quantity Water State Revolving Fund ; Responsibility:
rn as a secondary potable water Conservation Technical Assistance ; Reduces the
10 2 . 1 source through acquisition of $2 , 000 , 000 DRI ; HMGP ; Planning Assistance to exposure to potential
2006
primary recharge areas and States Program ; Water Pollution wellfield Support
through the plugging s Control : State and Interstate contamination Responsibility:
abandoned artesian wells Program Support ; Water Quality
Program Management
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County .
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
(D
> o
0
C: CD Project Project Potential Mitigation p Implementation
CU
L O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished m o Responsibility
v
d 0 CU a>
N � E Q
E Q E
a- � Z U) wU
Lead
Public Library Construction Grant; Responsibility :
Retrofits to the City of Fellsmere CDBG ; DRI ; Public Works Impact Reduces public
11 2 . 2 library for flood damage reduction $ 50 , 000 Program ; FMAP ; HMGP ; Hurricane building ilibrary) 2002
Support
Program ; NFMF vulnerability sp
9 Responsibility :
Lead
Retrofitting of an existing structure Responsibility :
rn (old school ) to provide for an CDBG ; DRI ; Public Works Impact Reduces the
12 2 . 2 Emergency Operations Center $900 ,000 Program ; HMGP ; Hurricane vulnerability of a 2003
C) and emergency shelter in the City Program critical facility Support
of Fellsmere Responsibility :
Lead
Establishment of a public roResponsibility :
education program on the FMAP ; Flood Plain Management Education program
13 2 . 3 importance ro maintaining $ 5 , 000 Services ; HMGP ; NFMF ; State designed to reduce 2002
Support
Disaster Preparedness Grants flooding vulnerability pp
drainage systems Responsibility :
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County .
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre-Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Aon
Y W
o Project Project Potential Mitigation CO Implementation
` O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished o Responsibility
Y v
a
°' Y E n E E
c
Ea� � ono
a :2 Z 0 w U
Coastal Services Center; CDBG ;
Conservation Plant Material Lead
Stabilization of Jungle Trail along Centers ; Conservation Technical improves public Responsibility :
14 1 . 2 the Indian River Lagoon to $84 , 000 Program ;Assistance ; DRI ; Emergency Relief ram ; FMAP ; HMGP ;
Hurricane access and reduces 2002
improve public access and reduce erosion vulnerability Support
Program ; Land Protection , NFMF ;
erosion Protection of Essential Highways , at site Responsibility:
Highway Bridge Approaches and
Public Works ; Public Assistance
rn CDBG ; Conservation Plant Material Lead
Restoration of critically eroded Centers , Conservation Technical Responsibility :
areas along an 8 . 3-mile stretch of $ 18 , 000 , 000 initial/ Reduces storm
Assistance ; DRI ; FMAP ; HMGP ;
15 1 .2 the Atlantic shoreline in an effort $48 , 000 ,000 long- surge and flooding 2005
Hurricane Program ; Land Support
to provide needed storm term Protection , PlanningAssistance to vulnerability
protection Responsibility :
States Program
Lead
Public Library Construction Grant ; Reduces Responsibility :
Retrofits to the North County vulnerability of a
Coastal Construction Building Zone
16 2 . 2 Library to reduce vulnerability to $ 10 , 000 public building and 2002
Program ; CDBG ; DRI ; FMAP ; Support
wind and flood damage HMGP ; Hurricane Program ; NFMF contents ( library) to Responsibility :
flooding damage
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County .
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
a� o
a�
C: m Project Project Potential Mitigation o Implementation
` O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished m 0 Responsibility
n E
o a) 3 a n o
dMZ fn W U
Lead
Public Library Construction Grant; Reduces Responsibility :
Retrofits to the County's main vulnerability of a
Coastal Construction Building Zone
17 2 .2 library to reduce vulnerability to $ 10 , 000 public building and 2002 Support
wind and flood damage Program ; CDBG ; DRI ; contents ( library) to
HMGP ; Hurricane Progrram ;am ; NFMF flooding damage Responsibility :
Retrofits to the County's public Reduces Lead
schools , which serve as public vulnerability and Responsibility :
Coastal Construction Building Zone
shelters , to reduce vulnerability to provides for critically 2002
rn 18 2 .2 $75 ,000 Program ; CDBG ; DRI ; HMGP ;
wind and flood damage ; thereby needed shelter
tv reducing the County's safe shelter Hurricane Program ; NFMF (primary critical Support
CU
deficit facilities) Responsibility :
Lead
Reduces Responsibility :
Purchase of an emergency vulnerability to
19 2 .2 generator for the Town of Indian $20 , 000 DRI ; HMGP ; Hurricane Program power loss in a 2002
River Shores (a critical facility) primary critical Support
facility Responsibility:
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant .
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services.
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County .
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre-Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
a� o
m
c °U' Project Project Potential Mitigation p c Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished o Responsibility
� 0 o E a
C
E C a w/ LL
Q
0` :2z cn wU
Lead
Establishment of a County Challenge 21 : Floodplain ; Reduces countywide Responsibility :
geographic information system flood exposure by
$ 1 ,000 , 000 to Conservation Technical Assistance ;
20 1 . 1 department to improve flood $2000000 FMAP ; HMGP ; Land Protection ; allowing better 2003 Support
mapping for flood damage , , management of
reduction NFMF flood zones Responsibility :
Lead
Modifications to the outfall CDBG ; DRI ; Emergency Reduces Responsibility :
rn structure at Stonebridge Rehabilitation of Flood Control
21 2 .2 Subdivision for flood damage $ 5 , 000 Works ; FMAP ; HMGP ; Hurricane vulnerability to 2002 Support
w
reduction Program ; NFMF ; Public Assistance flooding at this site Responsibility :
Construction of a new County Lead
EOC (a critical facility) to meet Eliminates the Responsibility :
22 2 . 2 Federal Emergency Management $6 ,000 , 000 CDBG ; DRI ; HMGP ; Hurricane Proexisting vulnerability 2003
Agency high wind standards for gram of the current EOC Support
continuity of government Responsibility :
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County.
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
� o
Y �
C Project Project Potential Mitigation p Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished 0 Responsibility
L Y
V r 0CD CL E
d
0 L E
N > 7 fn 0
a :2Z rn w
Lead
Responsibility :
Improvements to CR 512 for CDBG ; DRI ; FMAP ; HMGP ; Reduces the risk of
23 1 . 3 improved traffic access and $2 , 0001000 Hurricane Program ; NFMF ; Public fatalities (loss of life ) 2004
Support
emergency evacuations Assistance during evacuation
Responsibility :
Lead
rn
Purchase of shelter supplies for Responsibility :
Reduces exposure
1 24 1 . 5 the City of Vero Beach Recreation $ 5 , 000 CDBG ; DRI ; HMGP ; Hurricane during shelter 2002
Facility (a secondary critical Program Support
activation
facility) Responsibility:
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services.
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County .
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
CD o
Y Y
c m Project Project Potential Mitigation o c Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished m Responsibility
L Y
CU
aUi .0 0
c E a ;�
oa� =3 v, 0
a- 'n Z to Lu U
Lead
Improvements to 53 d St. Responsibility :
Phase I - Reduces the risk of
(East-West connector) for CDBG ; DRI ; HMGP ; Hurricane
25 1 . 3 $2 , 000 , OOOPhase II fatalities (loss of life) 2005
improved traffic access and _ $ 7 , 000 , 000 Program ; NFMF ; Public Assistance during evacuation Support
emergency evacuations Responsibility:
Lead
Replacement of County bridges CDBG ; DRI ; Emergency Relief Responsibility:
constructed below the 100-year Reduces the risk of
0) constructed FMAP ; HMGP ; Hurricane
Ix 26 1 . 3 flood plain for improved access , $ 10 , 0007000 fatalities (loss of life) 2006
cn evacuation , and exposure to Program ; NFMF ; Surface during evacuation Support
flooding Transportation Program Responsibility :
Lead
Elevation of grade crossing over of Responsibility :
railroad at 4151 St . for improved CDBG ; DRI ; FMAP ; HMGP ; Reduces the risk
27 1 . 3 traffic access and emergency $2 , 075 , 315 Hurricane Program fatalities (loss life) 2005 Support
evacuation during evacuation Responsibility:
CDBG = Community Development Block Grant.
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County .
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
> o
U
o Project Project Potential Mitigation o Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished -0 g Responsibility
U � O f6
N C d E Q
o E
aaz U) w 0
Lead
Alterations to an existing critical Responsibility :
facility , located in Indian River Coastal Construction Building Zone Reduces exposure
28 2 . 2 Shores, for protection of computer $ 15 , 000 Program ; DRI ; HMGP ; Hurricane to loss andvulnerabilit
of a 2003
equipment, important documents , Program ; NFMF ulne vulnerability
n Support
and other property P g Responsibility
Lead
Establishment of an Olso Rd ./I-95 Responsibility :
°) 29 1 . 3 interchange for improved traffic $ 5 , 000 , 000- Federal Interstate Highway System Reduces the risk of
access and emergency $ 10 , 000 , 000 - Federal Highway Administration fatalities (loss of life) 2006 Support
0)
evacuations during evacuation
Responsibility :
CDBG Community Development Block Grant .
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County .
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . (Continued ) .
o
U Y
o Project Project Potential Mitigation p Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished Responsibility
U_
.0 0. CCS
E a EE
0- :2 Z U) W 0
Strengthening of Lead
Modification to current building building codes will Responsibility:
standards for manufactured home g
30 2 . 1 parks to provide adequate $0 N/A reduce the entire
community's 2002
Category 3/4 wind storm safe Y Support
space for their residents vulnerability to all Responsibility :
major hazards
Lead
0) Construct new Vero Beach Senior Provide shelter Responsibility:
v 31 1 . 3 Center so it can serve as primary $300 ,000 Grants and private donations during disaster 2004
shelter events Support
Responsibility:
Lead
Responsibility:
32 1 . 1 Update list of critical facilities Ensure operability of IRC
annual ) Minimal staff time Local General Revenue 2004
Y critical facilities Department of
Emergency
Services
C _D _R G Community Development Block Grant .
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County.
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
> o
U �
C: Project Project Potential Mitigation p Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished O Responsibility
L @ m
m E a E n
:3 E
o z cn w U
Lead
Responsibility :
County
Create trained citizen volunteers Provide critical 2004 Department of
33 3 . 3 to assist during emergency $ 15 ,000 Community Emergency Response supportEmergency
situations Team sub-grant to first oServices
responders going
Support
Responsibility:
Neighborhood
rn
organizations
Lead
0D Responsibility:
Raise awareness IRC
Seekspeaking engagements among business Department of 34 3 . 1 before chambers of commerce $0
N/A community of need on- Emergency
oing Services
and other business organizations to have a business gSupport
continuity plan Responsibility :
Chambers of
Commerce
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County.
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
> o
aUi Y
o .0 Project Project Potential Mitigationp Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished a .0 Responsibility
a�
o
CE a E
E
a— z to w U
Lead
Responsibility:
Raise awareness Chambers of
Promote the use of the business among business Commerce
35 3 . 1 oriented website , "Surviving the $0 N/A community of need on- Support
Disaster" to have a business going Treasure Responsibility:
Coast
continuity plan Regional
Planning
rn Council
Lead
Reduces number of Responsibility :
Develop private sector businesses going IRC DES
36 3 . 1 Emergency Support Function in $0 N/A out of business 2005 Support
CEMP following disaster Responsibility:
event Chambers of
Commerce
CDBG = Community Development
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services .
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County.
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Table 6 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
> o
aUi
o � Project Project Potential Mitigationo Implementation
O Description Cost Funding Source Accomplished � o Responsibility
V. a) «-
U O
d E
d � Z U) W 0
Lead
More effective Responsibility :
decision- making IRC Community
following disaster Development
37 3 . 2 Develop Post-Disaster $50 , 000 HMGP , PDM event ; speeds return Dept.
Redevelopment Plan to normalcy ; Support
facilitates receipt of Responsibility:
post-disaster State IRC DES ,
and Federal dollars Chambers of
rn Commerce
N
O
(' nR('. = Community Development Block Grant .
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
DES = Department of Emergency Services.
DRI = Disaster Recovery Initiative .
FMAP = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program .
HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .
IRC = Indian River County.
N/A = Not available .
NFMF = National Flood Mitigation Fund .
PDM = Pre- Disaster Mitigation .
Goal 1 . To minimize the loss of life and property and repetitive loss .
Objective 1 . 1 Create and maintain current an all - hazards database .
Project # 8 . Mapping and assessment of public wellfiel s and
reverse osmosis plant protection zones to guard against
groundwater contamination .
Project # 1 . Improved mapping of the Coastal High Hazard Area to
allow for better and more precise implementation of County
regulations related to the development within that area .
Project # 20 . Establishment of a county GIS department to improve
flood mapping for flood damage reduction .
Project # 32 . Update annually , list of critical facilities and depict
them on all appropriate hazard risk maps .
Objective 1 . 2 Restore or protect waterfront areas susceptible to erosion .
Project # 2 . Acquisition of land along the Indian River Lagoon within
the Coastal High Hazard Area to reduce potential future losses .
Project # 3 . Re-vegetating areas along the banks of the Indian River
Lagoon to offer protection from hurricanes , floods , and Erosion .
Project # 14 . Stabilization of Jungle Trail along the Indice n River
Lagoon to improve public access and reduce erosion .
Project # 15 . Restoration of critically eroded areas along an 8 . 3- mile
stretch of the Atlantic shoreline in an effort to provide needed storm
protection .
Objective 1 . 3 . Improve local roadways to ensure safe , efficient
evacuation .
Project # 23 . Improvements to CR 512 for improved traffic access
and emergency evacuations .
Project # 25 . Improvements to 53 ' St . ( East-West connector) for
improved traffic access and emergency evacuations .
Project # 26 . Replacement of County bridges constructed below the
100-year flood plain for improved access , evacuation and exposure
to flooding .
Project # 27 . Elevation of grade crossing over railroad at 41 " St . for
improved traffic access and emergency evacuation .
Project # 29 . Establishment of an Olso Rd ./ I - 95 intercha ige for
improved traffic access and emergency evacuations .
6 -21
Objective 1 . 4 Reduce the potential threat of wildland fires .
Project # 9 . Conduct prescribed burns in certain conservation areas
vulnerable to wildland fire .
Objective 1 . 5 Increase primary shelter space and supplies to meet
stated need .
Project # 24 . Purchase of shelter supplies for the City of Vero
Beach Recreation Facility (a secondary critical facility) .
Project # 31 . Construct the new Vero Beach Senior Center so it can
serve as a primary shelter.
Goal 2 . To achieve safe and fiscally sound , sustainable communities .
Objective 2 . 1 Ensure that local planning and development matters
address hazard mitigation .
Project # 10 . Protection of superficial aquifer groundwa er quality
and quantity as a secondary potable water source through
acquisition of primary recharge areas and through the p ugging of
abandoned cartesian wells .
'fir Project # 30 . Modification to current building standards for
manufactured homes .
Objective 2 . 2 Retrofit critical facilities .
Project # 4 . Retrofits to the City of Vero Beach Transmission and
Distribution (a secondary critical facility) to reduce vulnerability to
wind and flood damage .
Project # 5 . Retrofits to the City of Vero Beach Recreation Facility (a
secondary critical facility) to reduce vulnerability to wind and flood
damage .
Project # 6 . Retrofits to the Town of Indian River Shores (a critical
facility) to reduce vulnerability to wind and flood damage
Project # 7 . Retrofits to the City of Vero Beach Police Department (a
critical facility) to reduce vulnerability to wind and flood damage .
Project # 11 . Retrofits to the City of Fellsmere library for flood
damage reduction .
Project # 12 . Retrofitting of an existing structure (old school ) to
provide for an EOC and emergency shelter in the City of Fellsmere .
`'err
6 -22
1�4w Project # 16 . Retrofits to the North County Library to reduce
vulnerability to wind and flood damage .
Project # 17 . Retrofits to the County's main library to reduce
vulnerability to wind and flood damage .
Project # 18 . Retrofits to the County's public schools , which serve
as public shelters , to reduce vulnerability to wind and flood damage ,
thereby reducing the County' s safe shelter deficit.
Project # 19 . Purchase of an emergency generator for ihe Town of
Indian River Shores (a critical facility) .
Project # 21 . Modifications to the outfall structure at stone bridge
subdivision for flood damage reduction .
Project # 22 . Construction of a new County EOC ( critical facility) to
meet FEMA high wind standard for continuity of government .
Project # 28 . Alterations to an existing critical facility , to ated in
Indian River Shores , for protection of computer equipment , important
documents , and other property .
Objective 2 . 3 Prepare informational materials regarding the importance
of hazard mitigation .
Project # 13 . Establishment of a public education program on the
importance of maintaining drainage systems .
Goal 3 . To minimize economic disruption and ensure orderly , effective recovery
and redevelopment .
Objective 3 . 1 Promote the importance of creating disaster- relsistant
businesses .
Project # 34 . Seek speaking engagements before chambers of
commerce .
Project # 35 . Promote the use of the business -oriented Nebsite ,
" Surviving the Disaster. "
Project # 36 . Develop Private Sector Emergency Support Function .
Objective 3 . 2 Develop a program to reduce the length of economic
disruption following a major hazard event .
Project # 37 . Develop a Post- Disaster Redevelopment Plan .
Objective 3 . 3 Provide mechanism (s ) that provide local citizens a way of
'%W assisting their neighborhoods following disaster events .
6 -23
Project # 33 . The County Emergency Management Division will
promote citizen involvement in diaster events by
creating Citizen Emergency Response Teams , and
provide training opportunities .
6 .4 INTEGRATION INTO LOCAL PLANS
Hazards are pervasive throughout our local communities . While it is understood
that the issue of hazard mitigation is a central focus of the unified LMS , there arm. other
planning mechanisms where this important issue should be addressed . Issues of land use ,
infrastructure , and environment have been addressed in local comprehensive plans ;
however, few plans properly address the impact disasters may have on existing and future
development . Disasters have enormous physical and social impacts on the community .
Other types of planning mechanisms where hazards should be addressed include county
and city CEMPs , Continuity of Operations Plans , flood mitigation plans , State Housing
Initiative Partnership Program ( SHIP ) , and Land Development Regulations . Disaster
planning is relevant to historic resources , waterfront development , community
redevelopment , and low income neighborhoods where substandard housing is typically
found has resulted due to use of poor construction methods and materials , and/ :) r lack of
adequate maintenance by the homeowner.
From a regulatory standpoint , the local government comprehensive plans
administered under the provisions of Section 163 . 3161 , F . S . are the cornerstone., of growth
management in Florida . Being supported by force of law , local comprehensive plans are
extremely important vehicles to implement hazard mitigation . Local governments under
1%W Section 163 . 3161 , F . S . are required to update their capital improvement lists anrivally. The
projects included on the LMS PPL also should be incorporated into the local comprehensive
plan CIEs . This should be accomplished annually in keeping with the annual update of the
jurisdiction ' s CIE list of projects .
As described in Section 6 . 7 , Continuing Public Involvement , the LMS Working
Group will meet quarterly . It is anticipated that one of the quarterly meetings will focus on
integrating hazard mitigation into comprehensive plans . At that meeting , ideas will be
shared about how successes were achieved and obstacles overcome .
6 . 4 . 1 The Integration Process
The following process will be followed to ensure widespread integration of hazard
mitigation into local planning mechanisms in Indian River County .
1 ) A letter from the LMS Chair, along with a letter of support from the chair of
the elected body , will be transmitted to local planning directors , inviting each
to attend an LMS Working Group meeting to discuss ways in which hazard
mitigation can be best integrated into planning matters .
2 ) A meeting of the LMS Working Group is held . This phase could be said to be
the institutionalization of hazard mitigation into the local planning and
development .
r.r 3 ) Each director will be asked to work with their planning stafffto de elop a
strategy to integrate hazard mitigation into their planning programs and to
6 -24
evaluate whether their regulations address hazard mitigation , and if found to
''�► be lacking , identify several possible alternatives .
4 ) At the next meeting of the LMS , each director will report their sit ation to the
LMS Working Group ,
5 ) Identified changes will be made through the plan amendment process . Refer
to Section 163 . 3187 , F . S . and Chapter 9J - 11 , F . A. C . Local governments can
seek plan amendments twice each year. This is the preferred approach
because the formal , legally- mandated Evaluation and Appraisal Report
process in which local comprehensive plans undergo extensive review and
scrutiny and modification will not be triggered until 2008 for Indian River
County and 2010 for the municipalities .
A similar process as described in Points 1 -4 above will be taken byte LMS
Working Group to study the feasibility and implementation mechanics relative to other
planning processes active in the County such as the Metropolitan Planning Organization ,
important in addressing transportation matters , SHIP , which is active with low- ir come
housing issues , and Gifford Front Porch Florida , a neighborhood improvement program .
Historical resources also will be evaluated since there are a number of historical structures
in risk areas in the County.
6 . 5 PLAN MONITORING
Once the LMS is adopted by participating local governments , monitoring the
,,. progress of plan implementation is extremely important . It is through the monitoring process
that the Working Group can determine whether or not implementation is occurring as
originally envisioned . Determining whether or not the implementation timefram s are being
met is critical . The monitoring process may be more important in identifying why
actions/initiatives are not occurring . The identification of obstacles to implemen ation is also
important . Funding cutbacks , unsuccessful competitive grant applications , and 3taff
changes (e . g . , key individual resigns or reassigned to new job , unexpected design
problems , unexpected complexity in securing permits , lose commitment of part n r
agencies/organizations ) can have significant impacts on implementing the LMS . Certain
events or circumstances can alter the traditional means of operation , as was the case
following September 11th . Changes such as this make plan monitoring important in keeping
the LMS current .
6 . 5 . 1 Process
Step 1 Each quarter, the designated contact for all mitigation projects or
initiatives identified on the PPL will report progress to the LMS
Coordinator. For the first and third quarters , the point-of-contact will
complete an Individual Project Progress Report — Form #1 for each
project and submit it to the LMS Coordinator. For the second and fourth
quarters , an informal progress check- in will take place between the
point of contact and the LMS Coordinator. The point-of-con tact also will
be responsible for submitting any supporting documentation such as
newspaper articles or other relevant media .
6 -25
Step 2 Based on the submitted progress report forms and progress check- ins ,
the LMS Coordinator will complete quarterly progress reports for the
overall LMS program and present them to the elected boards of the
County and municipalities .
Step 3 At the end of each year , the LMS Coordinator will prepare coin Annual
LMS Report — Form #2 . The Annual Report will be presented to the
elected boards of the County and municipalities . It is important that the
Annual Report , not just be placed on the consent agenda of each local
government , but a formal presentation be made where , not only is the
status reported , but the elected officials have an opportunity to ask
questions about the program .
Step 4 Besides reporting to local governments , LMS Coordinatorand/or Chair
of the LMS Working Group will be available to make similar,
presentations to private sector organizations , non - profit organizations
(e . g . , Council on Aging , chambers of commerce ) , and community
organizations (e . g . , Kiwanis , Rotary , Lions ) .
`err
6-26
INDIAN RIVER COUNTY
UNIFIED LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY
INDIVIDUAL PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT
From : LMS Project Coordinator
To : Elected Officials
Date :
Subject : Annual Report of LMS Implementation Status
Project Title : Problems/Obstacles & Proposed Corrective Action :
Status of Progress :
0)
N
v
Name of Report Preparer:
Email Address :
Telephone # :
Send to :
LMS Project Coordinator E-mail Address: 0
Indian River County Division of Emergency Management X
1840 25th Street
Vero Beach, FL 32960 MA
ANNUAL LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY ( LMS ) REPORT
From : LMS Coordinator
To : Elected Officials
Date :
Subject: Annual Report of LMS Implementation Status
This report is prepared to inform locally elected officials in Indian River County of the progress being made to make
our community
more disaster- resistant . The following briefly summarizes the status of Existing Projects presently being developed and identifies
New Projects expected to be undertaken in the upcoming year.
EXISTING PROJECTS ( 1 / 1 /04 — 12/31 /04 )
rn Rank on Obstacles/Problems/
N PPL Project Title Purpose of Project Status of Completion Solutions
co
X
N
Annual Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS) Report
(Continued)
NEW PROJECTS ( 1 / l /05 - 12/31 /05 )
PPL Project Title Purpose of Project Funding Anticipated Problems/ Start/ End
Ranking Source (s) Solutions Dates
rn
N
n �
0O
CD N
C.
6 . 6 UPDATING THE PLAN
There are two updating processes connected to the LMS . One describes how
the PPL is updated annually . A detailed description of the PPL updating procedure is
provided below . The second updating process , involves the 5-year update oft the entire
LMS .
6 . 6 . 1 PPL
At the heart of the LMS is the PPL . The PPL is a rank order of prior ty projects
that if implemented will result in a more disaster- resistant community . BecaUSE projects are
completed , new needs surface , new funding opportunities arise , and dramatic events occur
that affect priorities , it is important that the PPL be a dynamic document . Fort is reason ,
the window to submit projects to the PPL will always be open . The followingsections
identify the multi -step prioritization methodology .
6. 6. 1 . 1 Methodology
Potential LMS mitigation projects and activities will be evaluated bac. ed on the
following four criteria :
1 ) Which goal (s ) the project addresses ;
2 ) Which hazard (s ) the project addresses ;
3 ) Whether or not the project is supported in a plan or policy of the jurisdiction
( i . e . , Comprehensive Growth Management Plan , Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan , Stormwater Management Plan , etc. ) ; and
4 ) Does the project address an immediate threat to public health , safety , and
welfare ?
In order to evaluate the projects , the Working Group must first establish the
priority goals and hazards using the following methodology . The process listed below will be
followed during each update of the LMS .
Each Working Group member ranks the goals and hazards below u ing the
ranking methodology described below .
6. 6. 1 . 2 Prioritization Process
The Working Group prioritized the following LMS goals using the following
methodology . The Working Group ranked Indian River County LMS goals , by placing a 1 , 27
or 3 next to the goals according to the following priority ranking . The Working Group placed
a 1 next to the goal highest priority in the County , a 2 next to the goal with the econd
highest priority in the County , and a 3 next to the goal with the third highest pri rity .
Minimize the loss of life , property , and repetitive loss ;
• Achieve safe and fiscally sound , sustainable communities ; and
Minimize economic disruption and ensure orderly , effective recovery and
redevelopment .
%W The Working Group prioritized the following hazards using the following
methodology . They ranked the top five hazards facing Indian River County by placing a 1 ,
6- 30
21 31 4 , or 5 next to the hazard according to the following priority ranking . They placed a 1
next to the hazard highest priority in the County , a 2 next to the hazard with the second
highest priority in the County , a 3 next to the hazard with the third highest priori y , a 4 next to
the hazard with the fourth highest priority , and a 5 next to the hazard with the fifth highest
priority . All other hazards were left blank .
Agricultural Pest & Disease ;
Civil Disturbance ;
Communication Failure ;
Drought ;
Epidemic ;
Erosion ;
Extreme Temperature ;
Flooding ;
Hazardous Materials Accident ;
Hurricane/Tropical Storm ;
Immigration Crisis ;
Military Ordnance ;
Power Failure ;
Radiological Hazards ;
• Seismic ( Sinkholes , Earthquakes , Dam/Levee Failure ) ;
Terrorism/Sabotage ;
Thunderstorm/ Lightning ;
Tornado ;
Transportation System Accident ;
'�.• . Wellfield Contamination ; and
Wildland Fire .
6. 6. 1 . 3 Prioritization Scoring
The rankings above were translated into scores so that priority could be
determined . Once the Working Group ranked the goals and hazards , staff converted the
rankings into numerical scores as follows :
Goals
Rank # 1 — 5 points
Rank #2 — 3 points
Rank #3 — 1 point
The goal with the most points became the highest priority goal , the goal with the
second highest points became the second highest priority goal , and the goal with the lowest
points became the third priority goal .
Hazards
Rank # 1 — 50 points
Rank #2 — 40 points
Rank #3 — 30 points
Rank #4 — 20 points
Rank #5 — 10 points
6-31
The rankings given to each hazard were converted into the points listed above .
The total points for each hazard were added . The hazard with the highest scoria. was the
highest priority hazard and so on . Those hazards that did not receive any rankings were
grouped together as " non - immediate" priority hazards .
6. 6. 1 . 4 Project Evaluation
The process above resulted in a prioritized list of goals and hazards ; from here ,
the projects or mitigation activities were evaluated and ranked based on the foll wing
criteria :
1 ) Which goal (s ) the project addresses ;
2 ) Which hazard (s ) the project addresses ;
3 ) Whether or not the project is supported in a plan or policy of the urisdiction
( i . e . , Comprehensive Growth Management Plan , Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan , Stormwater Management Plan , etc . ) ;
4 ) Does the project address an immediate threat to public health , safety , and
welfare ? ; and
5 ) Is the project cost-effective .
Any organization interested in submitting a project for the PPL must complete a
project submission form ( Form #3 ) . The form will include questions regarding the above
criteria . Proposers will be asked to identify which goal (s ) the project addresses which
hazard (s ) the project addresses , cite supporting evidence from other plans , and document
how the project addresses the issues of public health , safety , and welfare . DE staff will
1%W apply the criteria listed above to projects that are up for consideration for the LKIS PPL .
Each project will be scored according to the point system below . Projects will be listed on
the PPL ranked according to their total evaluation score . The project with the most points
will be ranked first.
The Working Group prioritized the goals in the following order:
1 ) Minimize the loss of life , property , and repetitive loss .
2 ) Minimize economic disruption and ensure orderly , effective recovery and
redevelopment .
3 ) Achieve safe and fiscally sound sustainable communities .
The Working Group prioritized the hazards in the following order:
1 ) Hurricane/Tropical Storm
2 ) Wildland Fire
3 ) Flooding
4 ) Tornado
5 ) Hazardous Materials Accident
6 ) Transportation System Accident
7 ) Power Failure
8 ) Communication Failure
8 ) Terrorism/Sabotage
8 ) Thunderstorm/Lightning
9 ) Erosion
6- 32
FORM #3
�.. Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS)
Mitigation Measure ( Project or Initiative) Proposal Form
Municipality(s ) or Agency(s ) :
Contact Person :
Office Phone :
Fax # :
E- mail :
Estimated Cost of Project or Initiative
Describe the proposed mitigation measure as well as the population that will benefit :
Y
What is the community' s loss exposure before this mitigation effort? $
What will be the community's loss exposure after this mitigation effort? $
What is the estimated cost per benefited individual ? $
(project cost/# of benefited individuals )
Which LMS goal (s ) does the mitigation project address ?
Minimize the loss of life , property, and repetitive loss yes no
Achieve safe and fiscally sound , sustainable communities yes no
Minimize economic disruption and ensure orderly , effective
recovery and redevelopment yes no
Which LMS hazard (s ) does the mitigation project address ? Mark with an X .
HAZARD X HAZARD X HAZARD X
Agricultural Pest & Civil Disturbance Communication Failure
Disease
Drought Epidemic Erosion
Extreme Temperature Flooding Hazardous Material
Accident
Hurricane Immigration Crisis Lightning
Power Failure Radiological Accident Seismic
Terrorism Thunderstorm Tornado
Transportation System Unexploded Military Wellfield Contamina ion
Accident Ordnance
Wildland Fire
Please return completed forms to :
Nat McCollum , LMS Coordinator
184025 th Street, Vero Beach , FL 32960
Phone : (772 ) 567-8000 ext . 1289 , Fax: (772 ) 567-9323
nmccollum@ircgov . com
Date created : April 14 , 2004 6-33
FORM #3
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS) (Continued) .
Mitigation Measure ( Project or Initiative) Proposal Form
Contained within :
The Jurisdiction ' s Comprehensive Growth Management Plan ? yes no
Specific Location
Jurisdiction 's Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan ? yes no
Specific Location
Other local planning document (which one? ) ) yes no
Other local budgeting document (which one ? ) ) yes no
Does this project address issues related to public health , safety , and welfare? yes no
Nature of critical facility benefited by this mitigation measure?
Primary Secondary Not Applicable
What is the life expectancy of the proposed mitigation measure%' years
Is there demonstrated public support for this measure? (attach documentation )
Has a public meeting or hearing been held (attach documentation )
Amount of match (funds or in - kind services ) $ from
(Source of Match )
Date funding will be available?
*%W Sponsor(s )
NAME ALL SPONSORS OF THIS PROJECT , WHETHER OR NOT THEY WILL CONTRIBUTE
FUNDS
If funding were immediately available , how long would it take until the community begar receiving
benefits from this mitigative measure? years
Respond as completely as possible ; attach additional pages as required ,
Please return completed forms to :
Nat McCollum , LMS Coordinator
184025 th Street, Vero Beach , FL 32960
Phone: (772 ) 567-8000 ext. 1289 , Fax : (772 ) 567-9323
nmccollum@ircgov . com
Date created : April 14 , 2004 6-34
10 ) Immigration Crisis
10 ) Radiological Hazards
10 ) Wellfield Contamination
11 ) Agricultural Pest and Disease
11 ) Civil Disturbance
11 ) Drought
Economic Collapse
• Epidemic
Extreme Temperature
Military Ordnance
Seismic ( Sinkholes , Earthquakes , Dam/Levee Failure )
Societal Alienation
• Substance Abuse
Bulleted hazards indicate that no priority score was given ; therefore the hazard
is a " non-immediate priority" hazard .
1 ) Minimize economic disruption and ensure orderly , effective reco ery and
redevelopment .
2 ) Achieve safe and fiscally sound sustainable communities .
Project Scoring .
Project addresses :
Multiple goals = 10 points
1'' Highest priority goal = 5 points
2" highest priority goal = 3 points
3rd highest priority goal = 1 point
Project addresses :
Multi - hazard project = 10 points
1St Highest priority hazard = 5 points
2nd Highest priority hazard = 4 points
3rd Highest priority hazard = 3 points
4th Highest priority hazard = 2 points
5th Highest priority hazard = 1 point
Addresses a " non immediate" = 0 points
hazard priority
Project is :
Supported in multiple plans or policies = 10 points
Supported in a plan or policy = 5 points
Not supported in the CGMP = 0 points
Addresses issues of public health , safety , and welfare ( PHSW )
Project addresses PHSW = 5 points
Project does not address PHSW = 0 points
Project is :
`%r Cost-effective : = 5 points
Not cost-effective = 0 points
6- 35
The maximum score for a project is 40 points , which would be received by a
project that addresses multiple goals and hazards , is supported by multiple plans and
policies , addresses issues related to public health , safety , and welfare , and is cost-effective .
The scores for the five criteria will be added together . The total scores for each
of the five criteria will be the bases of the ranked list of projects . The projects with the
highest score will be ranked first on the PPL .
After the total scores have been determined , a revised PPL will bedeveloped by
listing the projects in ranked order according to score .
The LMS PPL will set the priorities for mitigation projects within the County , but it
is important to note that given funding availability , changes in political will , or thE occurrence
of a disaster, priorities may shift .
6. 6. 1 . 5 Tie-break Methodology
This project prioritization methodology will most likely result in tie scores for
projects that address the same hazards . For instance , most stormwater management
projects will address the same goals and hazards , resulting in tie ranking scores . Because
of this , it is important to develop a tie- break methodology .
For projects with identical ranking scores that address different hazards , the
project that addresses the highest priority hazard shall be ranked the higher . For instance , if
a tornado project and a hazardous materials accident project received identical ranking
scores , the tornado project would be ranked higher because it' s overall hazard priority is
higher than hazardous materials accidents .
For projects with identical ranking scores that address the same hazards , the
Working Group will meet to break the ties so that when funding becomes available , the
County can act quickly to go after it.
6 . 6 . 2 Comprehensive Update
The LMS planning process is dynamic and results in the development of a set of
prioritized projects and initiatives with the aim of mitigating hazard impacts . To ensure this
Local Hazard Mitigation Strategy remains consistent with current community issues and
characteristics , it is important that it be periodically reviewed and updated .
In developing this updating process , three key sources were consulted to shape
the process and procedures developed herein : Section 163 . 3191 , F . S . : the eva nation and
appraisal process of local government comprehensive plans ; the ARC , Ten- Step Informative
Model ; and the FEMA' s DMA2K local mitigation planning requirements . A key objective in
the development of the process was to keep it from being excessively bureaucratic and
cumbersome .
The LMS update process will occur on a 5-year cycle as is recommended by
FEMA' s DMA2K . The Working Group indicated that there needed to be some abbreviated
V#MW reassessment of the Strategy following a Disaster Declaration .
6- 36
The LMS update procedures will be initiated and carried out by the E irector of
DES . Both the regular , 5-year Strategy update processes , as well as the abbreviated review
process applicable following a Disaster Declaration , are depicted in Figure 6 . 2 .
6. 6. 2. 1 Regular LMS Update Procedures
The regular updating process will occur every 5 years . The administrative steps ,
as described below, constitute the procedures that will be followed .
Step 1 The Director of DES will activate the update process in January of the
fourth year of the update cycle by notifying each member of the
Working Group of an initial organizational meeting . At that time , the
DES requests information updates on those serving on the Working
Group ( name of person , address , telephone and fax number, and
e- mail address , if available ) .
Step 2 The Director of DES prepares a meeting agenda in coord nation with
the Chairman of the Working Group to be distributed in advance of the
meeting to members of the Working Group .
Step 3 A Working Group meeting is held . A brief review of the u dating
process is discussed . A discussion of whether the evaluation criteria
are still appropriate or whether modifications or additions are needed
due to changing conditions over the period since the last update
process occurred . The data needs will be reviewed , data sources
identified , and responsibility for collecting information assigned to
members .
Step 4 A draft report is prepared . Evaluation criteria to be addressed include
the following :
A. Changes in the community and government processes that are
hazard - related and have occurred since the last Strategy review ;
1 . Community change
a . Growth and development in vulnerable areas ;
b . Impact of actions resulting from growth that a versely
affect natural resources in vulnerable areas , such as
seawalling , beach erosion , heightening depos tion in inlets ;
c . Demographic changes ;
d . New hazards identified ;
e . Changes in community economic structure ; ar d
f. Special needs population changes .
2 . Government process changes
a . New or changing laws , policies , and regulatio s ;
b . Changes in funding sources or requirements ;
c . Change in priorities for implementation ;
d . Changes in government structure ; and
e . Shifts in responsibility and mitigation committe resources .
6-37
Declared Regular
1%W Emergency LMS Update
Occurs Initiated
[ Department
of Emergency
ices (DES) Initiates Process IF
DES Initiates Process
DES Prepares Technical Report
on Declared Emergency
LMS Review/Update LMS Review/Update
Subcommittee Meets Subcommittee Meets
F I
If No LMS If LMS Needs
Modification Modification
Needed
IF
Apply Evaluation Criteria in Assessing LMS
Conflicts due to Changes in the Community and Processes
Technical Report Condition of each Initiative and Project in the LMS at the date of
Transmitted to Local Adoption and the Date of Review
Governments a Progress in Implementing LMS Initiatives and Project
• Extent to which Unanticipated Problems and Opportunities Occurred
• Effect on the LMS due to Changes in the State Comp. Plan and Other
Governing Documents
Scheduling, Budgeting, and Implementation
Mitigation Strategy Effectiveness
Coordination with Public and Private Sectors ; Intergovernmental
Major Disasters evaluated on a Continuing Basis
DES Develops
Draft LMS Update Report
Solicit Public Comment
on Draft Update
Present Draft to Working Group for
Comment and Review
DES Modifies Draft LMS Based on
Working Group and Public Comments
Final LMS Update Report Prepared
Present to Local Governing Body(s ) and
Other Interested Parties
Figure 6 . 2 . Review and revision procedures for updating the single , countywide Indian River
%W County Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) . esA
6-38
r B . Progress in implementing LMS initiatives and project - the
Strategy initiatives and projects as compared with act al results at
the date of the report ;
C . Effectiveness of the implemented initiatives and projects ,
D . Evaluation of unanticipated problems and opportunities that have
occurred between the date of adoption and date of report ;
E . Evaluation of hazard - related public policies , initiative , and
projects ;
F . Assess the effectiveness of public and private sector coordination
and cooperation .
Step 5 The Director of DES determines the best method to solic t public
input . The Director of DES is responsible for public
noticing/advertising requirements . All Working Group members are
informed and requested to attend the public meeting .
Step 6 A public meeting is held . The Director of DES or a representative of
the Working Group presents findings , conclusions , and
recommendations of the Strategy effort . Public comments are
recorded .
+�1rrW
Step 7 The Director of DES distills and synthesizes public comments in the
memorandum .
Step 8 The Director of DES coordinates and organizes second eeting of the
Working Group . The draft Strategy Update Report is distributed to
each participant 7 days prior to the meeting . The Workirig Group
meeting is held . Consensus is reached on changes tot e draft. If
agreement can not be reached by certain local governm nts on
certain issue (s ) and/or project prioritization (s ) , the conflict resolution
process (Section 6 . 8 ) may be triggered for those specific items
parties cannot agree upon . A vote is taken securing approval of the
draft Strategy Update Report, contingent upon integrating Working
Group comments into the draft report.
Step 9 The Director of DES incorporates mod ifi cations/add itions resulting
from the Working Group meeting .
Step 10 The Director of DES finalizes the Strategy Update Report . Copies are
distributed to Working Group members .
Step 11 Each jurisdictional representative presents the updated Strategy to
their respective governing body and other interested pailies . If there
are new or modified recommendations that their local government
could implement to further the countywide Strategy , mernber seeks
direction from governing body to implement appropriate strategies .
6 -39
Step 12 The final updated LMS is formally adopted by all of the participating
jurisdictions .
Step 13 The final updated LMS is forwarded on to the State Hazard Mitigation
Officer at the Florida Division of Emergency Management and then to
FEMA Region IV for review .
6. 6. 2. 2 Declared Emergency Assessment
Step 1 Within 6 months following a Disaster Declaration , the Director of DES
will initiate a post disaster review and assessment. The Director of
DES will activate the assessment by appointing a Strategy Update
Subcommittee . Each member of the Strategy Update Subcommittee
will be notified that the assessment process is being commenced .
Step 2 The Director of DES , through the Strategy Update Subcommittee , will
draft a Technical Report . The purpose of the report is to Jocument
the facts of the event and assess whether the Strategy elfectively
addressed the hazard . The Report should contain , ata iminimum , the
following :
A. Identification of whether the hazard creating the declared
emergency has been addressed in the Strategy;
*4% .r B . Documentation of the event : the magnitude of the event , areal
extent of damages , and specific damages sustained public
infrastructure [e . g . , potable water and wastewater treatment plants
and collection systems] and private infrastructure [e . g . , utilities ,
power] ) ;
C . Discussion of impacts to the private sector , such as obstacles to
recovery , utilization of local vendors , deficits in types f products
needed , accessibility of vendor suppliers , demand for space for
temporary relocation , local business contingency pla s , etc . ;
D . Analysis of effectiveness of coordination among institutional
entities (e . g . , local governments , Council on Aging , Indian River
County Health Department , medical facilities , Florida Power &
Light Company , Southern Bell , Red Cross , Salvation Army , South
Florida and St. Johns River Water Management Districts , FDCA ,
Florida Department of Transportation ) , and make
recommendations , as necessary ;
E . Evaluation of the accuracy of the hazard vulnerability and risk
assessment in Strategy relative to an actual event ;
F . Identification of Strategy initiatives/projects that had been
implemented to mitigate impacts of the type of flooding hazard
creating the emergency event , and evaluate effectiveness .
6 -40
G . Discussion of unanticipated impacts and identificatior of potential
`W mitigation measures ; and
H . Synthesis of information and prepare conclusions .
Recommendation of whether the Strategy needs to be amended .
Step 3 The Director of DES schedules a meeting of the Working Group and
distributes copies of the draft Technical Report prior to thc., meeting .
Step 4 A meeting of the Working Group is held . Members discuss the Report
findings , conclusions , and recommendations , and determine whether
the Strategy needs to be modified .
Step 5 If the conclusion is that no modification is needed for the trategy , the
Report is approved and transmitted to local governments
Step 6 If it is determined that the Strategy is to be amended , the Working
Group prepares a draft Amended Strategy . The Amended Strategy
should do the following :
A . Utilize information from the Technical Report ;
B . Provide justification of the need to amend the Strategy ;
C . Contain a review and analysis of existing Strategy
initiatives/projects in light of new initiatives/projects recommended
in Technical Report ; and
D . Include a re- prioritization of initiatives/projects .
Step 7 A draft Amended Strategy is provided to each member of the Working
Group 1 week in advance of the scheduled meeting .
Step 8 A meeting of the Working Group is held . The draft Amended Strategy
is discussed . Modifications are suggested .
Step 9 The Director of DES , in consultation with Working Group , establishes
appropriate method (s ) to solicit public input . The Director of DES is
responsible for public noticing/advertising requirements . Working
Group members are informed and requested to attend the public
meeting .
Step 10 Public meeting is held . The Director of DES or a representative of the
Working Group presents findings , conclusions , and recorn mend ations
of Draft Amended Strategy .
Step 11 The Director of DES distills and synthesizes public comments and
circulates them among the Working Group for comment . If comments
are extensive and/or controversial , a meeting of the Working Group is
scheduled and organized by the Director of DES . If no meeting of
Working Group is warranted , skip to Step 13 .
' , Step 12 A meeting of the Working Group is held . Public comments are
discussed . Consensus reached as to how comments are to be
6 -41
reflected in the Amended Strategy . If agreement can not be reached
by certain local governments on certain issue (s ) and/or project
prioritization (s ) , the conflict resolution process (Section 6 . 8 ) may be
triggered for those specific items parties cannot agree upon . A vote is
taken securing approval of the draft Strategy Update Rep rt,
contingent upon integrating Working Group comments int the draft
report .
Step 13 The Director of DES modifies the draft report based on thm. outcome of
the results of Working Group meetings ( Steps 8 & 12 ) , or makes
modifications resulting from public comments generated during Step
10 .
Step 14 The Director of DES finalizes the Amended Strategy . Co ies of the
Amended Strategy are distributed to the Working Group for review .
Step 15 Each jurisdictional representative presents the Amended Strategy to
their local governing body and other interested parties . If there are
new or modified recommendations that their local government could
implement to further the countywide Strategy , the member seeks
direction from the governing body to implement appropriate strategies .
Step 16 The final updated LMS is formally adopted by all participating
jurisdictions
"r.► Step 17 The final updated LMS is forwarded to the State Hazard Mitigation
Officer at the Florida Division of Emergency Managemeni and FEMA
Region IV for review .
6 . 7 CONTINUING PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
The Indian River County LMS Working Group recognizes the importance of
public involvement in the LMS planning process . The committee is committed to providing
opportunities for the public to become and remain engaged in the LMS process in the future .
The Group will ensure continued public involvement through the following methods :
1 ) Advertising quarterly meetings of the LMS Working Group in local
newspapers and websites to invite the public to attend ;
2 ) Posting updated LMS information and data on County and municipal
websites when available ;
3 ) Engaging in public hazard awareness programs to make residents more
aware of the hazards that Indian River County faces ; and
4 ) Providing copies of the final LMS at local library branches for the public to
view .
The LMS Coordinator shall have the responsibility of ensuring that tt ese
activities are being implemented .
6 -42
6 . 8 CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Background. With multiple local governments involved in the develo ment of the
Indian River County LMS , differences of opinions may arise over the course oft e program
with regard to goals , objectives , policies , and projects . Governments often have different
interests , priorities , and needs as well as distinct constituents . In cases where an impasse
occurs , there needs to be a procedure that can be activated to resolve such co flicts . This
section describes the procedure that will be used to resolve conflicts arising among the
participating entities in the development of the Indian River County LMS . The Conflict
Resolution Process is depicted in Figure 6 . 3 . The specific steps are described n detail
below .
Prior to developing the process , other dispute resolution processes were
investigated . They included the TCRPC Dispute Resolution Process , the Palm 3each
County Multi -jurisdictional Issues Coordination Forum , the South Florida Grow&
Management Conflict Resolution Consortium , the Volusia County Coastal Management
Element Conflict Resolution Program , and the Monroe County procedures for resolving
disputes during the planning , design , construction , and operation of wastewater
collection/treatment and effluent disposal facilities .
The two types of conflicts that may arise are issues and disputes . Is Dues are
technical problems that are susceptible to informal solution by emergency management or
planning office staff. Disputes are problems that escalate to levels requiring formal
resolution by neutral third parties . In either case , resolution or settlement will n t be binding ,
but a mutual , agreed to understanding among the disputing parties .
�rrr
Developing an LMS is a cooperative , collaborative process , and loca
governments should be able to reach consensus on most issues and problems that arise
during the development period . When occasions arise where local governments cannot
reach agreement on a particular issue or project , they will be able to petition a hearing of the
issues before the Working Group .
The LMS Coordinator would provide staff support .
Conflict Resolution Process. The following provides a detailed , step by step
procedure that would be followed should a dispute arise during the study .
Objective : To institute a fair, effective , and efficient process to resolve conflicts
among local governments during the development of the single ,
Countywide LMS .
During the development of the LMS , local governments may reach an impasse
on a particular issue or position . The local government has an opportunity to elect to
exercise the following LMS Conflict Resolution Process .
Step 1 The local government would submit a letter of dispute ( L D ) to the
LMS Coordinator explaining in as much detail as possible their
concern and position along with documentation to support their
position . Also , they would outline potential alternative sol tions .
%W
6 -43
Submission of
Letter of Dispute (LOD)
Disputing Party Clarifies Department of Emergency
and/or Provides nlncomplete Services ( DES)
Additional Information Reviews LOD
for Completeness
If Complete
DES Schedules Meeting of Working Group. LOD
and Informational Materials Provided to Members
IF
Meeting of Working
Group Held
DES Prepares
Resolution
Agreement
Memorandum
her Figure 6 . 3 . Indian River County Conflict Resolution Process .
esa
6-44
Step 2 The LMS Coordinator would review the LOD making sure that it
clearly outlined the position of the local government (s ) and provided
sufficient information supporting their position so the disp to at
question could be easily understood by the members oft e Working
Group . If necessary , the LMS Coordinator would contact he
disputing party and ask for additional information/data necessary to
clarify the position .
Step 3 The LMS Coordinator will schedule a meeting of the full LIAS Working
Group . In an effort to continue to try to resolve the impasse
expeditiously , the LMS Coordinator will make every attempt to
schedule the meeting within two calendar weeks from the date that
the LOD is determined sufficient. Each member of the Working Group
will be sent a copy of the LOD and any supportive materials provided
by the disputing party . The disputing party will be notified of the
meeting date and time .
Step 4 A meeting of the Working Group will be held . The representative of
the disputing party will present their positions to the Working Group .
Based on the ensuing discussion , hopefully resolution will be
achieved . At the end of the meeting , if no mutually acceptable
compromise is achieved , the position of the Working Group will be
final . Whatever the outcome of the meeting , a memorand im of
understanding will be prepared by the LMS Coordinator, To be
'r.. official , the memorandum must have the concurrence oft e Working
Group Chair and a representative of the disputing party .
6 . 9 FUNDING
Whether projects are implemented in many instances is dependent on whether or
not funding is available or whether a grant application was awarded . Potential funding
sources are listed in Appendix C . However, because funding programs are so fluid (funded
some years cutback other years , or completely eliminated ) , the County and its nriunicipalities
maintain contact with their FDCA liaison and the TCRPC , who are familiar with available
grants . Also , Region IV , FEMA — Pre-disaster Mitigation Senior Coordinator and the Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program Coordinator for Florida are excellent resources , as well .
6-45
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7-4
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`*rr
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Table A- 1 . Indian River County Comprehensive Growth Management Plan hazard mitigation inventory .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
Indian River County shall provide the followingTpp .
River County Comprehensive Fire , Natural and Technological
services based on the following criteria : Fire and Management Plan , Future Disaster Mitigation
Emergency Services - Within the urban servicese Element, Policy 2 . 8 . a ,
area , station shall be located to enable a respons
time of 4-6 minutes based on a 40 miles/hour
speed and a 5 mile service radius within urban
service areas . Access shall be on roadways of
sufficient capacity to adequately accommodate
delivery of emergency services .
Indian River County shall regulate development of Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
areas , which are prone to flooding and areas within Growth Management Plan , Future
the 100-year floodplain in a manner that is Land Use Element , Policy 7 . 1 ,
D consistent with the regulations established by the pp . 89 .
National Flood Insurance Program .
Indian River County shall include within its land Indian River County Comprehensive Hurricane Mitigation
development regulations a mechanism to assess Growth Management Plan , Future
the impact of new development on emergency Land Use Element , Policy 12 . 3 ,
evacuation . • 94
During the 1995-2020 time period , the County will Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
have no increase in land use designation density or Growth Management Plan , Future Mitigation
intensity within the Coastal High Hazard Area Land Use Element , Objective 17 ,
CHHA . pp . 97 •
The County shall not approve plan amendments Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
that increase the residential density or land use Growth Management Plan , Future Mitigation
intensity within the CHHA . Land Use Element , Policy 17 . 1 ,
97 .
The County shall support programs of land Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood ,
and Huiricane
acquisition on the barrier island for natural resource Growth Management Plan , Future Mitigation
preservation , recreation or both . Land Use Element , Policy 17 . 2 ,
97 .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
The County shall limit densities in the CHHA to Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
ensure timely evacuation of the barrier island . Growth Management Plan , Future Mitigation
Land Use Element , Policy 17 . 3 ,
97 .
The County shall prohibit new development of adult Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
congregate living facilities , nursing homes , homes Growth Management Plan , Future Mitigation
for the aged , total care facilities , and similar Land Use Element , Policy 17 . 4 ,
developments within the CHHA. pp . 97 •
Within one year the issuance of a Hazard Mitigation Indian River County Comprehensive Natural and Technological Disaster
Report by Indian River County or the Treasure Growth Management Plan , Future Mitigation
Coast Regional Planning Council , any Land Use Element , Objective 19 ,
recommendations that identify land use conflicts or pp . 101 .
inconsistencies will have been implemented .
Indian River County shall issue Hazard Mitigation Indian River County Comprehensive Natural and Technological Disaster
y Reports for following natural or manmade Growth Management Plan , Future Mitigation , Hurricane , Flood ,
w hazardous incidents . Such incidents may include , Land Use Element , Policy 19 . 1 , Erosion , Hazardous Waste ,
but not be limited to , hurricanes and tropical pp . 101 . Nuclear, Fire , and Drought
storms , tornadoes , flooding , hazardous material Mitigation
accidents , nuclear power plant accidents , armed
violence (civil disturbance , terrorism , or military
conflict) , mass immigration , coastal oil spill ,
freezes , fires , and drought.
Following the issuance of any Hazard Mitigation Indian River County Comprehensive Natural and Technological Disaster
Reports , Indian River County shall review its Growth Management Plan , Future Mitigation
comprehensive plan for consistency with that Land Use Element , Policy 19 . 2 ,
Hazard Mitigation Report . Appropriate Hazard pp . 101 ,
Mitigation epo ase
be—
processed at that time .
Table A. 1 . ( Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
Through 2020 , the County will have no instances of Indian River County Comprehensive Wellfield Contamination Mitigation
sanitary sewer facilities contaminating surface Growth Management Plan , March
water or groundwater resources . 1988 , Sanitary Sewer Sub-Element,
Objective 3 , pp . 38 .
The County shall continue to prohibit the locations Indian River County Comprehensive Wellfield Contamination Mitigation
of septic systems within two hundred feet of a Growth Management Plan , March
public water supply well , unless otherwise 1988 , Natural Groundwater Aquifer
approved by the FDEP or HRS . Recharge Sub- Element , Policy 1 . 3 ,
29 .
The County shall continue to protect existing and Indian River County Comprehensive Wellfield Contamination Mitigation
future public water supply wells from contamination Growth Management Plan , March
by continuing to implement Chapter 931 of the 1988 , Natural Groundwater Aquifer
County's land development regulations and by Recharge Sub- Element, Policy 1 . 5 ,
prohibiting any non - residential land use which pp . 29 .
stores , handles , or produces a toxic degradation or
D petroleum-based product , from locating within
1 , 000 feet of a public water supply well .
The County shall prohibit new developments or Indian River County Comprehensive Hazardous Materials Disaster
changes of uses that produce hazardous materials Growth Management Plan , March Mitigation
from locating on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge or the 1988 , Natural Groundwater Aquifer
Ten Mile Ridge areas of Indian River County . Recharge Sub- Element , Policy 1 . 6 ,
. 30 .
It is the goal of Indian River County to have an Indian River County Comprehensive Hazardous Materials Disaster
efficient and environmentally sound solid and Growth Management Plan , March Mitigation
hazardous waste management system to prevent 1988 , Natural Groundwater Aquifer
spread of disease , to promote orderly growth within Recharge Sub - Element , Goal ,
.
demand for the management and disposal of
waste .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
The solid waste disposal district shall provide Indian River County Comprehensive Hazardous Materials Disaster
convenient locations at which residents can drop Growth Management Plan , March Mitigation
off household hazardous materials free of charge . 1988 , Natural Groundwater Aquifer
Recharge Sub- Element, Policy 2 . 4
. 30 .
The County shall encourage the County Indian River County Comprehensive Hazardous Materials Disaster
Environmental Health Department to continue to Growth Management Plan , March Mitigation
perform regular inspections of small quantity 1988 , Solid Waste Element ,
hazard waste generators . Policy 2 . 9 , pp . 30 .
The County shall encourage the Department of Indian River County Comprehensive When improper management of
Environmental Protection to continue to perform Growth Management Plan , March bio- hazardous waste is found
regular inspections of large quantity hazardous 1988 , Solid Waste Element , during an inspection , the private
waste generators and private licensed waste Policy 2 . 10 , pp . 32 . waste handler (the violator) will be
handlers to ensure that bio- hazardous waste , prosecuted and fined by the
D generated by medical establishments and handled Environmental Control Board . The
�„ by private firms , is properly managed . County shall continue to inspect
the bio- hazardous waste which
enters the landfill .
Hazardous Materials Disaster
Mitigation
To effectively implement a stormwater Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
management program , the County must establish a Growth Management Plan , March
source of funding dedicated exclusively to 1988 , Stormwater Management
stormwater management . A stormwater utility Element , pp . 69 .
assesses a user fee based on the stormwater
runoff characteristics of a particular parcel .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
rRiver
a drainage system for Indian River County Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
duces the risk of property damage and Growth Management Plan , March
ience from long term flooding , promotes 1988 , Infrastructure Element , Goal ,
ter recharge of the shallow aquifer , pp . 70
stormwater pollutant loading of the Indian
goon and receiving waters and provides
proper flood Iain management .
By 2020 , all existing and new development in the Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
unincorporated section of Indian River County will Growth Management Plan , March
be protected from flooding from a 25 year/24 hour 1988 , Infrastructure Element,
r
ent . Objective 1 , . 71 .
nty hereby adopts the following Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
ervice standard for all new drainage Growth Management Plan , March
within the unincorporated County: New 1988 , Infrastructure Element,
ent requiring major site plan approval or Policy 1 . 1 , pp . 71 .
ion platting shall construct a drainage
apable of Conservation Service Type 2
rainfall curves .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
F[thePolicy/Objective/Project Source Notes
1989
d floor elevation of any new buildings Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
d within a flood zone , as designated in Growth Management Plan , March
ederal Emergency Management Agency 1988 , Stormwater Management
MA) Flood Insurance Study - Indian River Element, pp . 71 .
unty and Incorporated Areas . "AE" zone
uctures must be elevated a minimum of
(6 ) inches above the base flood level ; "A" zone -
structures must be elevated a minimum of 18 in .
above the crown of the road or at the elevation
required by the DHRS , whichever is higher; if no
base flood data are available , the structure must be
elevated at least three ( 3) feet above the highest
natural elevation or the ground surface prior to
construction next to the proposed walls of the
structure ; "VE" zone - structures must be elevated
D so that the bottom of the lowest horizontal
structural member of the lowest floor is elevated
on - half ( 1 /2 ) foot or more above the base flood
level .
The County shall ensure that adequate stormwater Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
management facilities are constructed and Growth Management Plan , March
maintained to prevent major flooding of the road 1988 , Infrastructure Element , Policy
network of Indian River County during storm 1 . 2 , pp . 71 .
events .
All major bridges shall be designed to withstand a Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
100 year/3 day storm event. Growth Management Plan , March
Itloo , infrastructure Element , Polir%y
1 , 51 pp , 71 .
Table A. 1 . ( Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
By 2010 , all drainage basins in Indian River County FGrowth
River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
shall , at minimum , meet the Flood Protection Level Management Plan , March
of Service ( FPLOS ) for a 10 year/24 hour storm nfrastructureElement ,
event. Objective 2 , . 72 .
In existing developments , the County will Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
reconstruct existing drainage systems and restore Growth Management Plan , March
design capacity when road paving is programmed 1988 , Infrastructure Element ,
under the County's Petition PavingProgram . Objective 2 , Polic 2 . 1 , . 72 .
By 2010 , all existing roadways in the County shall Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
be improved to meet the following level-of-service Growth Management Plan , March
standard : Minimum road crown elevation for 1988 , Infrastructure Element,
existing roads shall be raised during Objective 2 , Policy 2 . 2 , pp . 72 ,
resurfacing/rebuilding to the flood elevation
resulting from the 2 year/24 hour storm event on
local streets . The center two lanes of rebuilt roads
D must be at or above flood levels resulting from a
OD 10 year/24 hour storm event on Arterial and
Collector roads .
Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
All drainage basins will meet the following
level-of-service standards : By 2000 - 2 year/24 Growth Management Plan , March
hour storm event; By 2005 - 5 year/24 hour storm 1988 , Infrastructure Element ,
event ; By 2010 - 10 ear/24 hour storm event . Objective 2 , Policy 2 . 3 , pp . 72 .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
By 2002 , the County will adopt a Stormwater Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
Master Plan . In developing the Stormwater Master Growth Management Plan , March
Plan , the County will analyze each basin in the 1988 , Infrastructure Element ,
unincorporated County , identify existing conditions Objective 2 , Policy 2 . 5 , pp . 73 .
and problems in each basin , and identify projected
growth in each basin . As a result of that analysis ,
the County will identify a design storm parameter ,
discharge rate , land use allowance , and structural
improvement plan for each basin . The County will
coordinate with the City of Sebastian , and will
prioritize analysis of the areas within and adjacent
to the St . Sebastian River basin .
To ensure stormwater management facilities Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
function properly , the County will establish defined Growth Management Plan , March
D levels of maintenance for public and private 1988 , Infrastructure Element,
stormwater management facilities , and will conduct Objective 2 , Policy 2 . 6 , pp . 73 .
inspections on a routine basis .
The County will continue its activities to retrofit the Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
Vero Lakes Estates drainage system . Growth Management Plan , March
1988 , Infrastructure Element ,
Objective 2 , Policy 2 . 8 , pp . 73 .
By 2002 , Indian River County will have an adopted Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
Stormwater Master Plan , which will guide all Growth Management Plan , March
improvements to stormwater management facilities 1988 , Infrastructure Element ,
in Indian River County over a 20 year time frame . ONective 3 , pp . 73 .
Table A. 1 . ( Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
F
transportation improvement projects , Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
shall include stormwater management Growth Management Plan , March
facilities to serve the discharge needs of 1988 , Infrastructure Element ,
developments existing at the time of the Objective 3 , Policy 3 . 2 , pp . 73 .
improvement project within the upstream
watershed area . Funding shall be included in the
Trans ortation CIP .
By 2002 , the County shall consider establishing a Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
stormwater utility to fund maintenance and Growth Management Plan , March
improvements of existing stormwater management 1988 , Infrastructure Element,
facilities . Objective 3 , Policy3 .4 , 74 .
The County shall coordinate with the SJRWMD , Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
and encourage the municipalities within the County Growth Management Plan , March
to adopt stormwater master plans . 1988 , Infrastructure Element ,
Objective 4 , Policy4 . 5 , . 74 .
D By 2002 , the County will have adopted a Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
C1 comprehensive floodplain management plan Growth Management Plan , March
approved by the Federal Emergency Management 1988 , Infrastructure Element ,
Agency ( FEMA) . Objective 5 , . 75 .
The County shall prohibit encroachments , including Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
fill , new construction , substantial improvements , Growth Management Plan , March
and other development, within a County adopted 1988 , Infrastructure Element,
regulatory floodway , as identified in the data Objective 5 , Policy 5 . 1 , pp . 75 .
section of this sub-element , that would result in any
increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a
flood discharge , unless specifically approved by the
Administrator of the Federal Insuiance
Administration under the provisions of
44 CFR 65 . 12 , as amended .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
V
ounty will allow only low density land uses in Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
designated as flood prone (within the Growth Management Plan , March
ear floodplain ) as depicted on the Future 1988 , Infrastructure Element,
Use Map . The only exception is where Objective 8 , Policy 8 . 1 , pp . 77 .
d subdivisions were developed prior to
n re ulations .n River County shall maintain . periodically Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
review, revise if necessary, and enforce land Growth Management Plan , March
development regulations . Those regulations shall 1988 , Future Land Use Element ,
include , but not be limited to provisions for the use Policy 1 . 3 , pp . 69 .
of areas subject to periodic flooding and the
provision of adequate drainage and stormwater
protection .
The County shall not fund transportation Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
improvements , which allow increased development Growth Management Plan , May Mitigation
D in CHHAs . 2003 , Transportation Element,
Policy 7 .4 , pp . 122 .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
The County shall evaluate and prioritize its capital Indian River County Comprehensive Natural and Technological Disaster
improvement projects based on the following Growth Management Plan , May Mitigation
criteria . These criteria are ranked in order of 2003 , Capital Improvements
importance . Element , Policy 1 . 3 , pp . 51 .
• Preservation of the health and safety of the
public by eliminating public hazards ;
Compliance with all mandates and prior
commitments ;
Elimination of existing deficiencies ;
Maintenance of adopted level-of-service
standards ;
• Provision of infrastructure concurrent with the
impact of new development;
Protection of prior infrastructure investments ;
D Consistency with the county plan and plans of
other agencies ;
N Accommodation of new development and
redevelopment facility demands ;
• Consistency with plans of state agencies and
water management districts that provide public
facilities within the local government' s
jurisdiction ;
• Promotion of compact development by
discouraging growth outside of urban service
areas ;
• Demonstration of linkages between projected
growth and facility location ,
• Utilization of the economics of scale and timing
of other improvements ;
• Reduction of operating costs ;
• Adjustment for unseen opportunities ,
situations , and disasters .
Table A. 1 . ( Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
Through 2020 , development in CHHAs will not Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
increase beyond the density or intensity levels Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
indicated on the current Future Land Use Map . May 2003 , Capital Improvements
Element , Objective 2 , pp . 52
The County shall not increase land use density and Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
intensity , in the CHHA, beyond that reflected in the Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
County' s current Future Land Use Map . May 2003 , Capital Improvements
Element , Policy 2 . 2 , pp . 53 .
The County shall make appropriations for Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
infrastructure in CHHAs only to maintain the Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
adopted level-of-service standards . May 2003 , Capital Improvements
Element , Policy 2 . 3 , pp . 53 .
The County shall ensure that the replacement of Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
infrastructure in the CHHA will be limited to Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
D maintaining the adopted level -of-service standards . May 2003 , Capital Improvements
Element , Policy 2 .4 , pp . 53 .
The County shall require that all developments and Indian River County Comprehensive Post- Disaster Redevelopment ;
all single family units in CHHAs fully pay the cost Growth Management Plan , Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
for required infrastructure improvements through May 2003 , Capital Improvements Mitigation
impact fees , developer dedications , assessments , Element , Policy 2 . 5 , pp . 53 .
and contributions .
The County shall not use public funds to subsidize Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
increased density and intensity of urban Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
development in CHHAs . However, public beach , May 2003 , Capital Improvements
shoreline access , resources restoration , or similar Element, Policy 2 . 6 , pp . 53 ,
projects may be constructed .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
New development requiring major site plan Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
approval or subdivision platting shall construct a Growth Management Plan , May
complete drainage system to mitigate the impacts 2003 , Capital Improvements
of a 25 year/24 hour design rainfall event using the Element , Policy 3 . 5 , pp . 54 .
soil conservation service type 2 modified rainfall
curves .
Post development runoff for any drainage basin Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
shall not exceed pre-development runoff unless a Growth Management Plan , May
maximum discharge rate has been adopted and the 2003 , Capital Improvements
discharge does not exceed that rate . If a maximum Element , Policy 3 . 5 , pp . 54 ,
discharge rate has not been adopted for a basin ,
post development discharge may not exceed
pre-development discharge .
By 2010 , all existing roadways in the county shall Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
be improved to meet the following level-of-service Growth Management Plan , May
D standards : Minimum road crown elevation for 2003 , Capital Improvements
� existing roads shall be raised during Element , Policy 3 . 5 , pp . 54 .
resurfacing/rebuilding to the flood elevation
resulting from the 2 year/24 hour storm event on
local streets ; the center two lanes of rebuilt roads
must be at or above flood levels resulting from a
10 year/24 hour storm event on Arterial and
Collector roads ; and all drainage basins will meet
the following level of service standards : By 2005 —
5-year/24 hour storm event , by 2010 — 10-Year/
24 hour storm event .
In coordination with the Office of Radiation Control Indian River Uounty Coprehensive-- Air Pollution Mitigation
and the Indian River County Health Department , Growth Management Plan , March
the County shall make available information on the 1988 , Conservation Element, Policy
detection and control of radon gas . 1 . 2 , pp . 89 .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
Through 2020 , there will be no reduction in flood Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
storage capacity or the other natural functions and Growth Management Plan ,
values of floodplains in Indian River County . March 1988 , Conservation Element ,
Objective 4 , pp . 94 .
The County shall regulate development in areas Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
designated as regulatory floodways in the 1989 Growth Management Plan ,
FEMA Flood Insurance Study for Indian River March 1988 , Conservation Element ,
County . Within designated regulatory floodways , Policy 4 . 1 , pp . 94 ,
all encroachment shall be prohibited , including : fill ,
new construction , substantial improvements , and
other development within the adopted regulatory
flood that would result in any increase in flood
levels within the County during the occurrence of
the base flood discharge ,
The County shall continue to regulate development Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
D within flood prone areas to minimize flood storage Growth Management Plan ,
Cn capacity reduction and to afford protection to life March 1988 , Conservation Element ,
and property within floodplains . Policy 4 . 2 , pp . 95 .
The County hereby adopts the following specific Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion Mitigation
criteria pertaining to shoreline stabilization within Growth Management Plan ,
the unincorporated portion of Indian River County March 1988 , Conservation Element ,
and within the municipal limits of the City of Vero Policy 10 . 5 , pp . 104 .
Beach : Only structures vulnerable to erosion from a
15 year or less storm event shall be permitted to
construct rigid shoreline stabilization structures .
Table A. 1 . ( Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
By 2000 , to reduce improper management of Indian River County Comprehensive Hazardous Materials Disaster
hazardous and solid waste , the County will Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
investigate illegal waste disposal practices , March 1988 , Conservation Element ,
evaluate current enforcement policies , and revise Policy 11 . 3 , pp . 104 .
County enforcement policies if deemed
appropriate .
Existing known hazardous waste contaminated Indian River County Comprehensive Hazardous Materials Disaster
sites shall be monitored and remediated , when Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
feasible . March 1988 , Conservation Element,
Policy 11 . 4 , pp , 106 .
Through 2004 , there will be no expansion of Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
infrastructure within the CHHA other than that Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
which is deemed necessary to maintain existing March 1988 , Coastal Management
levels-of-service . Element , Objective 5 , pp . 96 .
D The County shall not subsidize public facilities Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
within the CHHA , other than those which are Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
°' deemed necessary to maintain existing March 1988 , Coastal Management
level-of-service standards , and those which are Element , Policy 5 . 2 , pp . 96 .
directly related to public access and/or resource
mans ement .
Following a storm event, the Public Works Indian River County Comprehensive Post-Disaster Redevelopment
Department shall assess all County facilities Growth Management Plan , March
damaged from storm activity in the CHHA, and 1988 , Coastal Management
shall make recommendations to reduce future Element , Policy 5 . 3 , pp . 96 .
expenditures and potential damage risks . In
addition , the Public Works Department shall
conduct a cosVbenefit analysis to evaluate the
relocation of storm damaged infrastructure or
infrastructure which is repeatedly threatened by
potential storm damage .
Table A . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
The County shall maintain , at a minimum , a Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA) Growth Management Plan ,
Community Rating System (CRS) classification of March 1988 , Coastal Management
" 7" by continuing to enforce LDR Chapter 930 - Element, Policy 5 .4 , pp . 96 .
Stormwater Management and Flood Protection ,
and by evaluating structures for compliance with
the FEMA's 50% Rule .
Consistent with Chapter 252 , F . S . , by 1998 , the Indian River County Comprehensive Hurricane Mitigation
County will conduct a survey of existing schools , Growth Management Plan ,
municipally-owned , and County-owned buildings to March 1988 , Coastal Management
identify those building that are approximately Element, Policy 6 . 2 , pp . 97 .
designed and located to serve as hurricane
evacuation shelters . Once this survey is
completed , the County will solicit State funding
D from the Florida Division of Emergency
Management to decrease the deficit of "safe"
shelter capacity by retrofitting existing primary
shelter facilities .
By August 1999 , The utilities department and public Indian River County Comprehensive Hurricane , Flood , and
works department shall assist the Department of Growth Management Plan , Technological Disaster Mitigation
Emergency Services in assessing the vulnerability March 1988 , Coastal Management
of public infrastructure within the CHHA. The Element , Policy 6 . 3 , pp . 97 .
Community Development Department shall assist
the Department of Emergency Services in
assessing the vulnerability of private residences
and businesses within the CHHA , and by ensuring
mitigation techniques , such as dedicating
emergency accesses , as required by the
Department of Emergency Services .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
Indian River County shall continue to coordinate Indian River County Comprehensive Hurricane Mitigation
with the Treasure Coast Regional Planning council Growth Management Plan ,
(TCRPC) , Brevard County and St . Lucie County March 1988 , Coastal Management
concerning evacuation routes and populations Element , Policy 6 .4 , pp . 97 .
involved to assess the impact of regional growth on
local evacuation times .
By August 1999 , the County shall adopt a Local Indian River County Comprehensive Post- Disaster Redevelopment ;
Mitigation Strategy that meets the requirements of Growth Management Plan , Natural and Technological Disaster
Chapter 163 , F . S . and DCA Rule 9J -5 , as an annex March 1988 , Coastal Management Mitigation
to the Indian River County Comprehensive Growth Element , Objective 7 , pp . 97 .
Management Plan (CEMP ) and address post-
natural disaster mitigation and economic recovery .
The County , in cooperation with the incorporated Indian River County Comprehensive Natural and Technological Disaster
municipalities of Indian River County, will develop a Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
County-wide Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS ) , and March 1988 , Coastal Management
D will amend the comprehensive plan to include the Element , Policy 7 . 2 , pp . 98 .
°o appropriate mitigation initiatives identified in the
LMS , such as policies , programs , and projects to
reduce potential damage from natural disasters .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
By June 1 , 1998 , the County shall appoint a Local Indian River County Comprehensive Natural and Technological Disaster
Mitigation Strategy Working Group to develop a Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
Local Mitigation for Indian River County. This March 1988 , Coastal Management
working group will be comprised of representatives Element , Policy 7 . 3 , pp . 98 .
from public agencies , non - profit relief organizations
and private enterprises including , but not limited to :
Municipal and County public works officials ;
Municipal and County building officials ; Utilities
officials ( including Florida Power & Light) ; Law
Enforcement officials ; Property Appraisers ; County
Health officials ; Emergency Services personnel ;
Local Red Cross staff; Insurance agency
representatives ; and Local contractors .
The Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group will Indian River County Comprehensive Natural and Technological Disaster
be charged with making recommendations for Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
D short-term directives and long-term strategies that March 1988 , Coastal Management
C° will be initiated by the County contingent upon the Element , Policy 7 . 4 , pp . 98 .
occurrence of a natural disaster. Short-term
recovery issues to be evaluated by the Local
Mitigation Strategy Working Group include , but are
not limited to , the following : establishing a uniform
list of mitigation goals and objectives to address
hazard mitigation ; providing for coordination
between the County and the five municipalities ;
identifying sources and disbursement of State and
federal recovery funds ; establishing criteria for
emergency reconstruction permits ; establishing
licensing criteria for building inspectors and
contractors ; enacting a temporary moratorium for
re-zonings ; issuing temporary use permits ; and
providing temporary housing .
Table A . 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
Long -term redevelopment and mitigation strategies Indian River County Comprehensive Natural and Technological Disaster
to be evaluated by the working group shall include , Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
but are not limited to : performing a benefit-cost March 1988 , Coastal Management
analysis to identify beneficial hazard mitigation Element , Policy 7 .4 , pp . 99 .
techniques ; developing incentives and criteria for
economic recovery ; adopting more stringent
building codes ; pre-identifying potential post-
disaster mitigation projects ; and , relocating of
infrastructure .
Consistent with National Flood Insurance Program Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
( NFIP ) requirements , any structure predating 1989 Growth Management Plan ,
FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps ( FIRMs ) and March 1988 , Coastal Management
located within a flood hazard area that sustains Element , Policy 7 . 6 , pp . 99 .
"substantial damage" due to a natural disaster
D ( i . e . , repair costs that exceed 50 % more of the
building 's value ) shall be required to be elevated a
minimum of six (6 ) inches above the base flood
elevation ( BFE ) , as depicted on current FIRMs .
Consistent with NFIP requirements , any proposed Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
"substantial improvement" (i . e . , additions , Growth Management Plan ,
renovations , or modifications that exceed 50% or March 1988 , Coastal Management
more of the building 's value ) to a pre- FIRM Element , Policy 7 . 7 , pp . 99 .
structure located within a flood hazard area shall be
required to be elevated a minimum of six (6 ) inches
above the BFE , as depicted on current FIRMs . The
list contained in Annex IV of the CEMP will be used
o determine the total value o substantial
improvement , "
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
The County shall continue to regulate development Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
and manage natural resources within the Coastal Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
Zone by : Continuing to enforce LDR Chapter 932 - March 1988 , Coastal Management
Coastal Management , and LDR Chapter 402 - Element , Policy 7 . 8 , pp . 99 .
Coastal Construction Code ; Preserving flood
storage capacity in the 100 year floodplain , in
accordance with the policies listed under Objective
5 of the Stormwater Management Sub- Element;
Maintaining or reducing land use density
allowances in the CHHA in accordance with the
policies under Objective 17 of the Future Land Use
Element and Objective 11 of this element .
Through 2020 , the level of service ( LOS) for traffic Indian River County Comprehensive Flood Mitigation
circulation , recreational facilities , stormwater Growth Management Plan ,
management , and potable water and sewer service March 1988 , Coastal Management
D in the coastal zone of Indian River County will be Element , Objective 10 , pp . 102 .
consistent with the LOS standards set forth in the
concurrency section of the Capital Improvements
Element .
By 2003 , the County shall decommission all Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
remaining wastewater treatment package plants in Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
the Hurricane Vulnerability Zone . March 1988 , Coastal Management
Element , Policy 10 . 1 , pp . 102 .
Table A. 1 . ( Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
The County shall identify and assess all Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
infrastructure located within the CHHA to determine Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
its vulnerability. This vulnerability assessment will March 1988 , Coastal Management
based on data from FIRMs . The Arbiter of Storms Element , Policy 10 . 2 , pp . 102 .
(TAOS ) computer model , and the Sea , Lake , and
Overland Surges from Hurricanes ( SLOSH ) map .
Any decision to abandon or relocate infrastructure
outside the CHHA following a natural disaster will
be based on a benefit-cost analysis of vulnerable
infrastructure . This benefit-cost analysis will be
included in the Local Mitigation Strategy , once
completed .
The County shall not allow new underground Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
storage tanks or septic facilities to be located Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
D oceanward of the County's Dune Stabilization March 1988 , Coastal Management
N Setback Line DSSL . Element , Policy 10 . 5 , pp . 102 .
Through 2020 , there will be no increase in the Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
density of land use within the CHHA. Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
March 1988 , Coastal Management
Element , Objective 11 , pp . 102 .
Lands acquired by the County under its Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
Environmental Lands Program shall include Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
property located within the Hurricane Vulnerability March 1988 , Coastal Management
Zone ( HVZ) . This land shall be used for either Element , Policy 11 . 1 , pp . 103 .
natural resource conservation , passive recreation
or both .
Within the CHHA , e County will not make Indian River County Comprehensive rosion , Flood , and Hurricane
infrastructure improvements to accommodate Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
development more intense than allowed by the March 1988 , Coastal Management
comprehensive plan . Element , Policy 11 . 2 , pp . 103 .
Table A. 1 . (Continued ) .
Policy/Objective/Project Source Notes
The County shall utilize all applicable State and Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
Federal regulations , and the appropriate objectives Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
and policies of the Indian River County March 1988 , Coastal Management
Comprehensive Growth Management Plan , to limit Element , Policy 11 . 3 , pp . 103 .
public and private development in the CHHA.
The County shall utilize all applicable State and Indian River County Comprehensive Erosion , Flood , and Hurricane
Federal regulations , and the appropriate objectives Growth Management Plan , Mitigation
and policies of the Indian River County March 1988 , Coastal Management
Comprehensive Growth Management Plan , to limit Element , Policy 11 . 3 , pp . 103 .
public and private development in the CHHA .
BFE = base flood elevation .
CEMP = Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan .
CHHA = Coastal High Hazard Area .
CIP = Capital Improvement Plan .
D CRS = Community Rating System .
I
DHRS = Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services .
DSSL = Dune Stabilization Setback Line .
FDEP = Florida Department of Environmental Protection .
FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency.
FIRM = Flood Insurance Rate Map .
FPLOS = Flood Protection Level of Service
HRS = Health and Rehabilitative Services .
HVZ = Hurricane Vulnerability Zone .
LDR = Land Development Regulation .
LMS = Local Mitigation Strategy.
LOS = level of service .
Flood Insurance Pro ram .
SJRWMD = St . Johns River Water Management District .
SLOSH = Sea , Lake , and Overland Surges from Hurricanes .
TAOS = The Arbiter of Storms .
TCRPC = Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council .
Table A . 2 . Existing plans , reports , or studies .
Organization Title Date Issue Addressed
WOfficee E =: I
mergency Response Team Plan October 2001 Event Response
e Crisis Situations October 2001Terrorism , Civil Disturbance
ce Bomb Threat/Bomb Disposal November 2001 Terrorism
ce VIP Protection/Special Events November 2001 Terrorism
ce Disaster Plan October 2001 All - Hazards
Sheriff's Office Disaster Recall Plan October 2001 All- Hazards
Flood , Hurricane , Severe
Sheriff' s Office Severe Weather Plan October 2001 Thunderstorm , Lightning ,
Extreme Temperatures, , Tornado
D Sheriff' s Office Aircraft Accident Plan October 2001 Transportation System Accident
N
Sheriff's Office Civil Disturbance Response Plan October 2001 Civil Disturbance
Sheriff's Office Intercommunications for Mutual Aid May 1999 All- Hazards
Plan
Sheriff's Office Incident Command System Plan 2003 All- Hazards
Community Development East Indian River County Stormwater December 2002 Flood
Management Plan
Community Development Indian River County Wildfire Mitigation June 2001 Wildfire
Plan
Community Development Indian River County Comprehensive 2002 All- Hazards
Emergency Management Plan
Florida Scrub Wildfire
Community Development Jay Habitat Conservation Plan
March 20OG--
Indian River County Public East Indian River County Stormwater December 2002 Flooding , Erosion , Water Quality
Works Management Plan
Table A. 3 . Existing programs or activities .
Organization Title Date Hazard Addressed 7:=
American Red Cross Masters of Disaster Ongoing All- Hazard
American Red Cross Facing Fear Ongoing Terrorism
American Red Cross Community Disaster Education Ongoing All - Hazard
American Red Cross Disaster Resistant Neighborhoods Ongoing Hurricane , All- Hazard
American Red Cross Disaster Drills Ongoing Hurricane , Radiological
Accident
American Red Cross Shelter Evaluation Ongoing Hurricane
American Red Cross Volunteer Training Ongoing All- Hazard
American Red Cross Cardiopulmonary resuscitation & Ongoing All - Hazard
First Aid Training
American Red Cross Business Disaster Planning Ongoing All- Hazard
Training
y Hurricane Preparedness and
American Red Cross Miti ation Fliers Ongoing Hurricane
Community Development Abandoned artesian well plugging Ongoing Flood , Welifield Protection
program
Community Development Environmental Lands Program Ongoing Flood
Community Development National Flood Insurance Program Ongoing Flood
Community Rating System
Community Development Maintenance of drainage canals Ongoing Flood
and ditches
Community Development Annual letter to flood insurance Yearly Flood
providers
BellSouth Yellow Pages — Phone
Book Hurricanerricane
Preparedness/ Flood
Information Pages
Community Development Beach renourishment Be an 2003 Flood , Erosion
IRC Public Works Stormwater Awareness Brochures November 2003 Flood , Water Quality
IRC Public Works NPDES Stormwater Phase 11 Permit June 2003 Erosion , Water Quality
Table A. 3 . (Continued ) .
Date Hazard Addressed
Organization Title
East Gifford Stormwater January 2004 Flooding , Water Quality
IRC Public Works Improvement Pro' ect
East Gifford Middle School Science December 2003 Flooding
IRC Public Works De artment Ado t-A-Pond
Main Relief Canal Pollution Control Floating Debris , Water
IRC Public Works January 2004 Qualit
Structure — Prelimina En ineerin Floating Debris , Water
South Relief Canal Pollution Control January 2004 Quality
IRC Public Works Structure — Preliminary Engineering
Egret Marsh Regional Stormwater Water Quality
IRC Public Works Park — Preliminary Engineering January 2004 y
Report
East Roseland Stormwater Ongoing Flooding , Water Quality
IRC Public Works Improvement Pro' ect
St . Johns River Water Expected completion Flooding
y Mana ement District
Sebastian Stormwater Park December 2004
►v St . Johns River Water Sebastian River Water Control Expected completion Flooding
°' Management District District Radial Gate Re lacement December 2004
St . Johns River Water Fellsmere Water Management Area Expected completion Flooding
Mana ement District — increased stormwater stora a Mqv 2006
St . Johns River WaterExpected completion Flooding
Mana ement District Banjo Groves Restoration September 2006
St . Johns River Water Kenansville Lake Drainage Expected completion Flooding
Mana ement District Im rovements December 2004
IRC = Indian River County .
NPDES - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System .
Table A. 4 . Disaster event damage descriptions .
Event Date Organization Damage Description
September American Red Opened 7 shelters , Provided
Hurricane Floyd 999 Cross 2 , 000 meals
December American Red Sheltered 38 families , Provided
Tornado 2002 Cross services to 3 families
Indian River
Erosion Ongoing County Public Degradation of national estuary
Works
err►
A-27
APPENDIX B
MITIGATION OPTIONS
B- 1
Table B . 1 . Potential hazard mitigation measures .
Potential mitigation initiatives are presented by hazard type . Specific references are given
by number for each mitigation initiative listed . Table B . 2 presents an annotated
bibliography of data sources for all mitigation initiatives in the previous sections . This
bibliography identifies , describes , and where possible , cross references data sources with
funding sources for the proposed mitigation measures .
Natural Hazards
Hurricane.
Encourage neighborhood preservation/ revitalization for flood and wind d amage
retrofitting (50 )
Provide information to contractors and homeowners on the risks of build ng in
hazard - prone areas (50 )
Develop a list of techniques for homeowner self-inspection and implementation of
mitigation activities ( 50 )
Implement dune restoration programs ( 50 )
Acquire shorefront land for open space ( 50 )
Develop a beach management plan (30)
Assess the need for beach nourishment projects (30 )
Develop maintenance program to clear debris from bridges (30 )
Develop a drainage system management and maintenance program (3 0 )
Develop a floodplain management plan (30 )
Construct shelters in mobile home parks (30)
Require that new development be oriented to convey wind and water (3 )
Identify vulnerable properties for relocation programs ( 30 )
Encourage the construction of safe rooms in new construction (30 )
Require tie-downs for propane tanks and mobile homes (30 )
Install resilient street signs for navigation (30 )
Develop a comprehensive sheltering system with funding provided fort a acquisition
and construction of shelters ( 50 )
Identify " refuges of last resort" for those unable to reach shelters ( 50 )
Implement a Tree Hazard Management Program to encourage responsible planting
practices and minimize future storm damage to buildings , utilities , and streets (2 )
Encourage building inspection by a hazard mitigation professional ( 2 , 1EC )
Practice a tree trimming maintenance program ( 50 )
Re- landscape with native species ( 50 )
Distribute hurricane preparedness information including pet sheltering tans (9 )
Encourage the purchase of flood insurance ( 9 )
Enforce building codes (29 )
Award insurance premium credits (29)
Retrofit:
Wet floodproofing (allowing water to enter uninhabited areas of the house) (35)
Dry floodproofing (sealing the structure to prevent floodwaters from entering ) ( 35 )
- Install backflow valves on sewer systems ( 50 )
Venting on roofs (3 )
Garage doors with stiffer horizontal members (3 , 24 )
Glider tracks and track supports should be strengthened ( 3 , 24 )
- In- place shutters (3 , 9 , 15 , 24 )
Hurricane straps and hurricane clips 15
B-2
Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Reinforcement of concrete block wall ; concrete tie-columns at all corners (3 )
Bracing with struts or pilaster columns in walls perpendicular to freestanding walls
Elevation of structures by piers , posts , and columns , and pilings (3 )
Adequate connection or anchoring of each element to the adjacent element (3 )
Add shutters for glazed openings (3 , 24 )
Renail sheathing (3 )
Create a secondary water barrier (35)
Provide support for sliding glass doors and double doors opening to he outside
(3 , 24 )
Improve anchorage of windows to openings (3 )
Add ridge ventilators to reduce uplift of wood sheathing (3 )
Strengthen garage doors and particularly double-wide garage doors (3 , 24)
Anchor adjacent structures , including privacy fences , pool enclosures , and patio
roofs ( 3 )
Improve connections of porch roofs and overhangs ( 3)
Reinforce entry doors (3 , 34 )
• Modify building codes :
Hip roofs instead of gable (3 , 24 , 34)
Metal panels that simulate tile instead of tile roofs (3 )
Consistent mortar pad placement (3 )
Full 10-inch mason ' s trowel of mortar on tile roofs (3 )
4 to 6 inch nail spacing on sheathing panel (3 , 34 )
Venting on roofs (3 , 34)
Garage doors with stiffer horizontal members (3 , 34 )
Multiple panel sliding glass doors and windows should be avoided ( )
Individual panel width should be no more than 3 feet ( 3 )
Total window and door openings should be no more than 31 % of a all ' s total area
Shatter- resistant transparent material ( 3 , 34 )
Improved adherence to adequate attachment procedures (3 )
Hurricane straps and hurricane clips (3 , 34 )
Reinforcement of concrete block walls ; concrete tie-columns at all corners (3 )
Bracing with struts or pilaster columns in walls perpendicular to freestanding walls
Walls sufficiently anchored in the foundation or story below (3 )
Adequate connection or anchoring of each element to the adjacent element ( 3 )
Require hurricane shelters on multi- unit housing (50 )
Construction products examined by independent laboratories under the guidance of
the county compliance office (34)
Contractors must install high-quality shutters or strong " impact" glass , like that
found in car windshields in each new single family home ( 34 )
Flood.
Acquire floodprone homes (30)
Maintenance program to clear debris from bridges ( 30)
Develop a floodplain management plan (30 )
. Encoura a the use of roadside grassy swales (30
B-3
Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Limit impervious surfaces by encouraging the use of porous pavement ( 0 )
Require new development to be oriented to convey floodwaters ( 30 )
Include retention ponds in new developments ( 30 )
• Require setback from waterways for new construction or major renovation (30 )
Require tie -downs for propane tanks and mobile homes (30 )
Encourage neighborhood preservation/revitalization for floodproofing techniques (50 )
Elevate structures above the 100-year flood level (35 , 50 )
Maintenance program to clear debris from stormwater drainage areas ( 0 )
Provide information to contractors and homeowners on the risks of building in
hazard - prone areas and mitigation ( 50 )
• Provide the public with Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA) floodplain
maps (50 )
Develop a list of techniques for homeowner self- inspection and implementation of
mitigation activities (50 )
Install backflow valves in sewer systems ( 50 )
Incorporate a " hazard disclosure " requirement for deed transfers , leaseS , or other
contracts for sale or exchange of property in flood hazard areas ( 50 )
Improve storm drainage areas ( 50 )
Develop sediment control to prevent clogged drainage systems such as street
sweeping , curb and gutter cleaning , paving dirt roads , and planting vegetation on bare
ground ( 1 , 40 , 45 )
Investigate the use of flood prone areas as open space (29 , 409 42 , 46 , 47 , 50 )
Retrofit critical facilities (50 )
. Purchase flood insurance (7 , 15 )
Know evacuation routes (7 )
After a flood , inspect foundations of buildings for cracks and other dam ge (7 )
Make sure buildings are not in danger of collapsing after a flood (7 )
Encourage building inspection by a hazard mitigation professional (2 , 1 )
Regulate development in the floodplain (40 , 46 )
Enforce building codes (29 )
Insurance premium credits (29 )
Retrofit :
Elevate the lowest floor above the 100-year flood level (35 )
- Wet floodproofing (allowing water to enter uninhabited areas of the tructure ) ( 35 )
Dry floodproofing (sealing the structure to prevent flood waters frorr entering ) (35 )
- Levees and floodwalls ( constructing a barrier around the structure to keep out flood
waters ) ( 35)
Demolition (tearing down the structure and rebuilding with appropriE to floodproof
techniques or relocating the structure ) (7 )
Elevate the main breaker or fuse box ( 15 )
Severe Thunderstorms and Lightning.
Clear dead or rotting trees and branches ( 12 )
Public information on when to turn off gas , electricity, and water; how to develop an
emergency communication plan ; and actions to take during a severe thunderstorm
such as avoiding bathtubs , water faucets , and sinks ( 12)
• Develop a stormwater drainage management and maintenance plan (3 )
Construct shelters in mobile home parks 31 )
B-4
,`r Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
• Secure outdoor objects that could become projectiles ( 12 )
Install lightning rods ( 12 )
Encourage purchase of flood insurance ( 12 )
Wildland Fire.
Acquire land susceptible to fire for conversion to open space (44 , 48 , 50
BEHAVE ( Fire Behavior Prediction and Fuel Modeling System ) ( 32 )
METAFIRE ( National information system that transmits daily severity index values for
every climate division in the country) (32 )
Create fire breaks ( 30 )
Conduct prescribed burns to limit fuel load (30 )
Require larger sideyards to allow access to backyards (30 )
Encourage landscaping with fire- resistant or slow burning vegetation ( 3 0 )
Move shrubs and other landscaping away from the sides of the structur ( 16 )
Clean brush and dead grass from the property ( 13 , 16 )
Public information on safe fire practices ( build away from nearby trees oe bushes , fire
extinguisher availability) ( 13 , 30 )
Building code modification
- Fire- resistant materials when renovating , building , and retrofitting ( 1 , 30 )
Create a safety zone between the structure and combustible plants and vegetation
(stone walls , swimming pools ) ( 13 )
Install power lines underground ( 13 )
- Install tile , fire- retardant shingles , asphalt , fiberglass , concrete tile , o metal on the
roof (4 , 13 , 16 )
Plant trees in clusters so that there are gaps in the tree branch canopies
overhead
- Use alternatives to wood and other combustible materials such as b ick , stone , or
metal when building walls (4 )
- Adequate water supply ( 30 )
Access for fire trucks (a turnaround ) ( 30 )
Prescribed burns (21 , 22 , 23 , 43 )
Keep trees trimmed so there is no contact with power lines or other wir s ( 16 )
Cut back tree limbs that overhang the structure (4 )
Remove combustible debris from around the structure (4 )
Adopt the wildland /urban interface building code (30 )
Development of ongoing fire safety education programs (21 )
Identification of businesses located within rural areas that contain flammable
substances (21 )
Enhancement of intergovernmental relationships and coordinated actio (21 )
Development of a local component of the Wildfire Response Plan (21 )
Formation of volunteer rural fire protection districts (21 )
Firesafe considerations for site improvement and building construction that may
include , but may not be limited to , the following (21 ) :
Assure that all water mains within the development be of proper sizei , looped or
griddled with no dead -end , or low flow areas
Avoid dead -ended cul -de-sacs
Assure hydrants at cul-de-sacs to be on a loop or griddled to eliminate loss of water
flow due to high usage of the system during wildland fires
B-5
Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
- Design swimming pools so that fire trucks can reach them for pumpir g water on
fires
Develop written provisions that afford access to subdivision water sy tems for
firefighting services
Assure the provision of alternative access roads
Identify and provide proper signage for access points where fire trucks can drive
within 16 feet of creeks , rivers , lakes , or ponds to fill pumpers
Provide underground wiring for electric power supply
Assure a minimum 30-foot non-combustible areas around housing units
Provide a firebreak around all structures and around subdivision
Include firesafe construction performance standards such as the use of
fire-resistant materials for roofs and building exteriors
Tornadoes.
Telephone warning system (31 )
Community warning sirens (31 )
Construct shelters in mobile home parks (31 )
Require tie-downs for propane tanks and mobile homes ( 31 )
Install resilient street signs for navigation (31 )
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) weather radio tone alerts
(31 )
Underground shelter actions to be taken during hurricanes and tornadoes need better
distinction , especially among elderly residents (31 )
.r Retrofit structures to include reinforced "safe room " ( 14)
Modify building codes :
Include an interior reinforced " safe room " in all new structures ( 14 )
Shingles around the edges of the roof should be set into a special mastic (28 )
Roof sheathing : the plywood or particle board should be nailed securely to the
rafters ; nails should be 6 inches on center at the edges , and 12 inches on center
elsewhere (28 )
Extreme Temperatures.
Install window air conditioners snugly ( 6 )
Install temporary reflectors , such as aluminum foil covered cardboard tc reflect any
heat back outside (6 )
Consider keeping storm shutters up all year (6 )
Conserve electricity (6 )
Public information on heat- related disease prevention (drink plenty of Miter, avoid
strenuous outdoor activities ) (6 )
Soil/Beach Erosion .
Sand management (38 )
Relocation of threatened facilities (38 )
Threatened real estate may be set aside as open space (38 )
Vegetation replenishment program (36 , 38 )
Develop a beach management plan ( 30 )
Require dune protection and shoreline setbacks for new construction and major
renovations 30
B-6
Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
• Cooperative approach (vs . individual i . e . , one property will have a seawall , another a
groin , etc . ) ( 37 )
Agricultural Pest and Disease .
• Prompt removal of citrus trees infected by citrus canker ( 18 )
• Prompt removal of tomato plants infected with tomato yellow leaf curl virus ( 19 )
• Eliminate breeding spots of insects ( 33 )
• Patch screens and other places where pests enter greenhouses (33 )
Drought.
Create cooperative Federal/non - Federal drought contingency plans for rapid
implementation during water shortages ( 27 )
• Develop an early warning system ( 27 )
Evaluate the current use of ground water (27 , 46 )
• Establish new data collection networks (27 )
• Study public willingness to pay more for more reliable water supplies (2 7 )
• Study effectiveness of conservation measures (27 , 46 )
Monitor vulnerable public water supplies (27 )
• Pass legislation to protect and manage ground water ( 27 )
• Provide funds for water recycling projects (27 )
• Organize drought information meetings for the public and media (27)
• Implement water conservation awareness programs (27 )
• Assist water agencies in developing contingency plans (27)
err . Establish stronger economic incentives for private investment in water conservation
(27 )
• Implement water metering and leak detection programs (27 )
Adopt an emergency water allocation strategy to be implemented durinc severe
drought (27 )
• Evaluate worst-case drought scenarios for possible further actions (27 )
Seismic Hazards.
• No mitigation activities have been listed as this is not a significant hazard to Martin
County
Epidemic.
• Anthrax vaccine is available ( 17 )
Rodent control ( 25 )
• Mosquito control (25)
• Regular maintenance of cooling and plumbing systems (25 )
• Wellfield protection and water purification maintenance (25)
• Adequate sanitation control measures (25 )
• Proper food processing (25 )
• Regulate widespread use of antibiotics (25 )
B-7
Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
*OW
Technological Hazards
Nuclear Disaster.
Prepare a community accident response plan ( 10 )
Install community sirens ( 10 )
Install a telephone warning system ( 10 )
Distribute tone alert radios ( 10 )
Conduct public information meetings ( 10 )
Disseminate emergency information throughout the community ( in - placE sheltering )
( 10 )
Power Failure.
• Voluntary conservation public information ( bill inserts ) (22 )
Electrical Emergency Contingency Plan (22 )
Hazardous Materials Accident.
• Public information on detecting a spill/release (8 )
• Public information on response/evacuation plans (8 )
• Install a telephone warning system (8 )
• Install community sirens ( 8 )
• Retrofit seal gaps and air-conditioning systems (8 )
Transportation System Accident.
✓ Develop accident contingency plans (49 )
• Response training (49 )
Wellfield Contamination .
• Have water tested by EPA (26 )
Maintain isolation distances from potential contamination sources (26 )
Inventory potential sources of contamination (26 )
Develop water supply contingency strategy (5 )
Reward landowners who do not conduct activities that could contamina a the water
supply by easing their taxes (5 )
Investigate growth management programs to ensure that wellfield protection programs
are in place before development occurs ( 5 )
Communications Failure.
• No mitigation activities have been listed as this is not a significant haza d to Martin
County
Societal Hazards
Terrorism and Sabotage.
• Encourage public education programs on terrorism including informatioi on potential
targets , visible targets , etc. ( 11 )
Drills for people who work in large buildings including knowing where fie exits are
located , keeping fire extinguishers in working order , learning first aid ( 1 1 )
`
Develop a bomb threat plan ( 11 )
B-8
Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
• Develop an explosion plan for building (cover nose and mouth with a wet cloth , stay
below smoke , exit building as quickly as possible , tap on a pipe if trapped so rescuers
know where to look) ( 11 )
Civil Disturbance.
No mitigation activities have been listed as this is not a significant hazard to Martin
County
Immigration Crisis.
• No mitigation activities have been listed as this is not a significant hazard to Martin
County
All Hazards
Map vulnerable areas and distribute information about the hazard mitigation strategy
and projects (50 )
Provide information to contractors and homeowners on the risks of building in hazard -
prone areas (50 )
• Develop a list of techniques for homeowner self-inspection and implementation of
mitigation activities (50 )
• Organize and conduct professional training opportunities regarding natural hazards and
hazard mitigation (50 )
• Distribute NOAA weather radios (school superintendents , etc . ) (50 }
1%W . Sound land use planning based on known hazards (50 )
Enforcing effective building codes and local ordinances ( 30 , 50 )
Increasing public awareness of community hazards ( 50 )
Provide sites that are as free as possible from risk to natural hazards fo commercial
and industrial activities (30 , 50 )
Consider conservation of open space by acquisition of repetitive loss st ctures (30 , 50 )
Ensure a balance among residential growth and conservation of enviror mental
resources through a detailed analysis of the risks and vulnerability tonatural hazards
(30 , 50)
Joint planning and sharing of resources across regions , communities , aid states
(30 , 50 )
Establish a hazard mitigation council (50 )
For future proposed development design guidelines , incorporate hazard mitigation
provisions , including improved maps ( 30 , 50 )
Add a "safe room " requirement for all new buildings ( 15 , 24 )
Establish incentives to encourage business owners and homeowners tc retrofit
buildings with hazard - resistant features ( 29 )
Teach disaster and hazard awareness in schools 29 )
1%W
B-9
Table 13 . 2 . Annotated bibliography for mitigation measure data sources .
# Reference Description Funding Source
St. Johns River Water Management District. 'The Indian Describes the detrimental effects that uncontrolled
1 River Lagoon's problems are as common as dirt." Indian sediment can have on local waterways and drainage
River Lagoon Update . Winter 1998 . areas; also presents potential mitigation projects to
control sediment.
Florida Department of
Community Affairs , Florida
Department of Environmental
Alachua County Office of Emergency Management. Protection , Florida Department
2 " Hazard mitigation page " Defines mitigation and provides examples of community- of Health , Florida Department of
http ://www.co . alachua .fl . us/~acem/mitigati . htm wide and individual mitigation practices. Agriculture , Federal Emergency
(26 Jun 1998 ) Management Agency (FEMA) ,
U . S . Department of Energy, U . S .
Department of Housing and
Urban Development .
03 Ayscue , J . Natural Hazards Research Center. Hurricane Describes potential hurricane hazards from wind and
0 3 damage to residential structures : risk and mitigation . water; discusses building techniques that can mitigate
( Nov 1996 )
hftp ://www. colorado .edu/hazards/wp/wp94/wp94 . html#intro hurricane damage .
Boulder County. 'Wildfire hazard identification and Contains a summary of the Wildfire Hazard Identification
4 mitigation system for Boulder County, Colorado ." and Mitigation System project , detailed maps from the Multiple local , State
, and Federal
http://won system
for Boulder
County,ms .html of Jan 1999 ) project, and mitigation suggestions to protect structures government inter-agencies .
from wildfire .
Browning , C . "Community wellhead protection programs :' Describes each element of a community wellfield
5 http ://hermes .ecn . purdue .edu/water_quality/documents/oef protection program .
-890 .ok . ascii ( 13 Nov 1998)
Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Fact sheet: Mitigation measures related to extreme heat; most are
6 extreme heat ." ( 15 Jan 1998 ) individual actions .
http ://www.fema .gov/library/heatf. htm (2 Dec 1998 )
Describes activities that may prevent a tlood emergency ,
Federal Emergency Management Agency. " Fact sheet: reduce the chance of a flood emergency happening , or
7 floods and flash floods ." ( 13 Jan 1998) lessen the effects of unavoidable emergencies .
http ://www.fema .gov/library/floodf.htm (2 Dec 1998 ) Activities are categorized as before , during , and after a
flood event.
Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
# Reference Description Funding Source
Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Fact sheet: Contains information on preparing for and detecting a
8 hazardous materials accidents ." (10 Jan 1998 ) hazardous material accident.
http ://www.fema .gov/library/hazmatf. htm (2 Dec 1998)
Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Fact sheet: Describes measures to be taken before , during , and
9 hurricanes ." ( 14 Jan 1998)
http ://www.fema .gov/library/hurricaf. htm (2 Dec 1998 ) after a hurricane to prevent loss of life and property .
Federal Emergency Management Agency. " Fact sheet: Explains the nature of a nuclear disaster and describes
10 nuclear power plant emergency. (27 Feb 1997)
http ://www.fema .gov/library/radiolo . htm (2 Dec 1998 ) related mitigation measures .
Federal Emergency Management Agency. " Fact sheet:
11 terrorism . " ( 10 Jan 1998 ) Mitigation measures related to various terrorist attacks .
http ://www.fema .gov/library/terrorf. htm (2 Dec 1998 )
Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Fact sheet:
12 thunderstorms and lightning ." (30 Jan 1998 ) Contains mitigation measures relating to thunderstorms
http://www.fema .gov/library/thunderf. htm (2 Dec 1998) and lightning .
W Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Fact sheet:
13 wildland fires ." ( 10 Jan 1998) Mitigation practices for before , during , and after a
http ://www.fema .gov/library/wildianf. htm (2 Dec 1998 ) wildland fire event.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Taking shelter Contains two sections : one is a description of hazards
14 from the storm : building a safe room in your house ." that may threaten a structure , and the second is how to
http ://www.fema .gov/mit/tsfs0l . htm (25 Nov 1998 ) plan and construct a "safe room ."
Federal Emergency Management Agency. "What can
15 homeowners do to reduce their risk from disasters?" Low-cost mitigation measures related to floods , seismic
(24 Aug 1996 ) http ://www.fema .gov/mit/lowcost. htm events , wind events , and wildfire .
Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Wildfire - Examples of how to create a "Safety Zone" around a
16 wildland/urban interface ." ( 17 Oct 1996 ) home or business .
http ://www.fema .gov/mit/wfmit. htm (30 Oct 1998 )
Findlay , S . USA Today. "Clinton sees little anthrax threat
17 ice foundon m e erne saes a an anthrax
http ://home .eznet. net/- kenberry/materials/usatodayarticle. h vaccine is available .
tm ( 12 Aug 1998)
Table 13 . 1 . (Continued ) .
# Reference Description Funding Source
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services .
18 "Citrus canker - the threat to Florida agriculture - Frequently Identifies citrus canker and the procedure to eradicate
Asked Questions ." http ://doacs .state .fl . us/canker/fags . htm the disease .
(4 Nov 1998)
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services .
19 "The latest on Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus ." Describes symptoms of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus
(26 Aug 1997 ) and methods of eradication .
http ://www. ifas . ufl .edu/~entweb/updatetyl . htm (3 Nov 1998)
Florida Department of Emergency Management. "Review
of efforts to optimize management and production of timber
20 on State lands and review of the prescribed burning policy Reviews the benefits and drawbacks of prescribed Federal Rural
Community Fire
of the Division of Forestry." (Oct 1998 ) burning . Protection Program
hftp ://www. state .fl . us/comaff/DEM/gwfrmrc/gwrmrc . htm
(21 Dec 1998 )
Florida Department of Community Affairs , Bureau of
21 Recovery and Mitigation . Wildfire Mitigation Suggestions . Wildfire Mitigation Suggestions (website no longer
W Retrieved 10 October 1998 from the World Wide Web : active) .
N http ://www. dca . state .fl . us/brm/
Florida Reliability Coordinating Council . "Generating Plan for when generating capacity is tight, also
22 Capacity Shortage Plan ."
http ://www.frcc .com/capacityemergencyplan . htm .#gca suggestions for voluntary conservation .
Hickenlooper, B . "Fire damaged lands begin to heal ." Prescribed burning is used to control wildfire outbreaks
23 on St. Johns River Water Management District land , and
Stream Lines . Winter 1998 , p .4 this article describes its many benefits .
Manatee County Emergency Management. " Hazard
24 mitigation ." Hurricane mitigation suggestions .
http ://www. co . manatee .fl . us/em—htmi/haz—mit. htm
(20 Nov 1998)
McNeill , W . " Emerging infectious diseases plan ." ( 1976) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Strategic
htm (11 Nov 1 .gov/ncidod/publications/eid_plan/summary. prevention activities to maintain a strong defense
.[-25-
htm ( 11 Nov 1998 ) against infectious diseases .
Table 13 . 1 . ( Continued ) .
# Reference Description Funding Source
Minnesota Dept. of Health . "Wellhead protection for
26 Minnesota ." (23 Sep 1998) Wellfield protection plans .
http://www. health . state . mn .us/divs/eh/whp_mn2 . htmi
( 13 Nov 1998)
National Drought Mitigation Center. "Drought mitigation Drought mitigation tools for governments based on two
27 tools for states ." ( 15 Nov 1995) surveys of states .
http ://enso . unl . edu/ndmc/mitigate/policy/tools . htm
National Science Foundation . "Tornadoes - protecting your
28 home from the mighty twister." Suggestions for protecting your home against a tornado .
http ://whyfiles . news .wisc . edu/013tornado/strong_house . ht
ml (4 Feb 1999)
Explains how Illinois , Missouri , and Iowa purchasedFEMA, Community Development
lands from homeowners whose homes were repetitive Block Grant, State government,
Nelson . L . 1997 . Emergency management - a legislator's damage structures ; describes how building code State government competitive
29 guide. National Conference of State Legislatures , Denver, enforcement prevented damage from wildfires , floods , grant money from
the
CO . 47 pp . and earthquakes; explains how insurance premium Emergency Management and
0o credits work; mentions the development of a
w
wildiand/urban interface building code , etc . Assistance Trust Fund .
North Carolina Division of Emergency Management. "Tools
30 and Techniques : An Encyclopedia of Strategies to Mitigate Comprehensive source of mitigation actions for all
the Impacts of Natural Hazards ." (23 Dec. 2003) hazards.
http://www. ncem .org/mitigation/Library/Encyclopedia2 . pdf
Schmidlin , T . , et al . Natural Hazards Research Center.
"Risk factors for death in the 22-23 February 1998 Florida Draws conclusions toward tornado mitigation from
31 tornadoes " ( 1998 ) surveys , interviews , and damage reports from the 22-23
http ://www. colorado .edu/hazards/qr/grl06/gr106 . html February 1998 Florida tornadoes .
(7 Aug 1998)
Subcommittee on Natural Disaster Reduction . "Agency
32 success stories in natural disaster reduction ." Briefly describes the BEHAVE and METAFIRE
18 Oct 1995 http ://www. uscis .ciov/sndr/success . htmiprediction/modeling systems .
(30 Dec 1998 )
The National Food Safety Database . "Controlling insects ." Suggestions for insect control , and insect control after a
33 (June 1993 ) http ://www.foodsafety.org/dh/dho45 . htm natural disaster.
( 14 Dec 1998)
Table B . 1 . ( Continued ) .
# Reference Description Funding Source
Tibbetts , J . Sea Grant Haznet. " Racing to catch up : south
34 Florida 's hurricane threat and building codes ." Reveals the changes made in south Florida's building
(6 Aug 1998 ) http ://www . haznet .org/texUsflhurricane . htmi codes since Hurricane Andrew.
(9 Nov 1998 )
Provides examples and photographs of projects
35 United States Army Corps of Engineers . "Local financed by local governments and also identifies
floodproofing programs ." June 1994 , 28 pp. lessons learned that can help communities interested in
financing floodproofing projects .
United States Army Corps of Engineers . "New planting . " Explains how vegetation can be used as an erosion
36 http ://superior. Ire . usace. army. mil/shore. protection/nwpintng control device .
. html (4 Nov 1998 )
United States Army Corps of Engineers . "Planning
37 considerations." Cooperative measures against beach erosion are
http ://superior. ire . usace .army . mil/shore . protection/pincns . ht detailed .
ml (4 Nov 1998)
03 United States Army Corps of Engineers . "Solutions to
38 coastal erosion ." Examples of general solutions, hard solutions , soft
hftp ://www. rain .org/— pjenkin/point/growing/solution . htmi solutions , and retreat as coastal erosion mitigation .
(4 Nov 1998 )
United States Department of Agriculture . "USDA Explains the Conservation Plant Material Center Conservation Plant Materials
39 conservation programs - conservation plant material ." Program's purpose as providing native plants that can Center Program
http ://www. nres . usda .gov/NRCSProg . html (2 Feb 1999) help solve natural resource problems such as erosion .
United States Department of Agriculture . "USDA
40 conservation programs - resource conservation and Describes the RC& D Program . Resource Conservation and
development program ( RC&D) ." Development Program
http ://www. nres . usda .gov/NRCSProg . htmi (2 Feb 1999 )
United States Department of Agriculture . " USDA The Conservation Reserve Program encourages
41 conservation programs - conservation reserve program ." farmers to convert highly erodible land to vegetative Conservation Reserve
Program
http ://www. nres . usda .gov/NRCSProg . html (2 Feb 1999 ) cover.
42 United States Department of Agriculture . "USDA Describes the Flood Risk Reduction program , who is
conservation programs - flood risk reduction program ." eligible , and what the requirements of the program are . Flood Risk
Reduction Program
http ://www. nres . usda .gov/NRCSProg . html (2 Feb 1999)
Table 13 . 1 . (Continued ) .
# Reference Description Funding Source
United States Department of Agriculture . " USDA Explains the Forestry Incentives Program . It supports
43 conservation programs - forestry incentives program ." good forest management practices on privately owned Forestry Incentives Program
http ://www. nres . usda .gov/NRCSProg . htmi (2 Feb 1999) non-industrial forest lands nationwide .
United States Department of Agriculture . USDA Qualifications to participate in the program and benefits
44 conservation programs - stewardship incentives program ." Stewardship Incentives Program
provided .
http ://www. nres . usda .gov/NRCSProg . html (2 Feb 1999)
United States Department of Agriculture . "USDA
conservation programs - watershed and river basin Watershed and River Basin
45 planning and installation Public Law 83-566 ( PL566) ." Lists the purposes of watershed projects and describes Planning
and Installation Public
(26 Oct 1998 ) the program . Law 83-566 .
hftp ://www.ftw. nrcs . usda .gov/pl566/WHIP . html
(2 Feb 1999 )
United States Department of Agriculture . " USDA Overview of the Watershed Surveys and Planning Watershed Surveys and
46 conservation programs - watershed surveys and planning ." Program . Planning Program .
http ://www. nres . usda .gov/NRCSProg . html (2 Feb 1999 )
United States Department of Agriculture . USDA
s 47 conservation programs - wetlands reserve program " Overview of this voluntary program to restore wetlands . Wetlands Reserve Program
w http ://www . nres . usda .gov/NRCSProg . html (2 Feb 1999)
United States Department of Agriculture . "USDA
conservation programs - wildlife habitat incentives program Description of the WHIP program ; benefits , and Wildlife Habitat Incentives
48 (WHIP ) ." (8 Oct 1997 ) requirements . Program
http ://www.ftw. nrcs . usda .gov/pl566/WHIP . html
(2 Feb 1999 )
United States Environmental Protection Agency . U . S . Environmental Protection Agency oil spill
49 Preparing for spills . ' (7 Oct 1998)
http://www .epa .gov/oilspill/prepare . htm (3 Nov 1998 ) preparedness program highlights.
Section 1 explains why communities are writing hazard
Watson , L . et al . 1998 . Strategy for reducing risks from
natural hazards in Pawtucket, Rhode Island : A multi-hazard mitigation strategies and describes the hazard
50 assessment that was completed by city officials .
Narragansett, RI . 44 pp . Section uses a riskassessmentfrom Section
I to
determine potential mitigation actions for high risk areas .
"tow
APPENDIX C
FUNDING SOURCES
**AW
C- 1
t
Table C . 1 . Description of potential funding sources .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Supports charitable organizations active in the fields of Support is restricted almost entirely to cities Anheuser-Busch Companies
, Inc .
Anheuser-Busch education , health care , programs for minorities and youth , where the company has manufacturing One Busch Place
Companies , Inc. cultural enrichment, and environmental protection . facilities . St. Louis , MO 63118
314 577-2000
Antiterrorism and To provide assistance programs for victims of mass Public and private nonprofit victim assistance Department
of Justice
Emergency violence and terrorism occurring within and outside the agencies . Office for Victims of Crimes
United States , and a compensation program for victims of www. usdoj .gov
Assistance Program international terrorism .
To provide direct assistance , on a competitive basis , to fire Eligible applicants for this grant program are Department
of Homeland Security
departments of a State or tribal nation for the purpose of limited to fire departments located in the fifty 245 Murray
Drive
Assistance to protecting the health and safety of the public and United States , tribal nations , the District of S .W .
Washington , DC 20528
Firefighter Grants firefighting personnel against fire and fire-related hazards . Columbia , Puerto Rico , the U . S. Virgin Islands ,
(202 ) 282-8000
Guam , American Samoa , or the http ://www. dhs .gov
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
n Islands .
N To equip a workforce of healthcare professionals to Applicant Eligibility: Continuing Education and The Bioterrorism Training
and Curriculum
address emergency preparedness and response issues . Curriculum Development: Entities eligible to Development Program is administered
by
The goals of this program are the development of a apply for this program are public or private Lynn Rothberg Wegman
healthcare workforce that possesses the knowledge , skills , nonprofit accredited or licensed health Division of State ,
and abilities to 1 ) recognize indications of a terrorist event professions schools , multi-State or Community and Public
Health
in their patients ; 2) treat their patients and their multi-institutional consortia of such schools , Bureau of Health
Professions
communities in a safe and appropriate manner; 3) and other appropriate educational entities such Health Resources and
Services
participate in a coordinated , multidisciplinary response to as professional organizations and societies , Administration ( HRSA)
terrorist events; and 4) rapidly and effectively alert the and other nonprofit institutions or entities Room 9- 105
Bioterrorism Training public health system of such an event at the community , including faith-based organizations and Parklawn Building
,
and Curriculum State , and national level . Effective responses to public community-based organizations . 5600 Fishers Lane
Development Grant health emergencies require close collaboration between all Rockville , Maryland 20857
types of health professionals involved in patient care Beneficiary Eligibility: The public or private (301 ) 443- 1648
including healthcare providers , medical specialists , the nonprofit accredited or licensed health
public health infrastructure , and all participants in the professions schools , multi-State or Grants Management Contact
: Director,
emergency response . To achieve such a collaborative multi-institutions or entities including Division of Grants Management
environment, it will be necessary to implement new models faith-based organizations and Operations
of undergraduate/graduate curricula and continuing community-based organizations . HRSA
education and training for health professionals that broaden 5600 Fishers Lane , Room 11 -03
public health knowledge and ensure that essential Rockville , Maryland 20857
multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaborative
responses to emerqencies will occur. Bioterrorism Training
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
_T
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
and Curriculum Development Program will consist of two
discrete foci of activity: 1 ) Provision of Continuing
Education for Practicing Providers , and 2 ) Curricular
Development in Health Professions Schools . Each of the
categories above must have a distinct and separate
application .
Capitalization Grants State may use Federal funds to establish new programs States and Puerto Rico are eligible to receive James
Bounne , Implementation and
for Drinking Water that emphasize preventing contamination problems through capitalization grants . Assistance Division ,
Office of
source water protection and enhanced water systems Groundwater and Drinking Water,
State Revolving Fund U . S . Environmental Protection Agency ,
( Drinking Water State management.
( 9 Washington , DC 20460
Revolving Fund ) 202 260-5526
To protect floodplains . Department of Defense
U . S . Army Corps of Engineers
Attn : CECW- PM DoD
Challenge 21 , g
Floodplain Washington , DC 20314- 1000
C7 (202 ) 272-0169
W
hftp://www. usace . army . mil/
To support the formation of State and local Citizen Corps States with a pass through to local Department of Homeland
Security
Councils to help drive local citizen participation by governments . Emergency Preparedness and Response
coordinating Citizen Corps programs , developing Directorate
Citizen Corps community action plans , assessing possible threats , and www.citizencorps .gov
identifying local resources to make communities safer,
stronger, and better prepared to respond to the threats ,of
terrorism , crime , public health issues , and disasters of all
kinds .
Grants to States to implement non-point source programs , Non- point Source Management Program
Clean Water Act including support for non-structural watershed resource 2600 Blair Stone Road Mail Station 3570
Section 319 Grants restoration activities . Tallahassee , FL 32399-2400
850 245-7508
Loans at actual or below- market interest rates to help build , Environmental Protection Agency
repa4r, reloc2te , or replace wastewater treatment plants Office of ter
State Revolving Fund Branch
Clean Water State Branch Chief
Revolving Funds (202 ) 260-7359
A list of Regional Offices is available upon
request
Table CA , (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
This program establishes a standard to improve the Compliance program only. Rick Dixon
Coastal Construction resistance to hurricane-force winds of buildings in Florida's (850 ) 487- 1824
Building Zone coastal building zone . Staff trains building officials ,
Program monitors local progress in adopting ordinances , and
provides technical assistance .
To provide financial assistance for projects in specific Local governments of the 35 coastal counties Debbie Skelton
initiative categories . The categories are: Remarkable and all municipalities within their boundaries Florida Coastal
Management Program
Coastal Places , Community Stewardship , Access to designated as "coastal" by the state land 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard
, MS 47
Coastal Resources , and Working Waterfronts . Financial planning agency or required to include a Tallahassee , FL 32399-3000
awards are limited to no more than $50 , 000 and no less coastal element in the local comprehensive (850) 245-2161
than $ 15 ,000 and may be used for planning and plan ; national estuarine research reserves; and Fax: (850)
245-2191
coordination activities , land acquisition , small construction , national estuary programs . Public and private E-mail : debbie
.skelton@dep . state .fl . us
Coastal Partnerships or capital improvement projects . colleges and universities , regional planning
Initiative Grant councils , and non-profit groups , as long as an
eligible local government, national estuarine
research reserve , or national estuary program
n agrees to participate as a partner.
i, Partnerships between regional and local
agencies and non-profit organizations are
encouraged .
To support projects aimed at developing a science-based , State and local governments , public nonprofit Dr. Nancy Foster
, Ph . D . , Assistant
multi-dimensional approach that will allow for the institution/organization , other public Administrator, National Ocean
Service
maintenance or improvement of environmental quality, institution/organization . 1305 East-West Highway
while at the same time , allowing for economic growth . In Silver Spring , MD 20910
Fiscal Year (FY) 96 , five Fellowship Awards were made to (301 ) 713-3074
the states of CA, CT , FL , MA, and OR. In FY 98 , a
Coastal Services cooperative agreement was awarded for an ecological and
Center socioeconomic characterization of Kachemak Bay , AK.
Uses will be in the following Center areas : Coastal
Management Service : Training and Communications :
training materials development and dissemination of
Change Analysis Program : To develop land cover and
change analysis products .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To grant funds to coastal states to carry out coastal Available to all states bordering on the Atlantic, Department
of the Interior
wetlands conservation projects . Gulf (except Louisiana) , and Pacific coasts , Fish and Wildlife Service
Coastal Wetlands and states bordering the Great Lakes . 4401 N . Fairfax Dr. , Rm . 140
Planning , Protection Arlington , VA 22203
and Restoration Act (703) 358-2156
hftp ://www.fws .90v
Grants for planning and implementation of non-structural Department of Commerce
coastal flood and hurricane hazard mitigation projects and National Oceanic and Atmospheric
coastal wetlands restoration . Administration
Coastal Zone National Ocean Service
Management Program Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management
Chief, Coastal Programs Division :
301 713-3102
Provide for long-term needs , such as acquisition , State governments that have elected to Department of Housing and
Urban
rehabilitation , or reconstruction of damaged properties and administer CDBG funds for non-entitlement Development
C7 Community facilities and redevelopment of disaster-affected areas . communities . States with designated major Community Planning
and Development
Cn Development Block Funds also may be used for emergency response activities , disaster areas may receive statutory and 451 7 Street,
S .W .
Grant such as debris clearance and demolition , and extraordinary regulatory waivers of program requirements Washington , DC
204107
(CDBG ) increases in the level of necessary public services . regarding the use of regular CDBG funds , (202) 708-3587
which recipients designate to address the http ://www, hud .gov
damage .
To train people in neighborhoods , the workplace , and States with pass through to local jurisdictions . Department of
Homeland Security
Community schools in basic disaster response skills , such as fire Emergency Preparedness and Response
Emergency Response suppression , urban search and rescue , and medical Directorate
Teams operations , and help them take a more active role in www.fema .gov
emergency re aredness .
To provide innovative responses to recognized community Unrestricted grants are made for charitable The Community Foundation
for Palm
needs , which do not unnecessarily duplicate other efforts ; purposes primarily to organizations serving Beach and Martin Counties
The Community strive to equip people to help themselves ; significantly Palm Beach and Martin counties . Applicants 324 Datura
St. , Suite 340
Foundation for Palm strengthen the capacity of existing institutions to reach a must be exempt from income taxes under West Palm
Beach , FL 33401
� � A Martin broader segment of the GOmmunity; emphasize shared Sprtion 501 (c) 3 ) . Palm Beach : (561 ) 659-6800
Counties values and collective interests and action among Martin : (888 ) 832-6542
divergency groups that have little or no history of working e- mail : cfpbmc@aol . com
together; programs that are neighborhood driven .
l
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Encourages State and community flood loss reduction FEMA Region IV
activities beyond those required for participation in the CRS Program
National Flood Insurance Program . Flood insurance 3003 Chamblee-Tucker Rd .
Community Rating premiums are lower in those communities that undertake Atlanta , GA 30431
System activities to reduce flood losses , facilitate accurate (770 ) 220-5200
insurance rating , promote the awareness of flood
insurance , and protect the natural and beneficial functions
of flood hazard areas .
To provide services and activities having measurable and Department of Health and Human
potential major impact on causes of poverty in the Services , Administration for Children and
community. Families
Community Services Office of Community Services
Block Grant 370 L' Enfant Promenade , SW
Washington , DC 220447
(202 ) 401 -9340
hftp ://www. acf.dhhs ,gov/programs/ocs
nContact U . S . Department of Agriculture
The Conservation Reserve Program reduces soil erosion , . .
protects the Nation 's ability to produce food and fiber, (USDA) , Farm Service Agency
reduces sedimentation in streams and lakes , improves http ://mimosa . ite . nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
water quality, establishes wildlife habitat, and enhances sapi . dll/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
Conservation Reserve forest and wetland resources . It encourages farmers to service center in your area .
Program convert highly erodible cropland or other environmentally WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
sensitive acreage to vegetative cover, such as tame or 559 N . Military Tr.
native grasses , wildlife plantings , trees , filter strips , or West Palm Beach , FL 33415
riparian buffers . Farmers receive an annual rental payment
for the term of the multi-year contract. Cost sharing is
provided to establish the vegetative cover practices .
The purpose of the program is to provide native plants that Contact USDA, Natural Resources
can help solve natural resource problems. Beneficial uses Conservation Service
for which plant material may be developed include biomass http ://mimosa . ite . nres . usda . gov/scripts/ndi
Conservation Plant production , carbon sequestration , erosion reduction , sapi . dll/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
water alit improvement, streambank service center in your area .
and riparian area protection , coastal dune stabilization , and WPB : West Palm Beach Service en er
other special conservation treatment needs . 559 N . Military Tr.
West Palm Beach , FL 33415
1
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
The purpose of this program is to assist land-users , Individual land users , communities , Contact USDA, Natural Resources
communities , units of State and local government , and conservation districts , and other units of State Conservation
Service
other Federal agencies in planning and implementing and local government and Federal agencies to hftp ://mimosa . ite. nres .
usda .gov/scripts/ndi
Conservation conservation systems . The purpose of the conservation meet their goals for resource stewardship and sapi .dll/oip_public/USA—map
for a USDA
Technical Assistance systems are to reduce erosion , improve soil and water help individuals to comply with State and local service
center in your area .
quality, improve and conserve wetlands , enhance fish and requirements . WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
wildlife habitat, improve air quality, improve pasture and 559 N . Military Tr.
range condition , reduce upstream flooding , and improve West Palm Beach , FL 33415
woodlands .
To provide information and educational material to farmers , Farmers and rural residents who have suffered Contact
USDA, Natural Resources
ranchers , and others on what they can do to protect losses as the result of natural disasters . There Conservation
Service
themselves and their property against the hazards is also assistance available to producers who hftp ://mimosa . itc
. nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
Cooperative Extension associated with disasters ; and advice on cleanup of suffer losses as a result of crop or livestock
sapiAll/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
Service damaged property, sanitation precautions , insect control , disease or pest infestation . service center in your
area .
food preparation in an emergency, recovery actions on WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
damaged farms , and renovation of damaged equipment 559 N . Military Tr.
vandproperty. West Palm Beach , FL 33415
Community of To facilitate communications interoperability public safety Tribal , State , and local law enforcement Department
of Justice
Oriented Police responders at the State and local level . agencies . Office of COPS
Services (COPS) www. cops . usdoj .gov
Interoperable
Communications
Technology Program
To use funds made possible by a bequest of funds from the Individuals , families , and groups in need of 1 ) Department
of Homeland Security
late Cora C . Brown of Kansas City , Missouri , who left a disaster-related home repair and rebuilding ; 2) 245 Murray
Drive SW
Cora Brown Fund portion of her estate to the United States for the purpose of disaster-related unmet needs ; and 3 ) other Washington
, DC 20528
helping victims of natural disasters not caused by or services that alleviate human suffering and (202) 282-8000
attributed to war. promote the well being of disaster victims . hftp ://www. dhs . gov
Funding for research and related educational activities on National Science Foundation — Directorate
risk, perception , communication , and management for Social , Behavioral and Economic
Decision , Risk , and (primarily technological hazards ) . Science , Division of Social Behavioral and
Management Science Ennnornor, Re eaFGh , DeGiSiGA , Risk , and
Program Management Science Program
(703 ) 306- 1757
www. nsf. ov/sbe/drms/start . htm
C
Table CA , (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility g Y Sponsoring Organization
Technical and planning assistance grants for capacity
building and mitigation project activities focusin Department of Commerce ,
Disaster Mitigation 9 on Economic Development Administration
Planning and creating disaster-resistant jobs and workplaces .
( EDA) : (800) 345- 1222
Technical Assistance EDA's Disaster Recovery Coordinator:
(202) 482-6225
www. doc-gov/eda
Provides flexible grants to help cities , counties , and states States and local governments in places that For a guide
to DRI , contact Community
recover from Presidentially-declared disasters , especially in have been designated by the President of the Connections at
(800) 998-9999
low-income areas . Grantees may use DRI funds for United States as disaster areas .
recovery efforts involving housing , economic development,
Disaster Recovery infrastructure, and prevention of further damage. Examples
Initiative ( DRI ) Grants include buying damaged properties in a flood plain and
relocating them to safer areas ; relocation payments for
people and businesses displaced by the disaster; debris
removal ; rehabilitation of homes and buildings damaged by
the disaster; buying , constructing , or rehabilitating public
buildings; and code enforcement.
C7 To provide emergency assistance to eligible livestock Basic program eligibility requirements include Department of Agriculture
, Farm Service
O0 owners , in a state , county, or area approved by the 1 ) For the Disaster Reserve Assistance Agency , Emergency
and Noninsured
secretary or designee , where because of disease , insect Program , crop losses in areas that have
infestation , flood , drought, fire , hurricane, earthquake , hail suffered a 40 percent or greater loss of normal Assistance
Program Division , STOP 0526
storm , hot weather, cold weather, freeze , snow, ice, and grazing , and feed rain and forage production , 1400 Independence
Avenue SW
winterkill , or other natural disaster, a livestock emergency and determined to be in a livestock feed
Washington , DC 20250- 0526
has been determined to exist . emergency due to a natural disaster, 2 for the (202) 720-3168
http ://www.fsa . usda .gov
Emergency Feed Grain Donation Program : a)
the State committee must determine and
document a livestock feed emergency on a
Disaster Reserve county- by-county basis , when the danger of
Assistance eligible livestock perishing as a result of snow
and freezing conditions exists in the county; b)
the livestock owner, or other person or entities
(public or private ) certify that the eligible
without immediate assistance ; and 3) the
Foundation Livestock Relief (Cost-Share)
Program : a ) when foundation livestock are
stranded and in imminent danger of perishing ;
and b) when the State committee determines
and documents livestock losses due to severe
weather conditions .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To support the development of counter terrorism States and local governments , non-profit and Department of Justice
Domestic Anti- technologies , assist in the development of standards for for- profit organizations , and universities . National
Institutes of Justice
those technologies , and work with State and local www . usdoj . gov
Terrorism Technology jurisdictions to identify particular areas vulnerable to
Development Program terrorist acts and be better prepared to respond if such acts
occur.
To promote long-term economic development and assist in Eligibility is based on designation of a David L . Mc , Director
, Public Works
orhood as a Division , Economic Development
wain
Economic providing immediate useful work to unemployed and community or neighb
Development: Public underemployed persons in highly distressed areas . redevelopment area . Administration
Works Impact Examples of funded projects: 1 ) renovation of buildings , Room H7326 , Herbert C . Hoover Bldg
.
Program including historic preservation ; 2) repairing industrial streets Washington , DC 20230
and roads; construction of water/sewers stems . 202 482-5265
To promote economic development and alleviate Most technical assistance recipients are private Department of Commerce
underemployment and unemployment in distressed areas , or public non-profit organizations , educational Research and National
Technical
Economic Development Administration operates a technical institutions , municipal , county , or State Assistance Division ,
Economic
assistance program . The program provides funds to : 1 ) governments . Development Administration
Economic enlist the resources of designated university centers in Rm . H7315 Herbert C . Hoover Bldg .
n Development - Washington , DC 20230
promoting economic development; 2) support innovative
(0 Technical Assistance (202) 482-4085
economic development projects ; 3) disseminate information
and studies of economic development issues of national http ://www.doc .gov/eda
significance ; and 4) finance feasibility studies and other
projects leading to local economic development.
To perform activities prior to flooding that would assist in The Governor of the affected state must U . S . Army
Corps of Engineers , Attn :
protecting against loss of life and damages to property due request assistance . All persons living in areas CECW-OE ,
Washington , DC 20314
to flooding . Examples of funded projects: emergency subject to floods . (202 ) 272-0251
drawdown of Spirit Lake , Washington ; emergency levee
Emergency Advance construction , Utah Lake , Provo , Utah ; Temporary levee
Measures for Flood raising , Cowlitz River, Washington ; and levee setback , Red
Prevention ( Public River, Louisiana . Authorized assistance includes work
Law 84-99 Code 500 such as removal of waterway obstructions , work necessary
Program ) to prevent dam failure , and work necessary to prepare for
abnormal snowmelt. There must be an immediate threat of
unusual flooding present before advance measures can be
considered . Any work performed under this program will be
temporary in nature and must have a favorable benefit cost
ratio .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Through the Emergency Community Water Assistance Rural Utilities Service may make grants to Assistant Administrator, Water
and
Emergency Grant Program , the Rural Utilities Service is authorized to public bodies , private nonprofit corporations , Environmental
Programs , Rural Utilities
Community Water help rural residents who have experienced a significant and political subdivisions of a state , as well as Service
, Department of Agriculture ,
decline in quantity or quality of water to obtain adequate Indian tribes . Washington , DC 20250
Assistance Grants . quantities of water that meet the standards of the Safe (202) 690-2670
Drinking Water Act.
To enable farmers to perform emergency conservation Any agricultural producer who as owner, USDA/Farm Service Agency
measures to control wind erosion on farmlands , to landlord , tenant, or sharecropper on a farm or (FSA)/Conservation
Environmental
rehabilitate farmlands damaged by wind erosion , floods , ranch , including associated groups , and bears Programs Division
(CEPD ) , Stop 0513 ,
Emergency hurricanes, or other natural disasters and to carry out a part of the cost of an approved conservation 1400 Independence
Ave . SW
Conservation Program emergency water conservation or water enhancing practice in a disaster area , is eligible to apply Washington
, DC 20250-0513
measures during periods of severe drought. for cost-share conservation assistance . This (202) 720-6221
program is also available in Guam , hftp ://www.fsa . usda .gov
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands , Puerto Rico , and the Virgin Islands .
n To assist established (owner or tenant) family farmers , Must meet requirements . Department of Agriculture , Farm
Service
ranchers, and aquaculture operators with loans to cover Agency, Director, Loan Making Division ,
C) losses resulting from major and/or natural disasters , which Ag Box 0522
can be used for annual farm operating expenses , and for Washington , DC 20250
other essential needs necessary to return disaster victim 's (202 ) 720- 1632
Emergency Loans farming operations to a financially sound basis in order that
they will be able to return to private sources of credit as
soon as possible . Loan funds may be used to repair,
restore , or replace damaged or destroyed farm property
and supplies that were lost or damaged as a direct result of
a natural disaster.
Emergency To provide basic assistance to sustain the nation 's States with pass through to local emergency Department of Homeland
Security
Management emergency management system , build State and local management organizations . Emergency Preparedness and Response
Performance Grants emergency management capability, and serve as the Directorate
foundation for first responder activities . www.fema .gov
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Emergency Competitive : Provides competitive grants to State or Department of Community Affairs
Management regional agencies , local governments , and private 2555 Shumard Oak Blvd
Preparedness and non-profit organizations to implement projects that will Tallahassee , FL 32399-2100
Assistance Trust further State and local emergency management objectives . (850 ) 488-8466
Fund : Fax: (850) 921 -0781
Municipal : Provides competitive grants to municipalities that http ://www.dca .state .fl . us/cps/grants . htm
Emergency are legally constituted , have an authorized , established ,
Management and maintained emergency management program , and
Competitive Grants have signed the current Statewide Mutual Aid Agreement
(SMAA) and supplied all required information and
Municipal Competitive documentation such that the SMAA is ready to be signed
Grant Program by the Division as of the date of the application deadline .
To defray travel and per diem expenses of State , local , and State , local , and tribal emergency managers . Department
of Homeland Security
tribal emergency management personnel who attend Emergency Preparedness and Response
training courses conducted by the Emergency Management Directorate
n Institute , at the Emmitsburg , Maryland facility, Bluemont, www.fema .gov
Emergency Virginia facility, and selected off-site locations. Its purpose
is to improve emergency management practices among
Management Institute State , local , and tribal government managers , in response
Training Assistance to emergencies and disasters . Program embodies the
Comprehensive Emergency Management System by
unifying the elements of management common to all
emergencies: planning , preparedness , mitigation ,
response , and recovery.
The purpose of the Emergency Operations Centers States are eligible to apply for the assistance Gil Jamieson , Federal
Emergency
program is to supplement and assist State and local efforts under this program . For purposes of this Management
Agency , Office of National
to improve their capabilities to respond to emergencies or program and consistent with the Stafford Act, Preparedness
disasters including any that may be caused by terrorist 42 U . S . C . 5122 (4 ) , "State" means any State of 500 C Street,
SW
attacks using conventional means or Weapons of Mass the United States , the District of Columbia , Washington , DC
20472
Destruction . The program provides grants to the States to Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands , Guam , (202 ) 646-4090
Emergency encourage the development of Emergency Operations American Samoa , and the Commonwealth of e- mail : gil .jamieson@fema
.gov
Operations Centers Centers that provide flexibility , sustainability, security, the Northern Mariana Islands . Local Fax: (202
) 646-4053
survivability, -
1 ou , per day FEMA Telephone
operations facilities at the State and local levels are an subgrantees to the States in which they are Operator
Service is available at
essential element of a comprehensive national emergency located . The term "local government' as used (202 ) 566- 1600
management system and are necessary to ensure in this program has the meaning set forth in the http ://www.fema .gov
continuity of operations and continuity of government in Stafford Act , 42 U . S . C. 5122(6 ) .
major disasters caused by any hazard .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Emergency To provide emergency flood response and post flood State or local public agencies for flood Commander, U . S
. Army Corps of
Operations Flood response assistance as required to supplement State and response and the State for post flood Engineers , Attn
: CECW-OE
Response and Post local efforts and capabilities in time of flood or coastal response. Washington DC 20314- 1000
Flood Response storm . Emergency assistance is provided in all phases of (202) 272-0251
(Public Law 84-99 flood response and post flood response to supplement
Code 200 Program ) State and local efforts .
Emergency To assist in the repair and restoration of flood control works Owners of damaged flood protective works , or Commander,
U . S . Army Corps of
Rehabilitation of Flood damaged by flood , or federally authorized hurricane flood State and local officials of public entities Engineers
, Attn : CECW-OE
Control Works or and shore protection works damaged by extraordinary responsible for their maintenance , repair, and Washington
DC 20314
Federally Authorized wind , wave , or water action . Authorized assistance operation must meet current guidelines to (202) 272-0251
Coastal Protection includes emergency repair or rehabilitation of flood control become eligible for Public Law 84-99
Works (Public Law 84- works damaged by flood , and restoration of federally assistance .
99 , Code 300 authorized coastal protection structures damaged by
Program ) extraordinary wind , wave , or water action .
To assist State transportation agencies in the planning and Department of Transportation
development of an integrated , interconnected Federal Highway Administration
n transportation system important to interstate commerce and Director, Office of Engineering Federal
travel by constructing and rehabilitating the National Highway Administration
N Highway System , including the Interstate System ; and for 4007 1h St. SW
Emergency Relief transportation improvements to all public roads except Washington , DC 20590
Program those classified as local or rural minor collectors ; to provide (202 ) 366B4853
aid for the repair of Federal-aid roads following disasters ; to http ://www.fhwa .dot.gov/
foster safe highway design ; to replace or rehabilitate
deficient or obsolete bridges ; and to provide for other
special purposes .
The program is designed to help improve the quality of States , metropolitan cities , urban counties, and Community Planning
and Development,
emergency shelters and transitional housing for the territories . Local governments and non-profit Department of Housing and
Urban
Emergency Shelter homeless , to make available additional shelters , to meet organizations may apply for ESG funds directly Development
Grants ( ESG ) the costs of operating shelters , to provide essential social from states . The territories receive their Office
of Special Needs Assistance
services to homeless individuals , and to help prevent allocations based on their population size . Programs
Program homelessness . 451 7`h St. SW , Rm . 7254
Washington , DC 20410
202 708-4300
Provides technical and financial assistance for relief from USDA — Natural Resource Conservation
Emergency imminent hazards in small watersheds , and to reduce Service (NRCS ) National Office :
Watershed Protection vulnerability of life and property in small watershed areas (202 ) 690-0848
Program damaged by severe natural hazard events . Watersheds and Wetlands Division :
202 720-3042
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To support demonstration projects for the expansion and State governments and schools of medicine . Department of Health and
Human
improvement of emergency medical services for children Services
who need treatment for trauma or critical care . It is Health Resources and Services
Emergency Medical expected that maximum distribution of projects among the Administration
Services for Children States will be made and that priority will be given to projects www. hrsa .gov
targeted towards populations with special needs, including
Native Americans , minorities , and the disabled .
Technical, educational , and limited financial assistance to USDA- NRCS
Environmental Quality encourage environmental enhancement. NRCS County Offices or
Incentives Program NRCS EQUIP Program Manager:
(EQIP) (202) 720- 1834
www. nrcs . usda .gov
Identifies , assesses, and transfers available Federal real DOI - National Park Service ( NPS)
property for acquisition for State and local parks and General Services Administration Offices
Federal Land recreation , such as open space . Fort Worth , TX: (817 ) 334-2331
Transfer/Federal Land Boston , MA: (6.17) 835-5700 or
C7 to Parks Program Federal Lands to Parks Leader
NPS National Office :
w
202 565- 1184
To determine the long -term consequences of human Universities , colleges , technical schools , Department of Commerce
activities that affect the coastal and marine environment; to institutes, laboratories , State and local Office of Ocean Resources
Conservation
Financial Assistance assess the consequences of these activities in terms of government agencies , public or private or profit and Assessment,
National Ocean Service ,
for Ocean Resources ecological , economic, and social impacts upon human , or non-profit entities or individuals . National Oceanic
and Atmospheric
physical , and biotic environments , and to define and Administration
Conservation and evaluate management alternatives that minimize adverse 1305 East-West Hwy
Assessment Program consequences of human use of the coastal and marine Silver Springs , MD 20910
environments and resources. (301 ) 713-2989
http ://www . noaa .gov
Grants to states , tribal governments , and local governments State governments and Indian tribal FEMA, RRR , Region IV
Fire Management for the mitigation , management, and control of any fire governments are eligible for fire management
Assistance Grant — burning on publicly (non- Federal) or privately owned forest assistance grants . The State or Native
FEMA Read * 88'and that threatens such destfuetmen as would A.FnArunan tr;h ;il government may be the
Response and constitute a major disaster. Grantee . The Grantee is the government to
Recovery ( RRR) which a grant is awarded and is accountable
for the use of funds provided .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To reduce flood damages through projects not specifically States , political subdivisions of states , or other U . S . Army Corps
of Engineers
authorized by Congress . Corps of Engineers designs and responsible local agencies established under Attn : CECW- PM
Flood Control Projects constructs the projects . Provides a cash contribution for State law with full authority and ability to
Washington , DC 20314- 1000
(Small Flood Control land enhancement benefits and for project costs assigned undertake necessary legal and financial (202) 272-
1975
Projects) to project features other than flood control ; prevent future responsibility .
encroachment, which might interfere with proper functioning
of the project for flood control ; and , maintain the project
after completion .
To enable persons to purchase insurance against physical Any state of political subdivision with authority Federal Emergency
Management Agency
damage to or loss of buildings and/or contents therein to adopt floodplain management practices. Federal Insurance Administration
caused by floods , mudslide , or flood-related erosion , Beneficiaries may include residents , Washington , DC 20472
Flood Insurance thereby reducing Federal disaster assistance payments , businesses , and property owners in applicant (202) 646-2781
and to promote wise floodplain management practices in community, in which like states can ensure http ://www.fema .gov/nfip
the Nation's flood- prone and mudflow- rone areas . municipal structures .
To assist states and communities in implementing Eligible applicants of Technical Assistance Mr, Robert F . Shea ,
Jr.
n measures to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood Grants are State agencies or departments that Program Support Division
!, damage to buildings, manufactured homes , and other are responsible for administering the FMAP Federal Emergency Management
Agency
4�k, structures insurable under the National Flood Insurance program . Eligible applicants for Planning 500 C Street , SW
Program (NFIP) . Examples of funded projects are Grants are states and communities Washington , DC 20472
published in a Biennial Report to Congress as required participating in the NFIP . (202 ) 646-3619
under Section 554 of the National Flood Insurance Reform
Act (NFIRA) . This report is available from Mr. Robert F .
Flood Mitigation Shea , Jr. , Program Support Division , Federal Emergency
Assistance (FMAP) Management Agency (FEMA) . Planning Grants may be
Program Planning used to assist states and communities in developing and
Grants updating Flood Mitigation Plans . Eligible activities under
this grant are conducting local planning discussions ,
contracting for consulting technical services such as
engineering and planning , surveying structures at risk, and
assessing structures subject to repetitive flood loss .
Eligible activities under this grant are the acquisition ,
relocatiQn . elevation or dry-floodproofing of insured
structures , minor structural projects , and beach
nourishment activities .
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To promote appropriate recognition of flood hazards in land States , political subdivisions of States , other U . S . Army
Corps of Engineers
and water use planning and development through the non- Federal public organizations and the Attn : CECW-PF
provision of flood and flood plain related data , technical public . Washington , DC 20314- 1000
services , and guidance . Available information identifies (202) 761 -0169
areas subject to flooding and flood losses from streams ,
lakes , and oceans and describes flood hazard at proposed
Flood Plain building sites . It can be used as a basis for planning flood
Management Services plain use, for flood emergency preparedness planning , for
hurricane evacuation and preparedness planning , for
assistance in developing flood plain regulations , for setting
elevations for flood proofing , and implementing flood
proofing measures, and for indicating areas to be acquired
for open space . Services are available to states and local
governments without charge , but within annual funding
limitations , on request.
The Flood Risk Reduction Program was established to Contact USDA, Farm Service Agency
nallow farmers who voluntarily enter into contracts to receive http://mimosa . itc . nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
cn payments on lands with high flood potential . In return , sapi .dll/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
Flood Risk Reduction participants agree to forego certain USDA program service center in your area .
Program benefits . These contract payments provide incentives to WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
move farming operations from frequently flooded land . 559 N . Military Tr.
West Palm Beach , FL 33415
The purpose is to provide a mechanism to have financial Florida Statutes
Florida Coastal resources immediately available for prevention of, and http ://www. leg . state .fl . us/citizen/document
Protection Trust Fund cleanup and rehabilitation after, a pollutant discharge , to s/statutes/ 1993/CHAPTER_376_11
. html
prevent further damage by the pollutant, and to pay for
damages .
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Florida Communities Trust ( FCT) is a State land acquisition 2555 Shumard Oak Blvd
grant program housed at the Florida Department of Tallahassee , FL 32399-2100
Community Affairs . (850 ) 922-2207
FCT provides funding to local governments and eligible Fax: (850) 921 - 1747
non-profit environmental organizations for acquisition of E-mail : fctinfo@dca . state .fl . us
Florida Communities community-based parks , open space , and greenways that http ://www. dca . state .fl . us/ffcV
Trust further outdoor recreation and natural resource protection
needs identified in local government comprehensive plans .
Matching and full grants for land acquisition projects are
provided to communities through an annual competitive
application cycle . Approximately $66 million is available to
eligible applicants each year, and applicants are eligible for
up to 6 .6 million or 10 percent of this amount.
The purpose of the FHCF is to protect and advance the 1801 Hermitage Blvd .
Florida Hurricane State's interest in maintaining insurance capacity in Florida Tallahassee , FL 32308
Catastrophe Fund by providing reimbursements to insurers for a portion of (850) 413- 1349
(FHCF) their catastrophic hurricane losses . Fax: (850 ) 413- 1344
www.fsba . state .fl . us/fhef/about .asp
To prevent future losses of lives and property due to State and local governments ; certain private Federal Emergency
Management Agency
disasters , to implement State or local hazard mitigation and nonprofit organizations or institutions ; Mitigation Directorate
Hazard Mitigation plans , to enable mitigation measures to be implemented Native American tribes or authorized tribal 500 AC@ St.
, SW
Grant Program during immediate recovery from a disaster, and to provide organizations ; and native villages or Washington
, DC 20472
funding for previously identified mitigation measures to organizations . (202 ) 646-4621
benefit the disaster area . http://www.fema .gov/mit/
Funding for research and related educational activities on National Science Foundation , Directorate
Hazard Reduction hazards . for Engineering , Division of Civil and
Mechanical Systems , Hazard Reduction
Program Program
703 306- 1360
Hazardous Materials Provide technical and financial assistance through the State , local , and tribal governments , State Department
of Homeland Security
Assistance Program States to support State , local , and tribal governments in oil emergency response committees , local Emergency Preparedness
and Response
(('nmPrehenq4vP and hn7ardows materials Pmprgpnry planning and emergency lannin commissions . Directorate
Environmental exercising . To support the Comprehensive Hazardous
Response , Materials Emergency Response — Capability Assessment
Compensation and Program activities .
Liability Act [CERCLA)
Implementation )
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
The HMEP grant program is intended to provide financial Federal Emergency Management Agency
and technical assistance as well as national direction and 500 C St. , SW
Hazardous Materials guidance to enhance State , territorial , tribal , and local Washington , DC 20472
Emergency hazardous materials emergency planning and training . The http ://www .fema . gov/
Preparedness (HMEP) HMEP Grant Program distributes fees collected from
Grant shippers and carriers of hazardous materials to emergency
responders for hazmat training and to Local Emergency
Planning Committees for hazmat planning .
Increase State , local , territorial , and Native American tribal States , local , territorial , tribal governments Department
of Transportation
effectiveness to safely and efficiently handle HazMat Research and Special Programs
Hazardous Materials accidents and incidents, enhance implementation of the Administration
Emergency Emergency Planning and Community Right-to- Know Act of www. rspa , dot.gov
Preparedness Training 1986 , and encourage a comprehensive approach to
and Planning Grants emergency planning and training by incorporating response
to transportation standards .
n To assist State governments in the development and State agencies responsible for hazardous Grants Administration Division
(3903R) ,
implementation of an authorized hazardous waste waste management within the 50 states . Environmental Protection Agency
,
Hazardous Waste management program for the purpose of controlling the Washington , DC 20460
Management State generation , transportation , treatment, storage , and disposal
Program Support of hazardous wastes. State project to develop a hazardous
waste program designed to meet the substantive and
procedural requirements of an authorized program .
Section 3006 ) .
To assist organizations in the development of institutional Department of Health and Human
competency through appropriate training and education to Services , Public Health Service
hazardous waste workers . National Institutes of Health
Office of Extramural Outreach and
Hazardous Waste Information
Worker Health and National Institutes of Health
Safety 6701 Rockledge Dr. , MSC 7910
Bethesda , MD 20892-7910
(301 ) 435-7910
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
The purpose of the Healthy Homes Demonstration Program Eligible applicants include not-for-profit Ms . Ellen Taylor, Director,
Healthy Homes
is to develop, demonstrate , and promote cost-effective , institutions ; for-profit institutions (for-profit firms Program . Office
of Healthy Homes and
preventive measures to correct multiple safety and health are not allowed to profit from the project) Lead Hazard Control
,
Healthy Homes hazards in the home environment that produce serious located in the U . S . , State , and local (202) 755- 1785
, extension 116
diseases and injuries in children of low-income families . governments ; and Federally-recognized Native E-mail : Ellen_R _Taylor@hud
. gov
Demonstration Grants .
The U .S . Department of Housing and Urban Development American tribes . Federal agencies and Federal
(HUD ) is interested in reducing health threats to the employees are not eligible to apply for this
maximum number of residents , especially children , in a cost program ,
efficient manner.
To provide matching grants to states for the identification , State and local governments and public and Department of
the Interior
evaluation , and protection of historic properties by such private nonprofit organizations and individuals . National Park Service
, Preseryation
means as survey, planning technical assistance , Heritage Services Division
acquisition , development, and certain Federal tax 1849 C Street, NW
Historic Preservation incentives available for historic properties ; to provide Washington , DC 20240
Fund Grants-in-Aid matching grants to States to expand the National Register (202 ) 343-6004
n of Historic Places ; and to provide matching grants to the
National Trust for Historic Preservation for its
0o congressionally chartered responsibilities to preserve
historic resources .
To assist in the identification , excavation , protection , and Departments or agencies of the State Division of Historical
Resources
Historic Preservation rehabilitation of historic and archaeological sites in Florida ; (including universities) , cities , counties , and 500
S . Bronough Street
Grants to provide public information about these important other units of local government , and Tallahassee , FL
32399-0250
resources; and to encourage historic preservation in not-for-profit organizations . (850) 245-6300
smaller cities through the Florida Main Street program .
To solicit scientific proposals designed to answer public State health departments . Department of Health and Human
health questions arising from situations commonly Services
encountered at hazardous waste sites . The objective of Centers for Disease Control
Human Health this research program is to fill gaps in knowledge regarding www. atsdr. cdc .gov
Studies , Applied human health effects of hazardous substances identified
Research and during the conduct of Agency for Toxic Substances and
Development Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) health assessments ,
consultations , toxicological profiles , and health studies ,
including but not limited to those health conditions
, prioritized by ATSDR .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
FFundingurce Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Funds Residential Construction Mitigation Program , which 2555 TallahShumaassee ,
F Oak Blvd
was developed in coordination with an advisory council Tallahassee , FL 32399-2100
consisting of representatives designated from the (850) 410- 1563
Hurricane
410-
Hurricane Loss Department of Insurance , Florida Home Builders Fax:E- mail : to .court 55
Mitigation Program il : ted .court@dca .state .fl . us
Association , Florida Insurance Council , Federation of http ://www.floridacommunitydevelo mment.
Manufactured Home Owners , Florida Association of
Counties , and Florida Manufactured HousingAssociation . or / ro rams/rcm /files/one http ://www.floridacommunitydie]vel
op7ment.
To significantly reduce the loss of life , property , economic Texas , Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama , Federal Emergency
Management Agency
disruption , and disaster assistance costs resulting from Florida . Mitigation Directorate
hurricanes. 500 AC@ St. , SW
Hurricane Program Washington , DC 20472
(202 ) 646-4621
htti) ://www.fema .gov/mit
To assist states and communities in establishing and States . Department of Health and Human
maintaining preventative health service programs to Services
Immunization Grants immunize individuals against vaccine-preventable diseases . Centers for Disease Control
(� www.cdc .gov
Immunization To assist states , political subdivisions of states , and other States and nonprofit organizations . Department of
Health and Human
Research , public and private nonprofit entities to conduct research , Services
Demonstration , Public demonstrations , projects , and provide public information on Centers for Disease Control
Information and vaccine-preventable diseases and conditions . www.cdc. gov
Education
To provide assistance to individuals and families who have Individuals and families . Department of Homeland Security
been affected by natural or man-made Presidentially Emergency Preparedness and Response
Individual Assistance declared disasters . Funding provided from the Disaster Directorate
Relief Fund .
Interoperable To facilitate communications interoperability among public State and local governments . Department of Homeland
Security
Communications safety emergency responders at the State and local level . Emergency Preparedness and Response
Equipment Grant Directorate
Initiates programs and supports their purposes including Open to non- profit, tax-exempt organizations . John D . and Catherine
T . MacArthur
community development activities in Palm Beach County, Foundation
Program Area , Grants Management ,
John D . and Catherine Researchan information
T. MacArthur 140 S . Dearborn St. , Suite 1100
Foundation Chicago , IL 60603-5285
(312) 726-8000
E-mail : 4answersmacfdn . com
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
LWCF is a competitive program that provides grants for All local governmental entities with the legal Department of
Environmental Protection
acquisition or development of land for public outdoor responsibility for the provision of outdoor Division of Recreation
& Parks
Land and Water recreation use . recreational sites and facilities for the use and Bureau of Design & Recreation
Services
Conservation Fund benefit of the public. 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard
MS #585
(LWCF ) Tallahassee , Florida 32399-3000
(850 ) 488-7896 (Suncom 278-7896 )
Fax: 850 488-3665 Suncom 278-3665
The NRCS provides technical and financial assistance for Contact USDA
runoff retardation and soil erosion prevention as needed to http ://mimosa . itc . nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
reduce hazards to life and property from floods , drought, sapi . dll/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
Land Protection , and the products of erosion on any watershed impaired by service center in your area .
Natural Resources a natural disaster. NRCS provides technical assistance for WPB : West Palm Beach Service
Center
Conservation Service rehabilitation of land conservation systems for which FSA 559 N . Military Tr.
( NRCS) provides cost-sharing , and emergency protection to assist West Palm Beach , FL 33415
n in relieving imminent hazards to life and property from
N floods and products of erosion created by natural hazards
C) that are causing a sudden impairment of a watershed .
To provide specialized training and equipment to enhance Applicants requesting funding must have the Office of State and Local
Domestic
the capability of metropolitan fire and emergency service capability to develop and provide training for Preparedness Support ,
Office of Justice
Local Firefighting and departments to respond to terrorist attacks . To enhance fire and emergency service personnel that will
Programs , Department of Justice
Emergency Services readiness and preparedness of fire and emergency prepare them to respond to a terrorist incident. 633 Indiana Ave .
NE
Training services personnel to respond to terrorist incidents of mass Washington , DC 20531
destruction where incendiary devices , nuclear, biological , or (202 ) 616-2920
chemical agents are utilized .
Helps existing community development groups revitalize Available upon request. John Mascotte , Chairman of the Board ,
or
urban neighborhoods throughout the country. By Paul S . Grogan , President
Local Initiatives combining investments , technical assistance , and grants , Local Initiatives Support Corporation
Support Corporation LISC seeks to increase the ability of experienced local 733 3rd Ave .
( LISC ) development groups to design projects of significant scale , New York , NY 10017
raise and manage necessary capital , and work effectively (212 ) 455-9800
with their natural allies in the private sector.
This funding provides assistance to develop digital flood State , local , and tribal governments . Department of Homeland
Security
Map Modernization maps , support flood-mapping activities , and expand the Emergency Preparedness and Response
Cooperating Technical Partners Program to communities Directorate
and regional entities .
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To increase the professional level of the fire service and Any individual who is a member of a fire National Emergency
Training Center,
others responsible for fire prevention and control . Students department or has significant responsibility for Educational and
Technology Services
are provided an opportunity to attend courses at the fire prevention and control . Branch
National Fire Academy resident facility or at a convenient 16825 S . Seton Ave .
off-campus location with a minimal cost to the individual or Emmitsburg , MD 21727
National Fire Academy the fire department represented . The increase in the (301 ) 447- 1000
Educational Program number of students attending impacts the professional level
of fire service personnel . Training is provided at the
resident facility in Emmitsburg , Maryland , and in the field in
cooperation with State or local fire training agencies on
specific subjects to specific audiences .
To provide travel stipends to students attending Academy Any student who is a member of a fire National Emergency
Training Center,
National Fire Academy courses . Examples of funded projects : students are department or has significant responsibility for Educational
and Technology Services
Training Assistance provided an opportunity to attend courses at the National fire prevention and control and has been Branch ,
(Student Stipend Fire Academy resident facility with a minimal cost to the accepted into an eligible course at the National 16825
S . Seton Ave
Reimbursement individual or the fire department represented . The increase Fire Academy may apply for stipend Emmitsburg , MD
21727
Program) in the number of students attending impacts the reimbursement. (301 ) 447- 1035
professional level of fire service personnel .
Provides federally-backed flood insurance to those who FEMA Region IV
generally were not able to obtain it from the private-sector CRS Program
National Flood 3003 Chamblee-Tucker Rd .
companies, and to promote sound floodplain management
Insurance Program practices in flood prone areas . Atlanta , GA 30431
770 220-5200
To fund activities designed to reduce the risk of flood States and units of local government. Local Federal Emergency
Management Agency
damage . governments must be participating in the Mitigation Directorate
National Flood National Flood Insurance Program . 500 AC@ St. , SW
Mitigation Fund Washington , DC 20472
(202 ) 646-4621
http ://www.fema . gov/mit
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
[,Funding Source Objective Eligibility 7PI Sponsoring Organization
HRSA is providing financial assistance to authorized Public Health Departments in all 50 States National Bioterrorism
Hospital
jurisdictions through the National Hospital Bioterrorism Territories (USVI , Guam , Puerto Rico , Preparedness Program Contacts
Preparedness Program 's Cooperative Agreements to American Samoa , N . Marianas Islands) Freely Parklawn Building , Room 18A-38
upgrade the preparedness of the Nation's health care Associated States of the Pacific (Federated 5600 Fishers Lane
system to respond to bioterrorism , other outbreaks of States of Micronesia , Marshall Islands , Palau ) Rockville , MD
20857
infectious disease , and other public health threats and New York , NY, Los Angeles County , CA, Fax: (301 ) 443-
1296
National Hospital emergencies . Awardees are required to address the Chicago , IL, District of Columbia .
Bioterrorism following priority areas : hospital bed capacity, isolation
Preparedness Grant capacity, health care personnel , hospital-based
pharmaceutical caches , mental health services , trauma and
burn care capacity, communications and information
technology, personal protective and decontamination
equipment, emergency medical services , linkages with
public health departments , education and training , and
preparedness exercises .
Provides weather and flood warnings , public forecasts , and National Weather Service , National
advisories for all of the United States and territories . Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
tv National Weather1325 East-West Highway
N Service Technical assistance is provided to local , regional , and
State agencies developing and operating warning Silver Spring , 20910
ro rams . http ://www. nws . noaa .gov
To provide cooperative agreements and project grant A public or private nonprofit entity providing Grants Management
Contact: Dorothy G .
support for the development and administration of model worker health and safety education and training I Williams , Grants Management
Officer,
worker health and safety training programs consisting of may submit an application and receive a Grants Management Branch
, Division of
classroom and practical health and safety training of cooperative agreement or project grant for Extramural Research and Training
,
workers and their supervisors , who are engaged in support of waste worker education and training National Institute of Environmental
Health
National Institute of activities related to hazardous materials , hazardous waste by a named principal investigator. Nonprofit Sciences
, National Institutes of Health ,
Environmental Health generation , treatment, storage , disposal , removal , organizations that are incorporated under Department of
Health and Human
Services Hazardous containment, transportation , or emergency response . 501 (c)(4) are prohibited from receiving grants . Services
Waste Worker Health Programs provide health and safety training and education P . O . Box 12233
and Safety Training for occupational population involved in waste handling and Research Triangle Park , NC
27709
(Superfund Worker processing at active and inactive hazardous substance (919 ) 541 -2749
meegi:am ) treat ant, storage , apd disposal facilities ; clean , 1p E- mail : Williams niehs . nih . ov
removal , containment, or remedial action at waste sites ;
hazardous substance emergency response ; hazardous
substance disposal site risk assessment and investigation ,
remedial actions, or clean-up by State and local personnel ;
and transportation of hazardous wastes .
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
It is intended to integrate advanced or graduate training into An accredited institution of higher education , as Grants
Management Contact: Dorothy G .
the multidisciplinary research program to provide for defined in the Higher Education Act, 20 U . S . C . Williams , Grants
Management Officer,
National Institute of training in environmental and occupational health and (annotated) 3381 , may submit an application Department
of Health and Human
Environmental Health safety; the engineering aspects of hazardous waste control ; and receive a grant for support of research by
Services
Sciences (NIEHSl and graduate training in the geosciences . This a named principal investigator. Nonprofit P .O . Box 12233
Superfund Hazardous interdisciplinary program supports basic research in the organizations that are incorporated under Research
Triangle Park , NC 27709
Substances : Basic following : development and use of methods and 501 (c)(4) are prohibited from receiving grants . (919) 541
-2749
technologies to detect hazardous substances in the E-mail : Williams@niehs . nih . gov
Research and environment; development of advanced techniques for the
Education (NIEHS detection , assessment, and evaluation of the effects of
Superfund Research human health presented by hazardous substances ; and the
Program ) development and use of basic biological , chemical , and
physical methods and technologies to reduce the amount of
toxicity of hazardous substances .
Non-Structural Direct planning and construction grants for non-structural Department of Defense- U . S . Army
Corps
Alternatives to alternatives to the structural rehabilitation of flood control of Engineers ( USACE )
C7
Structural works damaged in floods or coastal storms ($9 million Emergency Management contact in
ry respective USACE field office
co Rehabilitation of FY 99) .
Damaged Flood South Atlantic (404 ) 331 -6795
Control Works
The North American Wetlands Conservation Act Grant Public or private , profit or non-profit entities or Department of the Interior
Program promotes long-term conservation of North individuals establishing pubic-private sector Fish and Wildlife Service ,
North American
American wetland ecosystems , waterfowl and other partnerships . Waterfowl and Wetlands Office
North American migratory birds , fish , and wildlife that depend upon such 4401 N . Fairfax Dr. , Rm .
110
Wetlands habitat. Principal conservation actions supported by Arlington , VA 22203
Conservation Act NAWCA are acquisition , enhancement, and restoration of (703) 358- 1784
(NAWCA) Grant wetlands and wetlands-associated habitat. The program http ://www.fws .gov/~ rgnawwo/homepag . ht
Program encourages voluntary, pubic-private partnerships to ml
conserve North American wetland ecosystems by creating
an infrastructure and providing a source of funding .
The goal of the ODP Equipment Grant Program is to All 50 states , the District of Columbia , the ODP Help Line
at (800 ) 368-6498
Offilee-efy�Dernestie PFOYide funding to enhance the capacity of State and Inceal Commonwealth of Puerto Rico American
Acquisition Program jurisdictions to respond to , and mitigate the consequences Samoa , the Commonwealth of Northern
(ODP ) of, incidents of domestic terrorism involving the use of Mariana Islands (CNMI ) , Guam , and the U . S .
, weapons of mass destruction . Virgin Islands .
Table CA . (Continued ) .
Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Funding Source Objective
Too
o provide financial assistance to the states and their For planning grants , only the State agency Chief,
Recreation Program , National Park
2225 Department of the Interior
olitical subdivisions for the preparation of Statewide formally designated by the Governor or State Service , (2225) ,
Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans (SCORPs) and law as responsible for the preparation and Wash W49 C ashington , DC20240
m 3624
Outdoor Recreation : acquisition and development of outdoor recreation areas maintenance of the SCORP is eligible to apply . 9
Acquisition , the (202) 565- 1133
Development and and facilities for the general public, to meet current and For acquisition and development grants ,for
future needs . Examples of funded projects: acquisition and above designated agency may apply
Planning (Land and development grants may be used for a wide range of assistance for itself, or on behalf of other State
Water Conservation outdoor recreation projects , such as picnic areas , inner city agencies or political subdivisions , such as
Fund Grants) parks , campgrounds , tennis courts , boat launching ramps , cities , counties, and park districts.
bike trails , outdoor swimming pools , and support facilities
such as roads , water supply , etc. Department of Interior — Fish and Wildlife
Financial and technical assistance to private landowners Service
interested in pursuing restoration projects affecting National Coordinator, Ecological Services :
Partners for Fish and wetlands and riparian habitats . (703 ) 358-2201
A list of State and regional contacts is
Wildlife
available from the National Coordinator
n u on request.
private sector owners of Small Business Administration
Physical Disaster Disaster loans to non-farm , p National Headquarters
Loans and Economic disaster damaged property for uninsured losses . Loans Associate Administrator for Disaster
Injury Disaster Loans can be increased by up to 20 percent for mitigation Assistance : 202 205-6734
ur ses . U . S . Army Corps of Engineers
To cooperate with any state in the preparation of The 50 states. Attn : CECW -PF
comprehensive plans for the development, utilization , and Washington , DC 20314- 1000
conservation of water and related land resources of (202 ) 272-0169
drainage basins located within the boundaries of such
Planning Assistance to state . The state must have a planning program for the
States (Section 22) development, utilization , or conservation of the water and
related land resources underway or laid out in sufficient
detail so that the relationship of a state's request for Corps
input for some particular aspect of the program may be
To assist the states in the preparation of comprehensive States , District oT Department of DefeAse
o um ia , .
and federally recognized Native Amer
plans for the development, utilization , and conservation of American Engineers
At n : CECW- PM DoD
Planning Assistance to water and related land resources . Floodplain management tribes . Washington , DC 20314- 1000
States Program services intended to assist states in planning related to (202) 272-0169
water supply , water quality , water conservation , http ://www . usace . army . mil/
environmental restoration and enhancement, hydropower
development, flood control , or erosion and navigation .
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective
Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Transportation Security Administration
To support efforts of critical national seaports/terminals to Public and private ports or terminals ; Head uarters , Office
of Maritime and
enhance port security through security assessments and State/local government entities ; and q
mitigation strategies; and enhanced facility and operational consortiums composed of local stakeholder Land Security , Grants/Contracts
security (e .g . , terminal , commuter, or ferry vessels access groups (i .e . , river groups , ports , and terminal 701 South
Management
Bra ee'tTSA-8
control , physical security , cargo security , and passenger associations). Private entities will be
security) , including proof of concepts . considered when security interests related to Arlington VA 22202
Port Security Grants location and/or operation affects the greater Tony Corio
for Critical National public interest. Consultants may prepare tony .corio@dhs .gov
Seaports applications for an eligible party , but only the (571 ) 227- 1233
Sea
p eligible party may submit and be considered for
the grant. Prerequisites: for Enhanced Facility
and Operational Security grants , applicants
must have already completed a security
assessment and tie the security enhancements
aversely
e assessment.
Department of Commerce — Economic
Grant funding to assist with the long-term econoDevelopment Administration ( EDA)
NPost-Disaster recovery of communities , industries , and firms aEDA Headquarters
cn Economic Recovery impacted by disasters . Disaster Recovery Coordinator:
Grants and Assistance 202 482-6225
This program provides funding for mitigation activiteste , local , and tribal government. Department of Homeland Security
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Pre- Disaster Mitigation before disasters strikes . ! n recent years it has provided Directorate
Program assistance for mitigation planning . In FY 03 , Congress
passed a competitive pre-disaster mitigation grant program
that will include ro' ect fundin Department of Defense (DOD )- USACE
Project Modifications Provides for ecosystem restoration by modifying structures Chief of Planning @ appropriate USACE
for Improvement of the and/or operations or water resources projects constructed Regional Office
Environment by the USACE , or restoring areas where a USACE project South Atlantic: 404 331 -6270
contributed to the degradation of an area .
Property Improvement To facilitate the financing of improvements to homes and Eligible borrowers include the owner of the Persons
are encouraged to contact t e
Loan Insurance for other existing structures and the building of new property to be improved ,onths beyond 'matur maturity of
tateng a lease eorvnearest local HUD offnership Center 9 eheir
Improving All Existing nonresidentialstructuies . Insured loans maybeused- to - ea
Structures and finance alterations , repairs , and improvements for existing the loan , or a purchaser of the property under
a
Building of New structures and the building of new nonresidential structures land installment contract.
Nonresidential that substantially protect or improve the basic livability or
Structures Title I utility of the 2roperties .
Table C . I . (Continued ) .
Ob'ective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Funding Source 1
To provide bank protection of highways , highway bridges , States , political subdivisions of states or other U . S. Army Corps
of Engineers
essential public works , churches , hospitals , schools , and responsible local agencies established under Attn : CECW -PM
Protection of Essential other nonprofit public services endangered by flood-caused State law with full authority and ability to Washington
, DC 20314- 1000
Highways , Highway erosion . Reinforced barriers at either side of bridge undertake necessary legal and financial (202 )
272- 1975
Bridge Approaches , approachments . Corps of Engineers designs and responsibilities .
and Public Works constructs the project. Nonfederal sponsor must share in
(Emergency Bank projects costs , including cash and lands , easements ,
Protection ) right-of-way and utility relocations ; hold and save the United
States free from damages; and maintain the project at local
cost after completion .
The Forest Service (FS) sets priorities , establishes policies , Federal and State agencies and organizations , Contact USDA
and provides financial and technical assistance to State and State and private lands . http ://mimosa . itc . nrcs
. usda .gov/scripts/ndi
The FS provides technical and financial sapi . dil/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
Protection of Forests assistance to State Foresters in mitigating and improving service center in your area .
and Rangelands their fire suppression capability , and serves as a technical WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
fire advisor to FEMA in the Fire Suppression Assistance 559 N . Military Tr.
C7
Program .
West Palm Beach , FL 33415
To provide supplemental assistance to states , local State and local governments and any political Federal Emergency Management
Agency
00 governments , and certain private nonprofit organizations to subdivision of a state , Native American tribes , Infrastructure
Support Division , Response
alleviate suffering and hardship resulting from major and native villages are eligible . Also eligible and Recovery
Directorate
Public Assistance disasters or emergencies declared by the President, are private nonprofit organizations that operate 500 AC@
St. , SW
educational , utility, emergency , or medical Washington, DC 20472
facilities and provide custodial care or other (202) 646-3026
essential services of governmental nature to http ://www.fema .gov/mit/
the general public.
Public Health and To continue to prepare our nation's public health system Individuals , families , Federal , State , and local
Department of Health and Human
Social Services and hospitals for possible mass casualty events , and to government agencies and emergency health Services
accelerate research into new treatments and diagnostic care providers . ww. hhs .gov
Emergency Fund tools to cope with possible bioterrorism incidents .
Public Housing Funding to public housing agencies for modernization HUD
Modernization needs resulting from natural disasters (including elevation , Director, Office of Capital Improvements
:
202 ) 708- 1640
Reserve Tor is
and Emer encies
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To assist states in achieving , maintaining , and improving State and local government agencies that are Brenda Usilton ,
Office of State Programs ,
their capabilities to conduct radiation control programs . or will be responsible for administering Nuclear Regulatory Commission
,
This will assure that State programs established through radiation control programs under an agreement Washington , DC
20555
agreements with NRC for transfer of certain NRC regulatory with NRC for assumption by the State of (301 ) 415-2348
authority over atomic energy materials to the states will regulatory authority initially exercised by the
Radiation Control : continue to be adequate to protect health and safety and be NRC .
Training Assistance compatible with NRC's regulatory program . Training is
and Advisory made available to personnel of State and local
Counseling governments in order to improve the radiological health
training of staff members responsible for carrying out
radiation control programs . Courses are provided in health
physics and radiation protection , safety aspects of using
radioactive materials, regulatory practices and procedures ,
and compliance inspection .
Florida Recreation Development Assistance Program Municipal and county governments or other Bureau of Design and Recreation
n ( FRDAP) is a competitive program that provides grants for legally constituted entities with the legal Services
N Recreation acquisition or development of land for public outdoor responsibility to provide public outdoor 3900 Commonwealth
Boulevard
v Development recreational use or to construct or renovate recreational recreation . Mail Station #585
Assistance Program trails . Tallahassee , Florida 32399-3000
(850) 488-7896 (Suncom 278-7896 )
Fax: (850) 488-3665
Suncom Fax 278-3665
o help families repair or improve , purchase and improve , Individual purchasers or investors are eligible Persons are
encouraged to contact the
or refinance and improve existing residential structures to apply. Homeownership Center serving their
more than 1 year old . HUD insures lenders against losses State , or the nearest local HUD
office .
on loans . These loans may be used to rehabilitate an
Rehabilitation existing one to four unit dwelling in one of four ways :
Mortgage Insurance purchase a structure and the land on which the structure is
(203[k] ) located and rehabilitate it; purchase a structure on another
site , move it onto a new foundation on the mortgaged
property, and rehabilitate it; refinance the existing
indebtedness and rehabilitate such a structure ; or
re a ilitate such asrucure .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Direct and guaranteed rural economic loans and business USDA-Rural Utilities Service
enterprise grants to address utility issues and development Program Support: (202 ) 720- 1382
Rural Development needs . Northern Regional Division :
Assistance -- Utilities (202 ) 720- 1402
Electric Staff Division : (202 ) 720- 1900
Power Supply Division : 202 720-6436
Grants , loans , and technical assistance in addressing USDA- Rural Housing Service
Rural Development rehabilitation , health and safety needs in primarily Community Programs : (202 ) 720- 1502
Assistance — Housing low-income rural areas . Declaration of major disaster Single Family Housing : (202 ) 720-3773
necessary. Multi Family Housing : 202 720-5177
School Emergency To provide school districts with funds to strengthen and School districts . Department of Education
Response and Crisis improve current school crisis plans in preparation for www.ed .gov/emergencyplan/
Management Plan emergencies including potential terrorist attacks .
Discretionary Grant
Program
n Loan guarantees to public entities for community and HUD
N) Section 108 Loan economic development (including mitigation measures) . Community Planning and Development
Guarantee Program staff at appropriate HUD field office , or the
Section 108 Office at HUD Headquarters :
202 708- 1871
The purpose of the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Loan Program is Disaster Area 2 Office
to make low-interest ; fixed- rate loans to eligible small One Baltimore Place , Suite 300
businesses for the purpose of implementing mitigation Atlanta , GA 30308
Small Business measures to protect business property from damage that 1 -800-359-2227
Administration (SBA) may be caused by future disasters . The program is a pilot http ://www. sba .gov/disaster_recov/loaninf
Pre- Disaster Mitigation program , which supports FEMA's Pre-Disaster Mitigation o/pre_disaster_mitigation . html
Loan Program Program . SBA's Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program is
available to businesses whose proposed mitigation
measure conforms to the priorities and goals of the
mitigation plan for the community, as defined by FEMA, in
which the business is located .
Providpq funds to r, 1ral rnMrni inities to improve Innal 1090) 922- 1870
Small Cities housing , streets , utilities , and public facilities . The Susan Cook (850 ) 487-3644
Community Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program offers local Rick Stauts , Planning Manager with the
Development Block governments a source of financing for economic Department of Community Affairs
Grant Program development , large-scale public facility projects , and public (850 ) 487-3644
infrastructure .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To reduce flood damages . Corps of Engineers designs and States , political subdivisions of states , or other U . S . Army
Corps of Engineers
constructs the project. The nonfederal sponsor must responsible local agencies established under Attn : CECW- PM
provide all lands , easements , and rights-of-way ; provide all State law with full authority and ability to Washington
, DC 20314- 1000
Snagging and Project costs in excess of the Federal limit of $500 ,000 ; undertake necessary legal and financial (202) 272-
1975
gg g agree to maintain project after construction ; hold and save responsibilities .
Clearing for Flood the United States free from damages ; provide a contribution
Control (Section 208) toward construction costs for land enhancement or special
benefits; agree to prevent future encroachment, which
might interfere with proper functioning of the project for
flood control .
To seek the most technically sound and cost effective Federal , State , and local government agencies , U . S . Fish
& Wildlife Service
proposals that specifically address priority issues within academic institutions , non-profit groups , and/or South Florida
Ecological Services Office
South Florida 's coastal ecosystem , such as restoring and citizens are eligible to respond directly. 133920th Street
enhancing degraded coastal uplands and estuarine Vero Beach , Florida 32960-3559
wetlands, removing exotic vegetation from coastal areas
n South Florida Coastal and promoting research and public awareness of South
N Ecosystem Program Florida 's ecological problems , to identify opportunities in
c� which partnerships can be formed to create , restore and
enhance coastal resources , and to develop partnerships
among Federal , State , and local governments as well as
academic, non-governmental , and business entities in
South Florida .
Special Economic To help State and local areas develop and/or implement States , cities , counties , or other political Department
of Commerce
Development and strategies designed to address structural economic subdivisions of a State, consortia of such Economic Adjustment Division
, Economic
Adjustment Assistance adjustment problems resulting from sudden and severe political subdivisions , public or private nonprofit Development
Administration
Program - Sudden and economic dislocation such as plant closings , military base organizations representing redevelopment Room H7327
, Herbert C . Hoover Bldg .
Severe Economic closures , and defense contract cutbacks , and natural areas designated under the Public Works and Washington , DC
20230
Dislocation and Long disasters , or from long -term economic deterioration in the Economic Redevelopment Act of 1965 , (202 ) 482-26659
Term Economic area 's economy. Economic Development Districts established http ://www.doe. gov/eda/
Deterioration under Title IV of the Act, and Native American
tribes .
To assist
Preparedness Grants local plans , programs , and capabilities for disaster Preparedness , Training , and Exercises
(Disaster preparedness and prevention . Improvement grants have Directorate , Federal Emergency
Preparedness Produced a variety of products such as mitigation training Management Agency
Improvement Grants) courses , enhanced State preparedness efforts , revised Washington , DC 20472
assistance , and hazard mitigation plans . 202 646-3492
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
State Domestic Funding will be provided to enhance first responder State and local governments. Department of Justice
Preparedness capabilities , and to provide for equipment purchases and Office of Domestic Preparedness
Equipment Support exercise planning activities for response to Weapons of www. usdoj .gov
Program Mass Destruction domestic terrorist incidents .
To provide for the purchase of specialized equipment to State and local governments; first responders . Department of Homeland
Security
enhance the capability of State and local agencies to Border and Transportation Security
prevent and respond to incidents of terrorism involving the Directorate
use of chemical , biological , radiological , nuclear or www.ojp . usdoj .gov
State Homeland explosive (CBRNE) weapons ; for the protection of critical
Security Grant infrastructure and prevention of terrorist incidents ; for costs
Program related to the design , development, conduct, and
evaluation of CBRNE exercises ; for costs related to the
design , development, and conduct, of a State CBRNE
Training Program ; and for costs associated with updating
and implementing each state's Homeland Security
n
Strategy.
The purpose of the State and Local All Hazards Emergency States are eligible to apply for assistance under Gil Jamieson
, Federal Emergency
o Operation Planning Program is to supplement and assist this program . For purposes of this program Management Agency,
Office of National
State and local efforts to prepare themselves to respond to and consistent with the Stafford Act, 42 U . S . C . Preparedness
emergencies or disasters including any that may be caused 5122 (4) , "state" means any state of the United 500 C Street,
SW
by terrorist attacks using conventional means or Weapons States , the District of Columbia , Puerto Rico , Washington , DC 20472
of Mass Destruction . Such preparedness requires an the Virgin Islands , Guam , American Samoa , (202 ) 646-4090
extraordinary level of inter-service and inter-jurisdictional and the Commonwealth of the Northern E-mail : gil .jamieson@fema
. gov
planning and coordination . The program provides grants to Mariana Islands . Local governments may Fax: (202) 646-4053
the states to encourage the development or updating of receive assistance as subgrantees to the 24-hour per day FEMA Telephone
State and Local All comprehensive , all-hazard emergency management plans states in which they are located . The term Operator Service
is available at
Hazards Emergency by the states and by local governments . The requisite "local government" as used in this program has (202
) 566- 1600
Operations Planning planning base supports and promotes efforts to establish the meaning set forth in the Stafford Act, 42 http ://www.fema
.gov
lasting working relationships and facilitates the U . S . C . 5122 (6 ) .
development of a common incident command system ,
general availability of interoperable communications , and
effective mutual aid . In partnership with the Federal
Government, strong emergency management and
emergency services organizations at the State and local
levels ensure the continuance of a comprehensive national
emergency management system for disasters or
emergencies resulting from natural disasters or accidental
or man-made events .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source T Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To provide delivery of specialized , multi-agency State and local law enforcement and Office of Justice Programs
, Bureau of
anti-terrorism preparedness training . This training , along prosecution authorities . Justice Assistance , Department
of Justice
with related research , law enforcement intelligence , 810 Seventh Street , NW
operational issues development, and technical assistance Washington , DC 20531
State and Local support activities , is delivered to State and local law Contact: Program Development Division
Anti-Terrorism enforcement and prosecution authorities . While State and (202 ) 514-5943
Training local law enforcement preparation and readiness issues www. usdoj .gov/bja
addressed in this project are tailored to interventions in
domestic terrorism , major portions of the program's
preparedness and operational readiness outcomes are
equally applicable to any terrorist threat or incident whether
domestically or internationally inspired .
To enhance the capacity of State and local first responders Eligible applicants are public or private Office for Domestic
Preparedness , Office
State and Local to respond to a weapons of mass destruction terrorism organizations with the expertise and of Justice Programs
Domestic incident involving chemical , biological , nuclear, radiological , experience to provide assistance to State and U .S .
Department of Justice
n Preparedness incendiary, and explosive devices . local jurisdictions ; to facilitate , conduct , and 810 Seventh Street,
NW
w Exercise Support evaluate exercises ; and/or to develop Washington , DC 20531
guidance , materials , and publications related to (202 ) 305-9887
the conduct of exercises or lessons learned . http ://www. ojp . usdoj .gov
TincZent
enhance the capacity of State and local first responders Applicants may be public or private Office for Domestic Preparedness
, Office
spond to a weapons of mass destruction terrorism organizations with the expertise and of Justice Programs
State and Local involving chemical , biological , nuclear, radiological , experience to provide a specialized service or U . S
. Department of Justice
Domestic incendiary, and explosive devices . The program goals are a full range of assistance to enhance the 810 Seventh Street,
NW
Preparedness to enhance the ability of State and local jurisdictions to capacity of State and local emergency Washington ,
DC 20531
Technical Assistance develop , plan , and implement a program for weapons of response agencies to respond to a weapons of (202 )
305-9887
mass destruction preparedness and to sustain and maintain mass destruction terrorism incident. hftp ://www.ojp . usdoj .gov
specialized equipment.
To help states work with rural communities and hospitals to States with at least one hospital in a Department
of Health and Human
State Rural Hospital develop and implement a rural health plan , designate non-metropolitan region . Services
Flexibility Program critical access hospitals , develop integrated networks of Health Resources and Services
care , improve emergency medical services , and improve Administration
Iquality, service and or anization
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
The Stewardship Incentives Program provides technical Contact USDA, Forest Service
and financial assistance to encourage non-industrial private http ://mimosa . itc . nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
forest landowners to keep their lands and natural resources sapi . dll/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
productive and healthy. Qualifying land includes rural lands service center in your area .
Stewardship with existing tree cover or land suitable for growing trees WPB: West Palm Beach Service Center
Incentives Program and which is owned by a private individual , group , 559 N . Military Tr.
association , corporation , Native American tribe , or other West Palm Beach , FL 33415
legal private entity. Eligible landowners must have an
approved Forest Stewardship Plan and own 1 ,000 or fewer
acres of qualifying land . Authorization may be obtained for
exceptions of up to 5 ,000 acres .
The STP provides flexible funding that may be used by Florida Department of Transportation
States and localities for projects on any Federal-aid
highway, including the National Highway System , bridge
Surface projects on any public road , transit capital projects , and
n Transportation intracity and intercity bus terminals and facilities . A portion
of funds reserved for rural areas may be spent on rural
N Program (STP) minor collectors . Eligible activities include environmental
restoration and pollution abatement projects , including
retrofit or construction of stormwater treatment facilities and
natural habitat mitigation .
To establish and support an innovative program of basic Any public or private entity involved in the Department of Health
and Human
research and training consisting of multi-project, detection , assessment, evaluation , and Services
interdisciplinary efforts that may include each of the treatment of hazardous substances ; and State National Institute of
Health
Superfund Hazardous following : methods and technologies to detect hazardous and local governments. www. nih .gov
Substances Basic substances in the environment; advance techniques for the
Research and detection , assessment, and evaluation of the effects of
Education hazardous substances on humans ; methods to assess the
risk to human health presented by hazardous substances ;
and basic biological , chemical , and physical methods to
reduce the amount and toxicity of hazardous substances .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To assist State health departments in developing a State , local , territorial , and tribal public health Department
of Health and Human
State-based surveillance system for monitoring hazardous departments . Services
Surveillance of substance emergency events . This surveillance system will Centers for Disease Control
Hazardous Substance allow the State health department to better understand the www. atsdr.cdc .gov
Emergency Events public health impact of hazardous substance emergencies
by developing , implementing , and evaluating a State-based
surveillances stem
Grants are awarded to support Surveys, Studies, Assistance under this program is generally EPA, Office of Prevention
, Pesticides , and
Investigations, Training Demonstrations , Educational available to states , U S territories or Toxic Substances
Outreach and Special Purpose assistance relating to the possessions , federally recognized Native 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue
, NW
protection of public health and the environment from American tribal governments and Washington , DC 20460
Surveys , Studies , potential risk from toxic chemicals to come . Funding organizations , public and private universities
Investigations , priority: annual funding priority topics for FY 2003 include , and colleges , hospitals , laboratories , and other
Training but are not limited to , promotion of pollution prevention and public or private nonprofit institutions and
Demonstrations and the public's right to know about chemical risks , evaluation individuals. Non-profit organizations described
n Educational Outreach of pesticides and chemicals to safeguard all Americans , in Section 501 (c)(4) of the Internal Revenue
including children and other vulnerable members of the Code that engage in lobbying activities as
w population , as well as our most threatened species and defined in Section 3 of the Lobbying Disclosure
ecosystems from environmental harm and emerging issues Act of 1995 are not eligible to apply.
like biotechnology , endocrine disruptors , and lead
poisoning prevention .
To catalyze community-based and regional projects and Eligible applicants include community groups Office of Air and
Radiation
other actions that promote sustainable development, and other nonprofit organizations , local Environmental Protection Agency
thereby improving environmental quality and economic governments , universities , tribes , and states . Program Contact: Pamela
Hurt
prosperity; leverage significant private and public (202 ) 260-2441
investments to enhance environmental quality by enabling
community sustainability efforts to continue past
Environmental Protection Agency funding ; build
Sustainable partnerships that increase a community's long -term
Development capacity to protect the environment through sustainable
Challenge Grants development; and enhance the Environmental Protection
Agency's ability to provide assistance to communities and
promote sustainable development, through lessons .
Examples of funded projects : from Grassroots to Tree
Roots — Sustaining Forestry in New Hampshire promotes
using better forest management practices to protect
environmental quality and sustain the State 's timber
industry. Mid-City Green Project Building Materials
Exchanqe will expand its current Paint Exchange into a
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
full-scale building materials exchange to red7New
of discarded construction materials waste in
Orleans area and encourage urban renewal .accomplished through construction materialstransformation , and low-cost resale ; neighbo
rehabilitationpromotion ; creative reuse ; and education .
Transfers of Inventory Transfers title of certain inventory farm properties owned by U . S . Department of Agriculture
— Farm
Farm Properties to Farm Service Agency to Federal and State agencies for Service Agency
Federal and State conservation purposes (including the restoration of Farm Loan Programs
Agencies for wetlands and floodplain areas to reduce future flood National Office :
Conservation potential ) .
Purposes (202) 720-3467 extension 1632
Transportation enhancements are transportation-related Florida Department of Transportation
activities that are designed to strengthen the cultural ,
Transportation aesthetic , and environmental aspects of the nation 's
n Enhancements intermodal transportation system . Eligible projects include
�
Program environmental mitigation to address water pollution due to
highway runoff or reduce vehicle-caused wildlife mortality
while maintaining habitat connectivity.
To improve the nation 's overall emergency medical system , Rick Smith
Trauma/Emergency including the joint efforts between HRSA and National (301 ) 443-5372
Medical Services Highway Traffic Safety Administration to assess State rsmith@hrsa . gov
Grant systems and recommend improvements to the current
s stem .
To provide Federal grants to local governments for the Eligible applicants are cities and counties National Park
Service , Recreation
rehabilitation of recreation areas and facilities , meeting the eligibility requirements . Eligibility Programs
demonstration of innovative approaches to improve park is based on need , economic and physical 1849 C Street, NW
, Room 3624
Urban Park and system management and recreation opportunities , and distress , and the relative quality and condition Washington ,
DC 20240
Recreation Recovery development of improved recreation planning . of urban recreation facilities and systems . Contact: Ken
Compton
Program Rehabilitation grants have been awarded to renovate a (202 ) 565- 1133
wide variety of existing community park and recreation
facilities . Innovation grants have been awarded to
emonstrate unique and cost-effective methods for
providing better recreation services .
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
Provide planning and technical assistance to local http ://www. usace . army. mil
governments to address local flood problems . The http ://www, saw. usace . army. mil
U . S . Army Corps of Floodplain Management Service Program and Planning
Engineers Assistance to States Program can help local governments
develop their own plans and initiate floodplain management
actions . Under these programs , the Corps can provide
flood data and carry out certain local studies .
Assists states and local governments in maintaining stream Florida Geological Survey
gauge stations . In addition , the agency has prepared http ://www. usgs .gov
U . S . Geological inundation maps in many communities. These quadrangle
Survey floodplain maps of flood prone areas are often used to
delineate the approximate floodplain boundaries on the
maps FEMA has provided to local governments .
The purpose of the VFA Program , formerly known as the A single fire department serving a rural area or Forest Protection
Bureau
Rural Community Fire Protection Program , is to provide a rural community with a population of 101000 Division of Forestry
n Federal financial , technical , and other assistance to State or less is eligible (latest census ) . 3125 Conner
Boulevard
Wforesters to organize , train , and equip fire departments in Tallahassee , FL 32399- 1650
Cn rural areas and rural communities to prevent and suppress Area fire departments (fire districts , townships , (850) 488-6111
fires . etc. ) may serve an aggregate population of
greater than 10 , 000 as long as the service area
of the fire department includes a rural area or a
rural community having a population of 10 , 000
or less . The VFA funding must be used to
Volunteer Fire benefit the rural population .
Assistance (VFA) A single county or town with a population over
Grants 10 , 000 that is served by two or more fire
districts operating entirely within the bounds of
the county or town may qualify as long as the
service area of a given fire department includes
a rural area or a rural community or the
is 10 , 000 or less . The VFA funding must be
used for the rural area .
A single community with a population greater
than 10 , 000 and having a single fire
department with one or more fire stations may
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
qualify. The fire department must have a
service area that includes a rural area or
community that does not exceed 10 ,000 in
population . The VFA funding must be used
only for the benefit of the rural population .
Similarly a single community with a population
greater than 10 ,000 , which also provide fire
protection to an adjoining rural community of
10 ,000 or less population by contract, also may
be eligible , provided the VFA funding is used
entirely to support the rural community.
A single community fire department serving a
population greater than 10 ,000 and not
providing protection to a rural area or to a rural
n community is not eligible for VFA financial
assistance .
rn The Wallace Global Fund supports initiatives that promise http ://www.wgf.org/program_criteria . html
to advance globally sustainable development in some
fundamental way. The Fund seeks to maximize its impact
by investing its resources in projects that meet the following
criteria : tackle root problems that impede progress toward a
Wallace Global Fund sustainable future ; propose compelling strategies for
promoting environmentally and/or socially sustainable
development, such as leveraging additional financial
resources , catalyzing policy change , implementing
innovative programs ; offer potential for significant impact at
the global level ; and require private money, at least initially.
To assist states and interstate agencies in establishing and Eligible entities include State and interstate Carol
Crow, State and Interstate
maintaining adequate measures for prevention and control water pollution control agencies as defined in Agencies , Section
106 Coordinator,
of surface and ground water pollution . Grants are made to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Section 106 ,
Office of Wastewater
states and tribes for the administration of State and tr0hRI Mannqpm nt (42nl ) Officp of
Water
Control : State and Programs for the prevention , reduction , and control of Environmental Protection Agency
Interstate Program Pollution . Activities funded include administration of State Washington , DC 20460
Support ( 106 Grants) and Tribal Water Quality Standards programs ; National (202 ) 260-6742
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit programs ;
and compliance and enforcement, monitoring , and
hazardous materials spills response . Broad support for the
prevention and abatement of surface and qround water
l
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
pollution from point and non-point sources including water
quality planning , monitoring , water quality standards ,
assessments, permitting , pollution control studies , planning ,
surveillance and enforcement; advice and assistance to
local agencies ; training ; and public information .
To improve water quality. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Water Quality Office of Wastewater Management
Program Management (4201 ) , Office of Water
Washington , DC 20460
The Small Watershed Program works through local Contact USDA, Natural Resources
government sponsors and helps participants solve natural Conservation Service
Watershed Operations resource and related economic problems on a watershed hftp://mimosa . itc. nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
-Small Watershed basis . Projects include watershed protection , flood sapi .dll/oip_public/USA_map for a
USDA
Program and Flood prevention , erosion and sediment control , water supply, service center in your area .
n Prevention Program water quality, fish and wildlife habitat enhancement, WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
w (WF 08 or FP 03) wetlands creation and restoration , and public recreation in 559 N . Military Tr.
watersheds of 250 ,000 or fewer acres . Both technical and West Palm Beach , FL 33415
financial assistance are available .
To provide technical and financial assistance in carrying out Any State agency , county or groups of U . S . Department
of Agriculture
works of improvement to protect, develop , and utilize the counties , municipality, town or township , soil Natural Resources
Conservation Service
land and water resources in small watersheds . and water conservation district , flood P . O. Box 2890
Watershed Protection prevention or flood control district , Indian tribe Washington , DC 20013
and Flood Prevention or tribal organization , or any other non-profit
agency with authority under State law to carry
out, maintain , and operate watershed works of
improvement may apply for assistance .
To provide loan assistance to sponsoring local Be a sponsoring local organization , such as a Department of Agriculture
organizations in authorized watershed areas for share of municipal corporation , soil and water Water and Waste Rural
Utilities Service
Watershed Protection cost for works of improvement. conservation district, or other organization not Washington , DC
20250
and Flood Prevention operated for profit in the approved watershed (202 ) 690-2670
nminct - nnri haVe authority under State law
obtain , give security for, and raise revenues to
repay the loan and to operate and maintain the
facilities to be financed with the loan .
Table C . 1 . (Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
The purpose of the program is to help Federal , State , and Contact USDA, Natural Resources
local agencies and tribal governments to protect Conservation Service ,
watersheds from damage caused by erosion , floodwater, Watershed Surveys and Planning
and sediment and to conserve and develop water and land http ://mimosa . itc . nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
resources . Resource concerns addressed by the program sapi .dll/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
include water quality , opportunities for water conservation , service center in your area .
Watershed Surveys wetland and water storage capacity , agricultural drought WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
and Planning problems , rural development, municipal and industrial water 559 N . Military Tr.
needs , upstream flood damages , and water needs for fish , West Palm Beach , FL 33415
wildlife , and forest-based industries . Types of surveys and
plans include watershed plans , river basin surveys and
studies , flood hazard analyses , and flood plain
management assistance . The focus of these plans is to
identify solutions that use land treatment and nonstructural
measures to solve resource problems .
n To provide planning assistance to Federal , State , and local Any local or State water resource agency or Deputy Chief
For Programs , Natural
w agencies for the development of coordinated water and other Federal agency concerned with water Resources Conservation
Service ,
00 related land resources programs in watersheds and river and related land resource development, Department of Agriculture
basins . Special priority is given to the objectives of setting counties , municipalities , town or township , soil P . O
. Box 2890
priorities in helping to solve problems of upstream rural and water conservation district, flood Washington , DC 20013
community flooding , water quality improvement coming prevention or flood control district , Native (202 ) 720-4527
Watershed Surveys from agricultural non-point sources , wetland preservation American tribe or tribal organization or
and Planning (Small and drought management for agriculture and rural nonprofit organization .
Watershed Program ; communities . Special emphasis is given to helping
PL-566 ; Watershed communities that desire to adopt floodplain management
Surveys and Planning ) regulations to meet the requirements of the National Flood
Insurance Program and State agencies in developing a
strategic water resource plan . Examples of funded
projects: in New Castle County , Delaware , the Central
Pencader flood plain management study was initiated to
guide land use , zoning , and subdivision decisions to
develop s and flood plain and storm water management
practices .
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To protect natural wetlands . Department of Defense
U . S . Army Corps of Engineers
Attn : CECW - PM DoD
Wetlands Program Washington , DC 20314- 1000
(202) 272-0169
http ://www . usace . army . mil/
To assist states and Native American tribes in developing States, Native American tribes , and local Environmental Protection
Agency
Wetlands Protection new or enhancing existing wetlands protection programs . governments . Office of Water
Office of Wastewater Management
Grants (4201 ) , Office of Water
Washington , DC 20460
The Wetlands Reserve Program is a voluntary program to Contact USDA, Natural Resources
restore wetlands . Participating landowners can establish Conservation Service
conservation easements of either permanent or 30-year hftp ://mimosa . ite. nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
Wetlands Reserve duration , or can enter into restoration cost-share sapiAll/oip_public/USA_map for a USDA
n Program agreements where no easement is involved . service center in your area .
WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
559 N . Military Tr.
West Palm Beach , FL 33415
To assist states , tribes , and local governments in State or tribal agencies , interstate/inter-tribal Peter Kalla , Wetlands
Protection Section ,
developing new or enhancing existing wetlands protection entities and associations , and local Environmental Protection Agency
management and restoration programs . The projects that governmental entities are eligible to receive Region IV,
Wetlands Protection : will be funded under this program should support the initial funding . Atlanta , GA 30365
Development Grants development of a wetlands protection restoration program (404 ) 562-9414
or support enhancement/refinement of an existing program .
Projects must clearly demonstrate a direct link to increasing
a State's , tribe's , or local governments ability to protect,
manage , and/or restore its wetlands resources .
Financial and technical assistance to protect and restore USDA- NRCS
Wetlands Reserve wetlands through easements and restoration agreements . National Policy Coordinator
Program NRCS Watersheds and Wetlands
9 Division :
(202) 720-3042
Table C . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Funding Source Objective Eligibility Sponsoring Organization
To implement the National Fire Plan and assist States and local governments at risk as Bureau of Land Management
communities at risk from catastrophic wildland fires by published in the Federal Register, Native Jackson , Mississippi
Field Office
providing assistance in the following areas : provide American tribes , public and private education 411 Briarwood Drive
, Suite 404
community programs that develop local capability including institutions , nonprofit organizations , and rural Jackson , MS
39206
assessment and planning , mitigation activities , and fire departments serving a community with a (601 ) 977-5400
community and homeowner education and action ; plan and population of 10 ,000 or less in the
Wildland Urban implement hazardous fuels reduction activities , including wildland/urban interface .
Interface Community the training , monitoring , or maintenance associated with
and Rural Fire such hazardous fuels reduction activities , on Federal land ,
Assistance or on adjacent nonfederal land for activities that mitigate the
threat of catastrophic fire to communities and natural
resources in high risk areas; enhance local and small
business employment opportunities for rural communities ;
enhance the knowledge and fire protection capability of
rural fire districts by providing assistance in education and
training , protective clothing , and equipment purchase , and
mitigation methods on a cost share basis .
o The WHIP is a voluntary program for people who want to All lands are eligible for WHIP , except for: Contact USDA
develop and improve wildlife habitat primarily on private Federal lands ; land currently enrolled in http ://mimosa
. itc . nres . usda .gov/scripts/ndi
Wildlife Habitat lands . It provides both technical assistance and cost share Waterbank, Conservation Reserve Program , sapiAll/oip_public/USA_map
for a USDA
Incentives Program payments to help establish and improve fish and wildlife Wetlands Reserve Program , or other similar service center
in your area .
(WHIP ) habitat. programs ; and lands where the expected WPB : West Palm Beach Service Center
impacts from on-site or off-site conditions make 559 N . Military Tr .
the success of habitat improvement unlikely. West Palm Beach , FL 33415
e
APPENDIX D
DATA SOURCES
D- 1
�r Table D . 1 . Data sources used for the Indian River County Hazard Vulnerabili y and Risk
Assessment.
Source Data Type
Natural Hazards - Hazards resulting from weather conditions, geologic coriditions, or
disruption of natural systems
Hurricanes and Severe Storms ( Includes Tropical Storms and Northe stern )
Natural Hazards Research Center Historical and current data on all types of
natural hazards
Atlantic Hurricane Tracking Database Historical data on hurricane tracks and
intensities
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration ( NOAA) Tropical Cyclone Historical hurricane data
Database
Colorado State University ( Dr. Gray online
site ) Hurricane probability
National Aeronautics and Space Historical data on all types of natural
Administration ( NASA ) Natural Disaster
Reference Database hazards
National Weather Service Weather statistics
National Climate Data Center - online Weather statistics
database
Atlantic Ocean and Meteorological
Laboratory , Hurricane Research Division Hurricane forecast models
U . S . Census Housing data
Federal Emergency Management Agency Emergency management procedures
Tropical Storm Watch Database Tropical storm data worldwide
Flood Insurance Rate Maps and
Community Status Book Areas vulnerable to potential rieSing water
Storm Surge Atlas for Indian River County
(Sealand Overland Surges for Hurricanes Areas vulnerable to storm surge flooding
[SLOSH ] model ) based on the SLOSH model
U . S . Geological Survey Base maps and historical flood plain and
elevation data
Florida State University ( Meteorology Data and expertise concerning all Florida
Department) natural hazards
Florida Atlantic University Data and expertise concerning all Florida
natural hazards
National Severe Storms Laboratory Data on storm effects
Independent Insurance Agents of America Probability data and estimated QXPOSure .
( Natural Disaster Risk Database ) Building code recommendation to reduce
exposure
Florida Coastal Management Program Po ulation in sure zone data
D -2
Table D . 1 . (Continued ).
Source Data Type
Florida Department of Community Affairs , The Arbiter of Storms (TAOS ) aps 7andDivision of Emergency Management computer model
projections a well
technicsl support and data
Florida Department of Environmental Environmental risk and exposure to
Protection hurricanes , environmental effects , and
environmental hazards
Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish
Commission Hurricane effects on fish and wildlife
Florida Department of Corrections Prison statistics and emergenc
management plans
Florida Department of Education School and Board of Education emergency
guidelines
Climatic and weather data , hydrologic data ,
St. Johns River Water Management District water release schedules , and emergency
management plans
Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council Building codes and impacts of proposed
State-wide unified building cod
Indian River County Airports Weather data and hurricane protection
procedures
Indian River County Comprehensive Land management , zoning , and hurricane
,%W Growth Management Plan mitigation related ordinances
Indian River County Building Division Building codes and zoning ordinances
Indian River County Community Building codes and zoning ordinances
Development Department
Indian River County Property Appraiser Tax assessor records for use in
determining dollar value of exposed
property
Indian River County Computer Support Statistical data
Services
Indian River County Traffic Engineering Engineering , drainage , road elevations , and
and Public Works storm water data
Indian River County Health Department Critical facilities and health risk d to
The School Board Schools , shelter, and critical facil ties data
and emergency management pla is
Indian River County Attorney' s Office Building codes and ordinances
Indian River County Parks Division Environmental and recreational data and
potential impacts data
Emergency management plans , historical
Indian River County Emergency Services data , critical facilities , special needs , and
general guidance
Indian River County Clerk of the Court County prison population and emergency
management plans
D-3
Table D . 1 . ( Continued ).
Source Data Type
Animal protection , regulation , androl
Indian River County Animal Control plans following natural disaster
( hurricanes )
Emergency management plan wIndian RiverCounty Sheriff' s Department enforcement procedures follow tural
disaster
Indian River County Tourist Development Potential economic loss and sp cific areas
Council of economic vulnerability
Indian River County Utilities Department Critical facilities locations and a ergency
management procedures
Indian River County Red Cross Historical data , shelter data , an
emergency management plans
Critical facilities locations , special
Hospitals , Clinics , and Nursing Facilities equipment, special needs , and evacuation
plans
Florida Power & Light and Other Power grid vulnerabilities , structure , and
Municipal/Private Power Companies emergency management plans
Home Depot/Lowe 's Emergency management supplyplans for
preparation and recovery
Publix/Winn Dixie Emergency food supply plans
fir+
Southern Bell Critical facilities locations , and emergency
communication maintenance plE ns
AT&T Wireless Services Critical facilities locations , and emergency
communication maintenance pl ns
U . S . Cellular Wireless Communications Critical facilities locations and er iergency
communication maintenance plans
Critical facilities locations and er iergency
Local Radio and Television Stations management plans (operating plans ) during
natural disaster
Tornadoes and Thunderstorms
Natural Hazards Research Center Historical and current data on all types of
natural hazards
The Tornado Project On-Line Historical data
U . S . Census Housing data
Optical Transient Detector Database Lightning associated with thunderstorms
(lightning statistics )
NASA Natural Disaster Reference Historical data on all types of natural
Database hazards
National Weather Service Weather statistics
National Climate Data Center - online
database Weather statistics
NAA Wind Related Fatalities Database Wind related fatalities
NOAA Tropical Prediction Center Storm predictions
D-4
Table D . 1 . (Continued ) .
Source Data Type
Florida State University Data and expertise concerning all Florida
natural hazards
Florida Atlantic University Data and expertise concerning all Florida
natural hazards
National Severe Storms Laboratory Storm and tornado statistics and storm
effects
Independent Insurance Agents of America Financial data concerning losses resulting
( Natural Disaster Risk Database ) from thunderstorms and tornadoes
Florida Department of Community Affairs ,
Incident reports and historical data
Division of Emergency Management
St. Johns Water Management District Climatic data
Weather data and protection plans and
Indian River County Airports procedures during thunderstorms and
tornadoes
Indian River County Fire Department Thunderstorm and tornado fire and fatality
data
Indian River County Emergency Services Thunderstorm and tornado hist rical data
Indian River County Emergency Medical Historical data on thunderstorm and
Services tornado related medical emergencies
Public Safety , Emergency Management,
Historical data on impacts of thunderstorms
Health Department, and Fire and Rescue
Departments within each municipality and tornadoes at the local level
Indian River County Red Cross Historical data on impacts
Florida Power & Light and other
municipal/private power companies Historical data on impacts to the power grid
Southern Bell Historical data on communicatio Is impacts
AT&T Wireless Services Historical data on communications
disruptions
U . S . Cellular Wireless Communications Historical data on communications
disruptions
Local radio and television stations Historical data on losses and possible
future losses
Lightning/Electromagnetic Disturbances ( normally included under thunderstorm but
along the Treasure Coast, we believe this hazard is significant enough to be considered
alone )
Natural Hazards Research Center Lightning research and statistics
NASA Natural Disaster Reference
Database Lightning statistics
National Weather Service Lightning strike data
National Climate Data Center - online
database Lightning strike data
NOAA Lightning Related Fatalities
Database Lightning fatalities
D-5
Table D . 1 . (Continued ) .
Source Data Type
National Lightning Safety Institute ( NLSI ) Lightning research and protecti
on
measures
Florida State University Data and expertise concerning
hazards
Florida Atlantic University Data and expertise concerning hazards
University of Florida Lightning Research Current research on lightning cLaboratory effectsNational Severe Storms
Laboratory Lightning statistics
Independent Insurance Agents of America Financial losses attributable to l
(Natural Disaster Risk Database ) and related electromagnetic dis harges
Florida Department of Community Affairs ,
Division of Emergency Management Data on major fires caused by lightning
Florida Fire Chief's Association Data on fires caused by lightning
St. Johns River Water Management District Data on lightning related losses
Indian River County Airports Lightning data and protective measures
Indian River County Fire Division Lightning related fires and injuries
Indian River County Parks & Division Data on lightning related losses
Indian River County Emergency Services Lightning protection procedures
�rrr Emergency Medical Services
Lightning related injuries
Indian River County Sheriffs Department Data on communication disrupti n
Florida Power & Light Financial losses and power grid i fisruptions
due to lightning
Southern Bell Financial losses and communica ions
disruptions due to lightning
AT&T Wireless Services Financial losses and communications
disruptions due to lightning
U . S . Cellular Wireless Communications Financial losses and communicat ons
Coastal and Riverine Flooding disruptions due to lightning
Association of State Floodplain Managers Flood plain data , flooding statistic , and
mitigation approaches
Natural Hazards Research Center Technical data on all natural haza ds
NOAA Flood Related Fatalities Database Flood related fatalities
NOAA Hydrologic Information Center Hydrologic data
NOAA Tropical Cyclone Database Rainfall associated with specific ty es of
storm events
NASA Natural Disaster Reference Specific flooding and mitigation da a
Database nationwide
NASA Flood Hazard Research Center Flood research and mitigation app oaches
�,,,r,; National Weather Service Climatic data
D-6
`r Table D . 1 . (Continued ) .
Source Data Type
7FNational
mate Data Center - online
Weather/rainfall historical data
od Proofing Committee
Mitigation procedures
sociation of Flood and Storm Storm watermanagement data and
Water Management Agencies procedures
Atlantic Ocean and Meteorological
Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division Historical meteorological data
Federal Emergency Management Authority Historical flooding data
Tropical Storm Watch Data Rainfall events and flooding dat
Flood Insurance Rate Maps and Identification of properties within the flood
Community Status Book plain
U . S . Geological Survey Topographic maps
U . S . Army Corps of Engineers Historical flooding data and floo
prevention projects
Dartmouth Flood Observatory Flooding research
Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat)
Floodwatch Database Historical flooding data
Florida State University Data and expertise concerning a 1 Florida
natural hazards
Florida Atlantic University Data and expertise concerning a I Florida
natural hazards
National Severe Storms Laboratory Rainfall data and related flooding events
Independent Insurance Agents of America Property and financial losses as a result of
( Natural Disaster Risk Database ) flooding
Florida Department of Community Affairs , Historical data on flooding events in Indian
Division of Emergency Management River County
Florida Association of Floodplain Managers Flood data specific to Florida
Florida Department of Environmental Environmental parameters and risk
Protection associated with flooding
Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish
Commission Wildlife resources impacted by flooding
St. Johns Water Management District Water management , hydrology, and flood
prevention procedures
Indian River County Community Zoning ordinances and building codes that
Development Department affect flood protection
Indian River County Property Appraiser Property value within flood zones
Indian River County Traffic Engineering Highway and storm water management
and Public Works Departments procedures
Indian River County Fire Department Flooding associated fires and injures
Naw Indian River County Health Department Disease risk and contamination po ential
associated with flooding
D-7
rr„r► Table D . 1 . (Continued ).
Source Data Type
Indian River County Parks Division Recreational resources at risk due to
flooding
Indian River County Emergency Services Historical flooding data and emergency
management procedures
Indian River County Emergency Medical
Services Flooding related injuries
Indian River County Animal Control Animal control problems associated with
flooding
Indian River County Sheriff Department Emergency management procedures
associated with flooding
Indian River County Utilities Department Critical facilities at risk due to flooding and
potential impacts
Indian River County Red Cross Historical flooding data and repetitively
damaged structures data
Florida Power & Light Flooding emergency plans and critical
facilities at risk
Extreme Temperatures
National Weather Service Historical records on extreme to
peratures
National Climate Data Center - online
wr database Historical records on extreme tei peratures
U . S . Department of Agriculture - County Local agricultural data on freque cy ,
Extension Agents impacts , and financial losses du to
extreme temperatures ( heat and cold )
Frequency and amount of financial losses
Florida Citrus Commission to citrus crops due to freezing ternperatures
and long-term industry impacts
Frequency and amount of financial losses
Florida Department of Citrus to citrus crops due to freezing temperatures
Florida Department of Children and and current mitigation strategies
Families Homeless population data
Florida Department of Agriculture & Frequency and amount of financial losses
Consumer Services to all agricultural business as a result of
extreme temperatures ( heat and old )
Frequency and amount of�financiE I losses
Florida Farm Bureau to all agricultural business as a re ult of
extreme temperatures and curren
mitigation and risk reduction strategies
Florida State University Agricultural research and new mitigative
strategies to reduce freeze impact
NOW
D-8
Table D . 1 . ( Continued) .
it
Source Data Type
Florida Atlantic University Temperature impacts to aqua ulture
industry
University of Florida Agricultural research and new mitigative
strategies to reduce freeze impacts
University of Miami Agricultural research and new itigative
strategies to reduce freeze impacts
Florida Department of Environmental Environments at risk from temperature
Protection extremes and environmental consequences
of current mitigation strategies
St. Johns River Water Management District Climate records and water demands
associated with freeze mitigati n
Indian River County Agriculture Extension Historical impact and financial losses
Service resulting from freezing tempera ures in
Indian River County
Indian River County Citrus and Farming Historical freeze/heat losses ande
Interest mitigation strategies
Indian River County Red Cross Impacts to poor and homeless cue
temperature extremes
Wildland Fires ( Urban interface wildland fires and muck fires )
National Weather Service Climate data/drought prediction
National Interagency Coordination Center
Reports Wildland fire reports
National Climate Data Center - online
database Climate data
U . S . Forest Service Wildland fire reports and prevent
measures
U . S . Department of Agriculture - County
Extension Agents Controlled burning/muck deposit
U . S . Geological Survey Soil types/muck deposits
Florida Geological Society Soil types/muck deposits
The Wildland Fire Assessment System Wildland fire statistics and containment
procedures
Florida Forest Protection Bureau Florida specific wildland fire statistics and
current preventative practices
Florida Department of Environmental Natural resources at risk and protective
Protection
measures
Florida specific wildland fire statis ics ,
Florida Fire Chief' s Association firefighting technology, and potential
mitigative measures for Florida
communities
St. Johns River Water Management District Water resources and right-of-way
management practices
D-9
.. Table D . 1 . (Continued ).
Source Data Type
Indian River County Agriculture Extension Land use patterns in Indian River County to
Service establish areas at risk
Indian River County Community Land use patterns in Indian River County to
Development Department establish areas at risk
Indian River County Parks Division Land use patterns in Indian River County to
establish areas at risk
Indian River County Fire Department - Fire Land use patterns in Indian River County to
Prevention Plan Review and Inspection establish areas at risk and cumint or
Indian River County Wildland Fire in -place protective measures
Mitigation Plan Risk maps and wildland fire his ory
Wildland Fire Magazine Database Wildland fire statistics
Drought
National Weather Service Climate data/drought prediction
National Climate Data Center - online
database Climate data
U . S . G . S historical and real time data on
water resources of south Florida Water resources
U . S . Department of Agriculture - County Historical data on droughts and I he
+�„rr Extension Agents economic impacts to local agriculture
Florida Citrus Commission Economic losses to the citrus industry from
droughts
Florida Department of Citrus Economic losses to the citrus industry from
droughts and current irrigation to hnology
Florida Forest Protection Bureau Drought statistics
Florida Department of Environmental Environmental impacts of droughts to
Protection natural ecosystems
Florida Department of Agriculture & Agricultural losses due to drough s and
Consumer Services current irrigation technology
St. Johns River Water Management District Water allocations during drought onditions
Indian River County Agricultural Extension County specific economic losses from
Service drought and current economic vul ierability
Indian River County Parks Division Recreational resources impacted y
droughts
Impacts from droughts of the pota le water
Indian River County Utilities Department supplies and impacts in urban areas .
Water rationing plans
Impacts of, and water allotment plans
Municipal water utilities during times of droughts in cities . Water
rationing plans
Erosion (Beach and Waterways )
U . S . Army Corps of Engineers Indian River County beach erosion
statistics and beach restoration pr jects
D- 10
Table D . 1 , ( Continued ).
17� Source Data Type
Florida Department of Environmental
Protection — Bureau of Beaches and Critical erosion areas in Florid
Coastal Systems
Maintenance records for the In racoastal
Florida Inland Navigational District Waterway and other Indian River County
navigable waters
St. Johns Water Management District Canal maintenance and erosion
Indian River County Engineering Environmental problems associated with
Department erosion control and natural resources
threatened by erosion
Indian River County Engineering and Public
Works Departments Current erosion prevention mez sures
Indian River County Parks Division Current erosion prevention meE sures
Indian River County Municipalities Current erosion problems and prevention
measures
Sebastian Inlet District Information on beach erosion in and around
Sebastian Inlet
Agricultural Pests and Diseases
U . S . Forest Service Forest diseases and current
problem/preventative measures
U . S . Department of Agriculture - County Local agricultural pests and pot ntial exotic
Extension Agents threats
U . S . Customs Current programs to prevent intr duction of
agricultural pests and diseases
Florida Farm Bureau Economic losses due to�agriculft ral pests
and diseases
Florida Citrus Commission Citrus losses due to agricultural pests and
diseases
Florida Forest Protection Bureau Forest diseases and current
problem/preventative measures
Florida State University Agricultural research and pest co trot
Florida Atlantic University Agricultural research and pest co trot
University of Florida Agricultural research and pest co trot
University of Miami Agricultural research and pest co trot
Florida Department of Environmental Environmental resources at risk and
Protection environmental consequences of current or
proposed control measures
Florida Department of Agriculture & Economic losses from agricultural pests
Consumer Services and diseases and current control
technology
Indian River County Agricultural Extension Economic losses and current contof
Service programs
Indian River County Parks Division Pest control programs on public la ds
D- 11
Table D . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Source Data Type
Seismic Hazards (Sinkholes , Tidal Waves , and Other Geologic Hazards )
U . S . Geological Survey Geologic structure and seismic risk
Florida Geological Society Geologic structure and soil characteristics
Technological/Manmade Hazards - Hazards due to accidents involving man-made
facilities or functions
Radiological Hazards
U . S . Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nuclear power plant regulation , accident
statistics „ and emergency procedures
Federal Emergency Management Agency Nuclear power plant accident s atistics and
emergency procedures
National Emergency Management Agency Nuclear power plant and radiological
emergency management procedures
Florida Division of Emergency Nuclear power plant and radiological
Management emergency management procedures
Florida Emergency Preparedness Radiological emergency manag ment
Association procedures
State and Local Emergency Data Users Radiological accident management
Group Database database
Florida Power and Light Emergency Plan Industry emergency manageme t plans
err Indian River County Emergency Services -
Emergency Management Comprehensive Local radiological emergency management
Emergency Management Plan (CEMP ) Plan
Hospital Plans - Both Radiological
Materials Disposal ( Hazardous Waste ) and Local radiological emergency pl4ans and
Mass Radiation Casualties or Nuclear safeguards
Accident Plans
Hazardous Material
Federal Emergency Management Agency Hazardous material emergency
management guidelines
National Transportation Safety Board Hazardous material transport re ulation ,
spill cleanup procedures , and sp II statistics
Occupational Safety and Health Agency Hazardous material handling req jirements
U . S . Environmental Protection Agency List of hazardous materials
Hazardous Chemicals Database (online ) Hazardous materials data
Material Safety Data Sheets (online) Specific chemical facts
State Emergency Response Commission
(SERC ) Emergency Plan for Hazardous Spill response procedures
Materials
Florida District and Local Emergency
Planning Committee ( LEPC ) Emergency Local sources and emergency
Plan for Hazardous Materials management plans (vulnerabilitie )
D- 12
Table D . 1 . (Continued ) .
Source Data Type
Facilities Database for Users of Extremely
Hazardous Substances ( EHS ) and Geo-referenced local database of users
Hazardous Materials
Florida Division of Emergency Methodology for handling haz rdous
Management material releases
Florida Emergency Preparedness Methodology for handling haz rdous
Association material releases
Highway spill data for hazardo s material
Florida Department of Transportation spill data . Methodology for handling
hazardous material releases
State and Local Emergency Data Users Spill and release of hazardous materials
Group Database statistics
Hazardous material emergency plans and
Florida Fire Chief' s Association containment procedures . Spill/ release
statistics
Indian River County Emergency Services Methodology for handling haza dous
material releases
Indian River County Fire Department Methodology for handling hazardous
material releases
Municipal Fire and Police Departments Methodology for handling hazardous
"' material releases
Methodology for handling hazardous
Indian River County Health Department material releases and emergency treatment
procedures
Identified Users of EHS Emergency Plans Industry control and emergency
management plans for hazardous material
Local Gasoline and Natural Gas Location of critical facilities/infra tructure
Companies elements
Transportation System Accidents
Federal Aeronautical Administration Aircraft accident statistics and a rport safety
procedures
National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft accident statistics
Boating/shipping accidents (including oil
U . S . Coast Guard and hazardous materials releases ) and spill
containment procedures
Florida Department of Transportation - Truck accidents ( including oil an
Motor Carrier Compliance Division hazardous materials releases )
Florida Highway Patrol Truck accidents ( including oil an
hazardous materials releases )
Boating/shipping accidents (including oil
Florida Marine Patrol and hazardous materials releases ) and spill
containment procedures
D- 13
Table D . 1 . (Continued ) .
Source Data Type
Indian River County Airports Administration Aircraft accident statistics and airport safety
procedures
Boating/shipping accidents ( including oil
Indian River County Sheriffs Department - and hazardous materials releases ) , spill
Marine Unit and Environmental Crimes Unit containment procedures , and
environmental crimes statistics
Railway accident statistics ( inc uding oil
Florida East Coast Railway and hazardous materials releases ) , and
safety procedures
Railway accident statistics ( including oil
CSX Rail and hazardous materials releases ) , and
safety procedures
Indian River County Fire Department and Accident statistics involving inj ries in
Emergency Medical Services Indian River County
Municipal police and fire departments Accident statistics involving injuries in the
cities
r
/Communications/Computer Grid System Failures
ngton Post Article 2003 Northeast Power Failure
Power & Light Emergency
ement Plans and Historical Historical data and emergency
"' se management plans
mBell Emergency Management Historical data and emergency
nd Historical Database management plans
r and Satellite Communication Historical data and emergency
nies management plans
nking Industry ( Large Area
ks - LANs Protection and Historical data and emergency
Emergency Restoration Plans , as well as management plans
historical data on system failures )
Societal Hazards - Hazards arising from disruptions in normal government and community
function
Civil Disturbance
Federal Bureau of Investigation Database Historical data
National Security Council Database Historical data and risk an
Drug Enforcement Agency Database Historical data
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Database Historical data
U . S . Customs Service Historical data
U . S . Census Database Population demographics
Florida Department of Law Enforcement Historical data and situation plan
Florida Department of Health Education
and Welfare Historical data
Indian River County Sheriff' s Department Historical data and situation plan
D- 14
Table D . 1 . ( Continued ) .
Source Data Type
Municipal Police Departments Historical data and situation p ans
Indian River County Emergency Medical
Services Historical data and situation plans
Terrorism and Sabotage
National Conference of State Legislators Economic data for September 11th
Federal Bureau of Investigation Database Historical data , situation plans and risk
analysis
National Security Council Database Historical data , situation plans and risk
analysis
Drug Enforcement Agency Database Historical data
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Database Historical data and preventative measures
U . S . Census Database Population demographics
American Society for Industrial Security Risk analysis techniques and tabase
Florida Department of Law Enforcement Historical data , situation plans , and risk
analysis
Florida Department of Health Education
and Welfare Population demographics
Indian River County Sheriffs Department Historical data , situation plans , and risk
analysis
Municipal Police Departments Historical data , situation plans , and risk
analysis
Indian River County Public Safety
Department, Emergency Medical Services Historical data on injuries
Division
Mass Immigration
U . S . Coast Guard Historical data and situation plans
Immigration and Naturalization Service Historical data , situation plans , and risk
analysis
Florida Marine Patrol Situation plans and interagency
coordination
Florida Department of Law Enforcement Historical data , situation plans , risk
Florida Department of Health Education analysis , and interagency coordination
and Welfare Population demographics
Indian River County Sheriffs Department Historical data , situation plans , ri k
analysis , and interagency coordir ation
Municipal Police Departments Historical data , situation plans , risk
analysis , and interagency coordir ation
Indian River County Emergency Services Situation plans and interagency
coordination
D- 15
`„► Table D . 1 . (Continued ) .
Source Data Type
Indian River County Emergency Medical
Services Historical data and medical ri k analysis
Other Hazards - Crime , Drug Abuse , Economic Crises , Communicable Diseases
Federal Bureau of Investigation Database Historical data
National Security Council Database Historical data
Drug Enforcement Agency Database Historical data
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Database Historical data
U . S . Census Database Population demographics
U . S . Public Health Service - Center for
Communicable Disease Disease risk
Florida Department of Law Enforcement Historical data
Florida Department of Health Education
and Welfare Historical data
Florida Department of Labor Historical data
Indian River County Sheriffs Department Historical data
Municipal Police Departments Historical data
Indian River County Emergency Services Historical data
1%W Indian River County Emergency Medical
Services Historical data
Indian River County Health Department Historical data
'err
D- 16
Now'
APPENDIX E
PARTICIPATION DOCUMENTATION
ra.•
E - 1
E . 1 BACKGROUND
The ever- increasing time and cost associated with responding to and recovering
from disasters has prompted a shift towards planning for disasters before they strike . This
shift towards pre-disaster mitigation planning is evident in the Federal Emerger cy
Management Agency' s ( FEMA's) development of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
( DMA2K) . DMA2K requires that local jurisdictions have a natural hazard mitigation plan in
place in order to be eligible for hazard mitigation grant funds as well as some post-disaster
assistance programs . The development of DMA2K has created a number of nEsw natural
hazard planning responsibilities for both local and State jurisdictions , including
responsibilities for identifying hazards , completing risk assessments , and invo Ivring citizens .
With the focus of the requirements being on the process rather than the product , citizen
involvement has become a vital component of the mitigation planning process see
Table E . 1 ) .
Table E . 1 . Language of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 .
Citizen Involvement Requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
Planning Process . An open public involvement process is essential to the development of
an effective plan . In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to red Ging the
effects of natural disasters , the planning process shall include
1 . An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior
to plan approval .
NNW 2 . An opportunity for neighboring communities , local and regional agencies involved in
hazard mitigation activities , and agencies that have the authority to regulate
development , as well as businesses , academia , and other private and non - profit
interests to be involved in the planning process .
Source : National Archives and Records Administration . 2002 . Federal Emergency Management
Agency 44 CFR Parts 201 and 206 Hazard Mitigation Planning and Hazard Mitigation Grant Program ;
Interim Final Rule in Federal Register .
This Appendix documents the steps taken to include various stakeh Ider groups
and the public in general in the LMS planning process .
E .2 WORKING GROUP MEETINGS
The main method of involving jurisdictions , community organization ,
stakeholders , and the public in the LMS planning process was through the Working Group .
Individuals and organizations with directives or programs supporting mitigation were invited
to become involved in the Working Group . The groups listed below were invited to join the
Working Group :
• Comcast Cable Indian River Community
Communications College
• Sebastian River Chamber Indian River County
of Commerce Department of Emergency
• Gifford Progressive League Services
• Indian River Citrus League
E-2
• Town of Indian River Florida Power & Light
Shores Public Safety Treasure Coast Regional
• City of Sebastian Planning Council
• Town of Orchid Indian River County
• City of Vero Beach Chamber of Commerce
• St . Johns Water American Rec Cross
Management District Indian River County School
• Indian River County District
Sheriff' s Office Indian River County
• Indian River County Community Development
Building Division Department
• Indian River Planning National Association for the
Division Advancement of Colored
• City of Fellsmere People
• BellSouth Indian River County Public
Telecommunications Works
The Indian River County LMS Working Group met a total of four times throughout
the planning process . Each meeting ' s invitation process and outcome are described below .
E .2 . 1 Meeting # 1
The first meeting of the Working Group was held on 1 October 200 at the Indian
River County Administration Building and served as a kick-off meeting for the L MS update
process . Letters of invitation were mailed to those identified as being key stakeholders in
mitigation hazards in Indian River County . Two sets of letters were used : one ior those who
had already participated in LMS efforts in the past, and one for newcomers tot a LMS
planning process . Organizations in attendance included
• Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council
Indian River County Emergency Services
• American Red Cross
• Gifford Front Porch/ Progressive Civic League
• Florida Power & Light
• Indian River County Planning Division
• Indian River County Sheriff' s Office
• NAACP
• Comcast Communications
• City of Vero Beach
• Indian River County Building Division
• Sebastian River Chamber of Commerce
• Indian River County Community Development Department
The focus of this meeting was to go over the new requirements of t e Disaster
Mitigation Act of 2000 and go over the tasks to be completed . The letter of invitation ,
agenda , sign - in sheet, and minutes from this meeting can be found attached tc this
Appendix .
EZ2 Meeting #2
The second meeting of the Working Group took place on 15 January 2004 at the
Indian River County Administration Building . Working Group members were notified of the
*4W meeting through mailed communication including an invitation letter and agenda . The
following organizations were in attendance :
E-3
• Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council
• Indian River County Emergency Services
• Comcast Communications
• Indian River County Sheriff' s Office
• Florida Power and Light
• Indian River County Public Works
• Indian River County Planning Division
• BellSouth Telecommunications
The focus of the meeting was to discuss the participation process , identify
issues , and discuss data needs . The letter of invitation , agenda , sign - in sheet , and minutes
from this meeting can be found attached to this Appendix.
EZ3 Meeting #3
The third meeting of the Working Group was held on 26 February 2004 at the
Indian River County Administration Building . Working Group members were notified of the
meeting through e- mail reminders . The following organizations were in attendance :
• Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council
• Florida Division of Forestry
• Indian River County Emergency Services
• Town of Fellsmere
• Indian River County Sheriff's Office
• City of Vero Beach
• St . Johns River Water Management District
The focus of this meeting was to discuss the identified issues and needs , review
the hazard exposure based on new MEMPHIS data , and review the Project Pri ritization List
and implementation strategy . The letter of invitation , agenda , and sign - in sheet from this
meeting can be found attached to this Appendix .
EZ4 Meeting #4
The fourth meeting of the Working Group was held on 25 March 2004 at the
Indian River County Administration Building . Working Group members were notified of the
meeting through e- mail reminders . The following organizations were in attendance :
• Indian River County Emergency Services
• BellSouth
Town of Indian River Shores
• Red Cross
• Florida Division of Forestry
• Indian River County Fire Department
Indian River County Building Department
• Indian River County Planning Division
• Comcast
• Town of Orchid
• Indian River County Sheriff' s Office
The focus of this meeting was to discuss project prioritization methodology and
the LMS implementation strategy . The letter of invitation , agenda , and sign - insheet from
this meeting can be found attached to this Appendix .
E -4
,,. E .2 . 5 Meeting #5
The fifth meeting of the Working Group was held on 24 August 20OZ at the Indian
River County Administration Building . The public was invited to attend the meeting and
provide comment on the final draft of the plan . The public was notified of the meeting via
the Indian River County Department of Emergency Services website . Working Group
members were notified of the meeting through e-mail reminders . The following
organizations were in attendance :
• Indian River County Emergency Services
• Red Cross
• Indian River County Fire Department
• Indian River County Planning Division
• Comcast
• Town of Orchid
Indian River County Sheriff's Office
• St . Johns River Water Management District
• Gifford Front Porch
The focus of this meeting was to review the final draft of the LMS pIce n . No
citizens attended the meeting . The letter of invitation , agenda , and sign - in sheE t from this
meeting can be found attached to this Appendix.
E - 5
9-3
AON%k
S1N3WHOVII d
October 10 , 2003
(( Name )) , (( JobTitle ))
« Company »
((Address1 ))
((Address2 ))
(( City )) , « State » ((Zip)
Dear (( Salutation )) :
To meet federal requirements , the Local Mitigation Working Group is being reconvened to u date Indian
River County's Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS) . Your agency's participation in the past was invaluable,
and we would like you to again participate in this important planning process. The coordina ion and plan
development of this update process will be accomplished through an agreement between th m., Treasure
Coast Regional Planning Council and the Department of Community Affairs.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA) has developed criteria for updating our LMS to be
in compliance with the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 ( DMA2K) . The new regulations require that
each county , city or town have an approved natural hazard mitigation plan in order to be eligible for post-
disaster public financial assistance in the event of a presidential disaster declaration as well as other
ongoing FEMA hazard mitigation grants.
The update process will require attendance to LMS meetings on an "as-needed " basis . The next LMS
meeting has been scheduled for Tuesday , November 18 , 2003 , in Conference Room "A" oft the Indian
River County Administration Building , from 2 : 30 p . m . to 4: 30 p. m. If you will be unable to full-III the
obligation of this mitigation planning process , please send a nominee from your agency who will be
formally voted in by the group.
If you have any questions , please contact Etta LoPresti at (772) 567-8000 , Ext. 1523 .
Sincerely ,
John King
LMS Chairman
Emergency Services Director
Cc: Nathan McCollum , Emergency Management Coordinator
'•wr
E -7
'fir►
October 23, 2003
« Name » , «JobTitle »
(( Company)>
cAddressl »
«Address2 »
(( City )) , «State » (( Zip)
Dear « Salutation » :
On behalf of the Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS) Working GrOL p , I would
like to invite your organization to become involved as a member of our group durinc the plan
update process. The Working Group's role is to advise and assist in the development and
implementation of the LMS - a hazard mitigation plan to reduce the effects of naturoc I disasters .
Your participation on the Working Group will help to :
• Reduce loss of life , property, essential services , critical facilities , and economic hardship;
• Reduce short-term and long-term recovery and reconstruction costs ;
• Increase cooperation and communication within Indian River County through the
planning process ;
• Expedite pre-disaster and post-disaster grant funding ;
• Foster disaster resilience ;
• Enhance environmental quality;
• Increase economic vitality ; and ,
• Advance the quality of life in Indian River County .
The update process will require attendance to LMS meetings on an " as-needed" basis , The
next LMS meeting has been scheduled for Tuesday , November 18 , 2003 , in Conference Room
"A" of the Indian River County Administration Building ( 1840 25�' Street, Vero Beach ) , from 2 : 30
p. m . to 4 : 30 p . m . I hope to see you or a representative of your agency there .
If you have any questions , please contact Etta LoPresti at (772) 567-8000, Ext . 1523 .
Sincerely ,
John King
LMS Chairman
Emergency Services Director
Cc: Nathan McCollum , Emergency Management Coordinator
E -8
INDIAN RIVER COUNTY , FLORIDA
MEMORANDUM
TO : Nathan McCollum , Emergency Management Coordinator
Brian Burkeen , EMS Division Chief
Ernie McCloud , Fire Chief
Etta LoPresti , Emergency Management Planner
Bob Keating , Community Development Department Director
Stan Boling , Planning Division Director
Wayne Russ , Building Division Director
FROM : JOHN KING , LMS CHAIRMAN
DIRECTOR , DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY SERVICES
DATE : October 10 , 2003
SUBJECT : LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY WORKING GROUP
To meet federal requirements , the Local Mitigation Working Group is being reconvened
to update Indian River County's Local Mitigation Strategy ( LMS) . Your agency' s
participation in the past was invaluable , and we would like you to again partiipate in
%W this important planning process . The coordination and plan development of his update
process will be accomplished through an agreement between the Treasure Coast
Regional Planning Council and the Department of Community Affairs .
The Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA) has developed criteria for
updating our LMS to be in compliance with the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
( DMA2K) . The new regulations require that each county , city or town have an
approved natural hazard mitigation plan in order to be eligible for post-disas# r public
financial assistance in the event of a presidential disaster declaration as well as other
ongoing FEMA hazard mitigation grants .
The update process will require attendance to LMS meetings on an "as- nee ed " basis .
The next LMS meeting has been scheduled for Tuesday , November 18 , 200 , in
Conference Room "A" of the Indian River County Administration Building , fro n 2 : 30
p . m . to 4 : 30 p . m . If you will be - unable to fulfill the obligation of this mitigatior planning
process , please send a nominee from your agency who will be formally votec in by the
group .
If you have any questions , please contact Etta LoPresti at (772) 567-80001 E xt. 1523 .
E -9
LMS Working Group
Directory
September 26 , 2003
John King , Director Brian Burkeen , EMS Chief
Indian River County Indian River County
Dept . of Emergency Services Dept . of Emergency Service
1840 25th Street EMS Division
Vero Beach , FL , 32960 1840 25th Street
(772) 567-8000 , Ext. 1225 Vero Beach , FL , 32960
jking@ircgov . com (772) 567-8000 , Ext . 217
(772) 567-9323 bburkeen@ircgov . com
Nathan McCollum , (772 ) 567-9323
Emergency Management Coordinator Brian Nolan , Fire Inspector
Indian River County Indian River Shores Public Safety
Dept. of Emergency Services 6001 N A1A
Emergency Management Division Vero Beach , FL , 32963
1840 25th Street (772 ) 231 -2451
Vero Beach , FL , 32960
(772) 567-8000 , Ext , 1289 Terry Hill , Public Works Director
nmccollum@ircgov . com City of Sebastian
(772) 567-9323 1255 Main Street
Sebastian , FL , 32958
Etta LoPresti , (772) 589-5330
Emergency Management Planner
Indian River County Town of Orchid
Dept. of Emergency Services 10 Orchid Island Drive
Emergency Management Division Vero Beach , FL , 32963
1840 25th Street (772) 589-6100
Vero Beach , FL , 32960
(772 ) 567-8000 , Ext . 1523 Mark Satterlee , Assistant Planning Director
elopresti@ircgov . com City of Vero Beach
(772 ) 567-9323 Planning Department
P . O . Box 1389
Ernie McCloud , Fire Chief Vero Beach , FL , 32961
Indian River County (772) 9784550
Dept . of Emergency Services
Fire Division Marguerita Engel ,
1500 Old Dixie Highway Inter Governmental Coordina or
Vero Beach , FL , 32960 St. John 's Water Mgt . District
(772) 567-2028 525 Community College Pkwy SE
emccloud@ircgov . com Palm Bay , FL , 32909-2213
(772) 770- 5117 (407) 676-6606
F%
E - 10
Bill Brunner, Undersheriff Penny Chandler, Executive Director
idian River County Sheriffs Office Chamber of Commerce
"04055 41 st Avenue Indian River County
Vero Beach , FL , 32960- 1808 1216 21st Street
(772) 978-6404 Vero Beach , FL , 32960
Wayne Russ , Building Director (772) 567-3491
Indian River County Frank Hoover, Disaster Specialist
Building Division American Red Cross
1840 25th Street Indian River County Chapter
Vero Beach , FL , 32960 2506 17th Avenue
(772 ) 567-8000 , Ext. 1265 Vero Beach , FL , 32960
Bob Keating , Director (772) 562-2549
Indian River County John Fontana , Executive Director of Facilities
Community Development Department Indian River County School District
1840 25th Street 1990 25th Street
Vero Beach , FL , 32960 Vero Beach , FL , 32960
(772 ) 567-8000 , Ext. 1254 (772) 564-5011
Stan Boling , Director
Indian River County
Planning Division
1840 25th Street
1% sero Beach , FL , 32960
(772) 567-8000 , Ext, 1253
City of Fellsmere
21 S . Cypress Street
Fellsmere , FL , 32948-674
(772 ) 571 -9077
Andy Feeney , Regional Manager
BellSouth Telecommunications , Inc.
701 Northpoint Parkway
Suite 410
West Palm Beach , FL , 33401
(561 ) 640-8384
Thomas Kunz ,
Florida Power & Light
9001 Ellis Road
W. Melbourne , FL , 32904- 1056
(407) 7264946
tom.c.kunz@fpl . com
E - 11
Potential LMS Members
Invited to Attend Meeting Dated November 18 , 2003
Joni Kinsley , Vice President and General Mgr.
Comcast Cable Communications, Inc.
940 12th Street
Vero Beach , FL, 32960
( 772) 567-3473
Joni_Kinsley@cable . comcast. com
(772) 778-9635
Beth Mitchell , Executive Director
Sebastian River Chamber of Commerce
700 Main Street
Sebastian , FL, 32958
(772 ) 589-5969
Freddie Woolfork,
Gifford Progressive League
4875 43rd Avenue
Vero Beach , FL , 32967
(772 ) 794- 1005
Douglas Bournique, Executive Vice President
Indian River Citrus League
P. O . Box 690007
Vero Beach , FL , 32969
(772) 562-2728
Dave Sullivan , Provost
Indian River Community College
Mueller Campus
6155 College Lane
Vero Beach , FL , 32966
(772 ) 569-0333
E - 12
AGENDA
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25 `h Street
Vero Beach, FL 32960
November 18, 2003
2 : 30 p.m.— 4 : 30 p.m.
1 . Welcome, Introductions and Steering Committee Purpose 2: 30 p m
John King, LMS Chairman
Indian River County Emergency Services
2 . FEMA 's Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
2. 40 p. m.
Link Walther
Continental SheyAssociates, Inc.
3 . LMS Project Update Tasks 3 : 05 pm
Krista Mitchell
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
4. Indian River County Participation Process 3: ! p m
Krista Mitchell
S . Additional Stakeholder Identification 3: 3 p m
Link Walther
6. Data Needs 4. ! p m
Krista Mitchell
7 . Set Next Meeting Date & Assignments 4:2 p m
S. Adjournment 4: 3 p. m.
`%w
E - 13
SIGN4 SHEET
Meeting : Indian River County
Local Mitigation Strategies int ng Peffm+iiffee
Date/Time : 19 , ;2 (303 ;2 : 30 Am
Location : C ON F . Rodry A PERT • br eH& 5tNc Y 6SOWCC- S
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SIGN- SHEET
Meeting : Indian .River County U40 #% K1NC GRoaP
Local Mitigation Strategies �3eexiu
Date/Time : wou , 18 2 : 3 o Q. o
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Meeting Summary
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25t' Street
Vero Beach, FL 32960
November 18 , 2003
2 : 30 p .m.— 4 : 30 p .m .
Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Chair John King began the meeting with a brie
introduction to the mitigation planning process and the consulting team from Coi itinental
Shelf Assoc . , Inc that will be facilitating the LMS update process . Nathan McCo lum
initiated a voting process to add five new members to the Working Group . Then w
members include Comcast, the Chamber of Commerce, the Gifford Progressive League,
the Indian River Citrus League, and Indian River Community College. The existing
Working Group approved these additions to the Working Group.
Link Walther of Continental Shelf Assoc . , Inc presented information to the
group
regarding the new federal mitigation planning requirements, the Disaster Mitigation Act
of 2000 (DMA2K) . The following is an excerpt from a Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) DMA2K guidance document . iD
In the past, federal legislation has provided funding for disaster relief, recovery
and some hazard mitigation planning . The Disaster Mitigation Act of 200
(DMA2K) is the latest legislation to improve this planning process and was put
into motion on October 10, 2000, when the President signed the Act (Public Law
106-390) . The new legislation reinforc4s the importance of mitigation plaitning
and emphasizes planning for disasters before they occur. As such, this Act
established a pre -disaster hazard mitigation program and new requirements for the
national post-disaster Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) .
Section 322 of the Act specifically addresses mitigation planning at the state and
local levels . It identifies new requirements that allow HMGP funds to be used for
planning activities, and increases the amount of HMGP funds available to states
;fir that have developed a comprehensive, enhanced mitigation plan prior to a
E- 16
disaster. States and communities must have an approved mitigation plan in place
,%W prior to receiving post-disaster HMGP funds . Local and tribal mitigation plans
must demonstrate that their proposed mitigation measures are based on a sound
planning process that accounts for the risk to and the capabilities of the hidividual
communities .
State governments have certain responsibilities for implementing Sectior 322 ,
including :
• Preparing and submitting a standard or enhanced state mitigation plan;
• Reviewing and updating the state mitigation plan every three years ;
• Providing technical assistance and training to local governments to assist
them in applying for HMGP grants and in developing local mitigation
plans; and
• Reviewing and approving local plans if the state is designated a
managing state and has an approved enhanced plan.
DMA2K is intended to facilitate cooperation between state and local authorities ,
prompting them to work together. It encourages and rewards local and state pre-
disaster planning and promotes sustainability as a strategy for disaster resistance.
This enhanced planning network will better enable local and state govern ents to
articulate accurate needs for mitigation, resulting in faster allocation of funding
and more effective risk reduction projects .
' To implement the new DMA2K requirements, FEMA prepared an Interim Final
Rule, published in the Federal Register on February 26 , 2002 , at 44 CFR arts
201 and 206, which establishes planning and funding criteria for states and local
communities .
Mr. Walther also discussed the benefits of integrating natural hazard planning an
comprehensive planning . These benefits include reducing a community ' s vulnerability to
hazards, stimulating pre and post disaster decision making, forming public and private
partnerships, increasing potential funding opportunities, and speeding recovery time .
Krista Mitchell of Continental Shelf Assoc . , Inc presented information on the Co ty ' s
past hazard impacts, the upcoming tasks, the participation process , and data needs . The
following are the estimated property exposures for various water-related hazards within
the county according to the original LMS . Any development that has taken place since
1999 in areas subject to riverine or coastal flooding or storm surges associated with
tropical storms or hurricanes will increase the exposure values below.
Hazard Exposure
Flood $3445946 ,280
Tropical Storm $ 699 , 9319922
Category 1 Hurricane $ 11721 , 9941035
Category 2 Hurricane $3 , 131 , 827 , 104
E - 17
Category 3 Hurricane $4, 970 , 858 , 251
Category 4 Hurricane $7,245 ,962 , 096
Category 5 Hurricane $ 10,230 ,271 , 890
The following are the tasks to be completed over the course of the LMS update process .
1 . Describe the planning process;
2 . Document community, citizen, and organizational participation;
3 . Review existing plans, studies, and technical information;
4 . Identify the hazards ;
5 . Assess vulnerability by jurisdiction ;
6 . Assess the risks ;
7 . Describe existing and future land use ;
8 . Develop a mitigation strategy;
9 . Review current project prioritization list ; and
10 . Describe the monitoring, evaluation and updating process .
CSA is asking for the Working Group ' s assistance in completing Task 3 . A Hazard data
sheet was distributed during the meeting . This form will help to identify natural hazard
resources that already exist within the community . The data sheet asks for inforination
about plans, reports , programs, and damage assessments among others. Please take the
time to fill out this document and return it to CSA by Wednesday December 10, 2003 . If
you have any questions, feel free to contact either Link Walther or Krista Mitchell at 561 -
746-7946 . Electronic copies of the document can also be requested at this number.
The Indian River County LMS participation process involves a three tiered approach
including a Working Group, which serves as the advisory body, community stakeholders,
and citizens . The Working Group will be responsible for approving the draft and final
LMS document and will also provide information and guidance during the planning
process . Community stakeholder groups can participate in the process by attendi ag
Working Group meetings, providing input and technical information to the planring
process, and disseminating information to others within the stakeholder' s organ tion.
Citizens can participate by commenting on the draft and final versions of the LN S or
attending noticed public meetings .
The next steps in the process are to complete the hazard identification data sheets so that
Institutional Analysis can be completed . The Institutional Analysis looks at the current
resources the community has to reduce risks from natural hazards . During the next
meeting, the Working Group will be identifying issues related to natural hazards within
the community .
Several issues were raised by Working Group members during the meeting . The
following is a list of the issues identified :
• Outdated Flood Insurance Rate Maps (30+ years old)
• Outdated Hurricane Surge Zone Maps
�r
E - 18
• Maintenance of canals and ditches in Gifford
,t • Gifford hurricane evacuation awareness
• Current beach renourishment project may have addressed some of the
beach erosion issues in the county
The next Working Group meeting will be held on Thursday, January 15, 2004 from
10 : 30 — 12 : 30 in the Indian River County Conference Room A .
The following is a list of those in attendance :
• Terry Hess, Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council
• Nathan McCollum, Indian River County Emergency Management
• Marguerita Engel , Saint John ' s River Water Management District
• John King , Indian River County Emergency Services
• Brian Burkeen, Indian River County Emergency Services
• Frank Hoover, American Red Cross
• Angelia Perry, Gifford Front Porch
• Tom Kunz, Florida Power and Light
• Roland DeBlois, Indian River County Planning
• Bill Brunner, Indian River County Sheriffs Office
• Victor Hart, NAACP
• A . J. Harris, Progressive Civic League
• Freddie Woolfork, Progressive Civic League
• ' • Stan Boling , Indian River County Planning
• Rick Rogers, Comcast
• Mary Bagley McKinney , Gifford Front Porch
• Mark Satterlee, City of Vero Beach
• Buddy Akins , Indian River County Building
• Lincoln Walther, Continental Shelf Assoc. ,Inc
• Krista Mitchell, Continental Shelf Assoc . ,Inc
• Bob Keating, Indian River County Community Development
• Beth Mitchell, Sebastian River Chamber of Commerce
• Etta LoPresti , Indian River County Emergency Services
E - 19
AGENDA
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25h Street
Vero Beach, FL 32960
January 15th, 2003
10 : 30 a.m. — 12 : 30 p . m.
1 . Welcome and Introductions 1 : 30 a. m.
John King
Indian River County Department of Emergency Services
2 . Issue Identification Background 10:40 a. m.
Link Walther
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
3 . Issue Identification Activity 1 : 55 a. m.
Link Walther / Krista Mitchell
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
4, Working Group Assignment 11 45 a. m.
Krista Mitchell
5 . Set Next Meeting Date & Assignments 11 55 a. m.
John King
6, Adjournment 12 . 00 p. m.
'err
E-20
Minutes
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
January 15th , 2003
10 : 30 a . m . — 12 : 00 p . m .
The focus of this LMS meeting was on identifying issues related to disasters in an effort
to better tie mitigation activities and projects to the identified needs in the community .
The importance of the " Rational Nexus" was discussed . This is the idea that th projects
that are identified in this LMS process should be tied directly to the hazards identified in
the plan as well as the issues and problems identified in the plan . The following issues
were identified by the Working Group during the meeting :
• Trade off between flood protection and water quality ;
• Public infrastructure at risk from flooding ;
• Connections between County and St. Johns River Water Management District's
Stormwater Management Plans ;
• Catastrophic events surpass what is planned for in current stormwater management
plans ;
" ✓ • Bridges and transportation facilities are built to withstand a typical 100 yearstorm ;
• The Town of Orchid is not a participant in the CRS program ;
• Coordination between government entities and private developments and,
homeowner associations ;
• Only the County and Sebastian have pre-arranged contracts for debris removal
following an event;
• Linkage between the County and municipal Emergency Management Plans ;
• Law Enforcement needs an upgraded firing range for training exercises ;
• Including additional utility providers a place at the Emergency Operations Center;
• Need to revisit emergency plans and operations with various county and municipal
entities ;
• Public awareness about livestock relocation ; and
• Public awareness about including safe room construction into new developments ,
E -21
Additional information about actions that the County has taken was also discus led . The
following is a brief description of those actions .
• The County is currently working on the Stormwater Master Plan ;
• New developments in the County are required to hold back water;
• The St . John 's River Water Management District manages a Stormwa er
Master Plan for eastern portions of the County ;
• The County has a pre-arranged contract with a debris removal service
Sebastian does as well . Other municipalities can " piggyback" on those
contracts ;
• The Fairgrounds , Little League fields , and playground have been designated as
debris staging areas ;
• New Department of Homeland Security Directive has included Emergency
Management , Public Works and Health department functions in the description
of "first responders ; "
• Developments of Regional Impact must provide hurricane shelter spaca. within
the community or must make a safe space within each residence ;
• Every year, the County conducts a hurricane drill and a nuclear power Dlant
accident drill ; and
• The County conducts conference calls with municipal agencies to discuss
emergency management procedures .
Update on the Working Group assignments: the following groups have returned he
datasheets given out at the kick-off meeting : Sheriff's Office , American Red Cro s , and
the Planning Department . Please return your data sheet by Monday, February 2 , 2004 .
New Working Group assignments: Issue identification forms were handed out during this
meeting . Please identify any issue related to natural , technological , societal hazards as
well as issues that apply to all-hazard . The issue identification forms should be
completed and returned by Monday , February 2 , 2004
If you would like to request electronic copies of either of the assignments contact either
Etta Lopresti or Krista Mitchell . Assignments can also be returned via the contacl
information listed below .
If you would like to contribute issues , problems , or needs related to disaster
preparedness in Indian River County , please contact either Etta Lopresti or Krist
Mitchell at the telephone numbers or email addresses listed below.
Etta Lopresti Krista Mitchell
Department of Emergency Services Continental Shelf Assoc. , nc
Elopresti@ircgov . com kmitchell@conshelf. com
E -22
Phone — 772-567-8000 ext. 523 Phone — 561 -746-7946
Fax — 772-567-9323 Fax — 561 -747-2954
The next meeting of the Indian River County LMS Working Group will be :
Thursday , February 26 , 2004
2 : 00 p. m . — 4 : 00 p. m .
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25" Street
Vero Beach , FL 32960
The following individuals were in attendance :
Terry Hess , Treasure Brian Burkeen , IRC EMS Michael Brooks , Bill Brunner, Sheriffs
Coast Regional Planning Comcast Office
Council
David Jaubiak, Town of Tom Kunz, Florida Etta LoPresti , IRC Jim Davis , IR Public
Orchid Power & Light Emergency Works
Management
Roland Deblois , IRC Marilyn Johnson , Nathan McCollum , IRC Krista Mitchell
Planning BellSouth Emergency Continental Shelf
Management Assoc. , lnc
Lincoln Walther, John King , IRC
Continental Shelf Department of
Assoc. , lnc Emergency Services
E -23
SIGN4N nHEET
Meeting : Indian River County
Local Mitigation Strategies Working Group '
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Page 1 of 1
Mitchell , Krista
From : Etta LoPresti [ ELoPresti@ircgov . com]
Sent: Tuesday , March 02 , 2004 10 : 39 AM
To : Allen J . Duff ( E-mail ) ; Beth Mitchell ( E- mail) ; Bill Brunner ( E- mail) ; Bob Keating ; Brian Bu keen ( E- mail) ;
Brian Nolan ( E-mail) ; David Jakubiak ( E -mail) ; Ernie McCloud ; Frank Hoover ( E -mail ) ; Fr xddie L. Woolfork
( E-mail) ; Joe Spataro ( E-mail ) ; John Fontana ( E-mail) ; John King ( E-mail) ; Joni Kinsley ( E-mail ) ; Krista
Mitchell ( E-mail) ; Link Walther ( E -mail) ; Marguerita Engel ( E-mail) ; Marilyn Johnson ( E-rrail) ; Mark
Satterlee ( E-mail) ; Nathan McCollum ( E -mail ) ; Penny Chandler ( E-mail) ; Rick Rogers (E- ail ) ; Scott Taylor
( E-mail) ; Stan Boling ; Terry Hess ( E -mail) ; Terry Hill ( E-mail) ; Thomas Kunz ( E -mail ) ; Wayne Russ ( E - mail)
Subject: Feb LMS Minutes
Dear Working Group members :
Attached you will find meeting minutes for the Feb . 26 LMS Working Group meeting . You will also
find a draft Prioritization Methodology that was discussed at the meeting . I think you will find this
method of project prioritization much less cumbersome than the previous process . You are being
asked to rank the goals and hazards (for the county as a whole) on the form and return it to me by
Wednesday , March 10 . The finalization of this method will eliminate the need for a scoring
committee to score future proposed projects ( hooray ! ) ; a much easier process !
If you have any questions , don 't hesitate to call me at the number listed below . Thank you for your
participation .
Etta LoPresti , Emergency Management Planner
Indian River County
Dept. of Emergency Services
1840 25th Street
Vero Beach , FL 32960
( 772 ) 567-8000 , Ext. 1523
�Mrrr
E -25
3 /2/2004
Page 1 of 1
Mitchell , Krista
Rim
tirr From : Etta LoPresti (ELoPresti@ircgov . com]
Sent : Thursday , February 19 , 2004 4 : 57 PM
To : Bill Brunner ( E-mail) ; Bob Keating ; Brian Burkeen ( E- mail) ; Brian Nolan ( E -mail) ; David akubiak ( E- mail) ;
Ernie McCloud ; Frank Hoover ( E-mail) ; Freddie L . Woolfork ( E -mail) ; Joe Spataro ( E-mil) ; John Fontana
( E-mail); John King ( E- mail) ; Joni Kinsley ( E-mail) ; Krista Mitchell ( E- mail) ; Link Walther ( E -mail) ;
Marguerita Engel ( E-mail) ; Marilyn Johnson (E-mail) ; Mark Satterlee ( E -mail) ; Mayor Ro Dert Baker ( E-mail) ;
Nathan McCollum ( E-mail) ; Penny Chandler ( E-mail) ; Rick Rogers ( E-mail) ; Scott Taylo ( E-mail) ; Stan
Boling ; Terry Hess (E-mail ) ; Terry Hill ( E-mail) ; Thomas Kunz ( E -mail) ; Wayne Russ ( E - ail)
Subject: REMINDER
0
Dear LMS Working Group Members :
The next LMS meeting is scheduled for Thursday , Feb . 26 , 2004 from 2 : 00 p . m . - 4 00 p . m . in
Conference Room A of the Indian River County Administration Building . Hope to sE e you all there .
P . S . You can now find the LMS minutes/agendas on the web . Check out the follow ng website :
hftp : //www , irtgov , com/Boards/LMS/Index . htm
**A. f� oL�U �'Y,eb�iL
Etta LoPresti , Emergency Management Planner
Indian River County
Dept. of Emergency Services
1840 25th Street
Vero Beach , FL 32960
(772) 567-8000 , Ext. 1523
err
E -26
2/ 19/2004
AGENDA
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25 `h Street
Vero Beach, FL 32960
February 26, 2004
2 : 00 p. m.— 4 : 00 p . m .
1 . Welcome and Introductions 2: 0 p. m.
John King
Indian River County Emergency Services
'err 2 . Shelter/Class Size Amendment 2 10 p. m.
Nathan McCollum
Indian River County Emergency Services
3 , Identified Issue Review 2: S p. m. .
Link Walther
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
4, Indian River County Hazard Exposure 2: 0 p. m.
Krista Mitchell
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
5 . Mitigation Projects — Project Prioritization List 3: 90 p. m.
Link Walther
6 . Program Implementation 3 : 0p. m.
Link Walther
7 . Set Next Meeting Date & Assignments 3 : 50 p. in.
8 . Adjournment 4: 90p. m.
'�1rrr
E-27
SIGN _NHEET
Meeting : Indian River County
Local Mitigation Strategies Working Group
Date/Time : February 26, 2004 — 2 : 00 p. m .
Location : ItV D 64N RIdEn OuOrY A041ov e 154X & CCc*vF *q" A }
Name Job Title Employer Email Address
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f� SS `T l� �I2Ty ePRIE t6ebIg �tS� 66e ✓ leea cov0Y
MINUTES
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25h Street
Vero Beach, FL 32960
February 26, 2004
2 : 00 p .m.— 4 : 00 p . m .
Nathan McCollum of Indian River County Department of Emergency Services (DES)
discussed the implications of the Shelter/Class Size Amendment. With the exception of the
Sebastian Senior Center, the County is totally dependent upon its schools for primary
evacuation shelters. The class size amendment is negatively affecting emergency shelter
''�►' functions because schools are adding modular units instead of enlarging facilities. ese
new modular units can not be used as primary emergency shelters, because they dc not
meet the American Red Cross standards for shelters as described in ARC 4496 . Therefore,
no new shelter space is becoming available. Nathan further reported, that the recently
released, 2004 Statewide Emergency Shelter Plan prepared by the Florida Dep4rtment of
Community Affairs, Division of Emergency Management, found that Indian River County
had a shelter surplus of 721 spaces . The County disputes this finding. In 1994, the County
had a deficit and has not built any new shelters since 1994 . The Treasure Coast region has a
shelter deficit and therefore, all Counties within the region are treated as if they halre a
deficit as well .
Lincoln Walther of Continental Shelf Associates, Inc . (CSA, reviewed the issues that have
been identified through this LMS update process . A list of issues discussed was included in
the minutes for the meeting held on 15 January 2004 . The Class Size Amendment issue was
added to this list following this meeting.
Krista Mitchell of CSA reviewed new risk assessment data from The Arbiter of All Storms
(TAOS) model. This risk assessment model looks at total exposure, that is the total number
and value of structures within a certain risk category. For the flood hazard in the County,
there are approximately 18 , 000 structures in the 100-year floodplain valued at $2 .9 billion.
Nearly 30,000 people live within these floodprone areas as well . The County ' s co tal areas
can expect between a 4 and 9400t storm surge associated with a direct hit Category 1
hurricane. During a Category 3 storm , coastal areas of the county may experience between
7 and 15-foot surges while some inland areas may experience between a 1 and 6 foot surge .
\r. ► During a Category 5 event, coastal areas in the northern portion of the county may
E-29
experience a surge greater than 21 feet while other coastal areas may experience I ietween 4
and 18-foot surge and inland areas may have between 10 and 12 foot surge . Expo ure
*40W related to Category 2 events total nearly 10, 000 structures valued at $ 1 . 8 billion a - risk from
flooding. Wind associated with a Category 1 storm in Indian River County may i volve
winds in coastal areas reaching between 75 and 85 mph and in inland areas winds between
50 and 75 mph. For a Category 3 storm, a majority of the County would experience
between 95 and 115-mph winds . During a Category 5 storm, inland areas may experience
winds between 130 and 160 mph while coastal areas may see winds greater than 160 mph .
New construction in the County is subject to a higher standard building code, eith r 140 or
130 mph wind loads depending on the location of the structure . These new building codes,
however, are fairly new, so the majority of existing structures in the County were built prior
to the adoption of these stronger building codes. According to the TAOS model wildfire
risk in the County is fairly low near population centers . High-risk areas are conce trated in
the western and central portions of the County. There are nearly 3 , 000 structures alued at
$484 million located in the high-risk areas of the County. For more detailed risk assessment
information, please see the PowerPoint file attached .
A new project evaluation and ranking methodology was discussed during the meeting ,
Concern had been raised that the existing project prioritization methodology was Wo
cumbersome administratively. This has lead to lower participation among particir ating
jurisdictions, as well as projects generated from other entities like the Indian River County
Council on Aging. The new methodology has the Working Group prioritize the L MS goals
and the hazards addressed in the plan . New mitigation projects or activities are evaluated
based on the following four criteria:
1 . The rank of the LMS goal(s) that the project addresses ;
�,.,. 2 . The rank of the hazard(s) that the project addresses;
3 . Whether or not the project is supported in a plan, policy, or study of the jurisdiction
(i . e . Comprehensive Growth Management Plan, Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan, Stormwater Management Plan, Redevelopment Plan, etc. ); and
4 . Whether or not the project addresses issues of immediate public health, safety, or
welfare .
Unlike the original ranking process, the new process has no LMS Scoring Subcom nittee .
Once the criteria described above is established, staff of the DES will be able to score and
rank the projects without the need of a Subcommittee . Working Group members have been
asked to complete the attached prioritization sheet and return it to Etta Lopresti by
Wednesday, March 10, 2004 so that CSA may present the methodology to the Working
Group during the next LMS meeting on March 25th .
Lincoln Walther spoke about the importance of implementation. If hazards risks and
effects of hazards are to be effectively realized, the County, municipalities, and general
populace must become committed to implementing the LMS . Lincoln emphasized that the
County Commission and the County Administrator, as well as the various city councils and
their chief administrative officer, must provide the level of support that staff, charged with
implementing the LMS, can actively engage in activities that lead to a reduction of hazard
risks . In the new LMS each identified project or activity will include information on
potential funding sources, a timeline, and an assignment of responsibility. The intent of the
LMS is that the Working Group will continue to meet at least quarterly . These meetings
will help to identify any new issues that have come up and provide an opportunity lo update
the Group on what has been accomplished .
E- 30
The next meeting of the Indian River County LMS Working Group will be :
Wednesday, March 25h
10 : 00 a.m . — 12 : 00 p.m .
Indian River County Administrative Building
Conference Room A
fir.►
low
E -31
Page 1 of 1
Mitchell , Krista
*br From : Etta LoPresti [ELoPresti@ircgov. com]
Sent: Tuesday , March 23 , 2004 9:40 AM
To : Allen J . Duff ( E -mail) ; Beth Mitchell (E-mail) ; Bili Brunner ( E-mail) ; Bob Keating ; Brian B rkeen ( E- mail) ;
Brian Nolan ( E-mail) ; David Jakubiak ( E -mail) ; Ernie McCloud ; Frank Hoover ( E -mail ) ; Freddie L . Woolfork
(E-mail) ; Joe Spataro ( E-mail) ; John Fontana ( E-mail) ; John King ( E-mail) ; Joni Kinsley E-mail) ; Krista
Mitchell ( E-mail) ; Link Walther ( E -mail ) ; Marguerita Engel ( E-mail) ; Marilyn Johnson ( E-mail) ; Mark
Satterlee ( E-mail) ; Nathan McCollum ( E -mail) ; Penny Chandler ( E-mail) ; Rick Rogers ( E mail) ; Scott Taylor
( E-mail ) ; Stan Boling ; Terry Hess ( E-mail) ; Terry Hill ( E-mail) ; Thomas Kunz ( E -mail) ; Wc yne Russ ( E -mail )
Subject: LMS Meeting
REMINDER
0
Mark your calendars : The next LMS meeting is scheduled for this Thursday , March 25 at 10 : 00 a . m .
The meeting will be held in Conference Room A of the Indian River County Adminis ration Building .
Your participation in RIMS is very important , l hope to see you then !
&ta WVV VWVV
Etta LoPresti , Emergency Management Planner
Indian River County
*Awe)ept. of Emergency Services
1840 25th Street
Vero Beach , FL 32960
(772) 567-8000 , Ext. 1523
E -32
3/23 /2004
1r'
AGENDA
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25th Street
Vero Beach, FL 32960
March 25 , 2004
10 : 00 a.m .- 12 : 00 p.m .
1 . Welcome and Introductions 10 00 a. m.
Nat McCollum
Indian River County Emergency Services
2 . Program Implementation 1 : 10 a. m.
Link Walther / Krista Mitchell
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
3 , Set Next Meeting Date & Assignments 11 . 50 a. m.
4. Adjournment 12 : 00 p. m.
`err
E -33
SIGl\ ( SHEET
Meeting : Indian River County
Local Mitigation Strategies Steering Group
Date/Time : kwin LF5 , 7 op _ � Z
Location : Jam, rh�h �
Name Job Title Employer Email Address
1 bia8 J
�H �l u CsX Ache
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iL
` S 13
Minutes
%W
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25 `h Street
Vero Beach, FL 32960
March 25 , 2004
10 : 00 a.m .- 12 : 00 p .m .
Nathan McCollum , Chairman of the Indian River County Working Group, began the meet g with
the welcome and introductions. The Working Group voted to remove representatives who iave not
participated from the Working Group. The following representatives were removed from e
Working Group : Indian River County Building Department, School District, Treasure Co st
Building Association, and the Indian River Chamber of Commerce.
Lincoln Walther of Continental Shelf Associates discussed the implementation strategy fbi the LMS
and emphasized the following points . Effective implementation requires the support of ele ted
officials, administrative officers, local staff, and very importantly members of the Workinj Group.
There needs to be one person who serves as the lead administrator (Program Coordinator) or the
Indian River County Unified Countywide LMS program. In addition, each jurisdiction sh uld
designate a "point person" who would coordinate with the Program Coordinator, plus have
responsibility for guiding implementation within their jurisdiction. The group discussed wl ich
agency should be assigned lead responsibility . The Working Group unanimously agreed ti at the
County DES be delegated the responsibility. Another option that was discussed was havir g the
Community Development Department assume responsibility for administering the pro&r .
Involving the County ' s planning functions in hazard mitigation is important, because they
implement mitigation both before and at the time that homes, infrastructure, and facilities are being
built. However the Working Group felt that DES should retain this role because mitigation is a
defined work program of the Department. The Working Group decided that the Program
Coordinator have the following responsibilities, at a minimum :
• advocating and promoting hazard mitigation,
• staying current with state and federal planning requirements,
i
• interacting with the state Division of Emergency Management,
• organizing LMS meetings,
• keeping the public aware of the process,
• maintaining files documenting the progress of the LMS program, .
• updating the Project Prioritization List, and
• coordinating the 5 -year update process .
There are a number of supportive administrative responsibilities that county, municipal, an
community organizations can take on. These include promoting hazard mitigation, managing
mitigation projects, assisting others implement mitigation projects, disseminating hazard mitigation
information, documenting hazard mitigation progress, and providing the LMS coordinator with new
data when it is available. The Florida Division of Forestry representative reported that they report
E -35
wildfire mitigation progress on a monthly basis. He will now be forwarding this informat on to DES
to be filed.
Monitoring the progress of implementation is very important. The monitoring program ir volves
documenting the progress of the LMS through quarterly progress reports and an Annual LMS
Report. Each year, individual hazard mitigation project managers will submit quarterly pr ject
progress reports to the LMS Program Coordinator. These reports describe the status of the project,
any problems or obstacles, and proposed corrective actions to address the problems. The LMS
Program Coordinator will use these individual progress reports to develop the Annual LM S Report
that will be provided to each County and municipal elected official . An oral presentation Defore
each elected body is urged in order to heighten awareness of this important issue among a 1 elected
officials .
The Project Prioritization Methodology was reviewed given the priorities that the Working Group
set following the last meeting. Potential projects will be evaluated based on the following four
criteria:
1 . Which goal(s) the project addresses;
2 . Which hazard(s) the project addresses ;
3 . Project supported in existing plans/policies ; and
4 . Project addresses issues of public health, safety, and welfare .
The Working Group ranked the LMS goals as follows :
1 . Minimize the loss of life, property, and repetitive loss
2 . Minimize economic disruption and ensure orderly, effective recovery and redevelopment
3 . Achieve safe and fiscally sound, sustainable communities
The Working Group ranked the LMS hazards as follows :
1 . Hurricane / Tropical Storm 10c . ` Wellfield Contamination
2 . Wildland Fire l la. Agricultural Pest & Disease
3 , Flooding 1 lb. Civil Disturbance
4 , Tornado 11 c. Drought
5 . Hazardous Materials Accident . Economic Collapse
6. Transportation System Accident . Epidemic
7 . Power Failure . Extreme Temperature
8a. Communication Failure . Military Ordnance
8b . Terrorism / Sabotage . Seismic (Sinkholes, Earthquake , Dam /
8c . Thunderstorm Lightning Levee Failure
9. Erosion . Societal Alienation
10a. Immigration Crisis • Substance Abuse
10b. Radiological Hazards
Several hazards received the same prioritization score. These hazards will remain tied in rei rards to
the project prioritization methodology and will be labeled with sub-letters (i. e . 8a, 8b, 8c). e
rankings above will be used to prioritize potential mitigation projects on the Project Prioriti tion
List. There may be instances where projects seeking identical funding sources receive iden ical
prioritization scores. In those cases, the projects should be prioritized. For projects with ide itical
scores that address different projects, the project addressing the highest ranked hazard shall receive
priority . For projects with identical scores that address the same hazard, priority shall be de ermined
by a vote of the LMS Working Group.
Updating the LMS is an important function of the plan implementation, because changing conditions
r may have an effect on mitigation priorities in the County. The Indian River County Unified LMS
E -36
will be updated every 5 years . Draft documents on the LMS update should be available for -eview on
*OW jurisdictions .
County' s website . The amended LMS should be formally adopted by all participating
jurisdictions . The approved LMS will be forwarded to Florida Division of Emergency Management
for review and filing. Because the LMS planning process is multi jurisdictional, the plan will
include conflict resolution methodology .
Next Steps
Please review the draft Implementation section that was distributed during the meeting and provide
comments. An electronic copy of this draft will be available on DES ' s website. The next meeting of
the Indian River County Unified Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group will be announced at a
later date.
E-37
WWW.IRCGOV.COM - Indian River County - Other Boards, Commi. . , http://www. ircgDv.com/Boards/LMS/Index.htrr,
Search
Home > Other Boards , Committees and Councils > Local Mitigation Strategy Work
Group
Local Mitigation Strategy Work Group
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy Public Meeting
Tuesday, August 24th, 2004
Indian River County is updating its Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS ) , a plan identifying
projects and activities aimed at reducing the impacts of natural disasters such as
hurricanes, tornadoes , and flooding .
The next meeting will be open to the public and will be held on TuesdE y, August 24th
from 2 : 00 p . m . until 3 : 00 p . m . in Conference Room A. Conference Room A is located in
the Indian River County Administration Building at 1840 25th Street in Vero Beach .
Citizen input on the County LMS is needed . Citizens , local business owners and
managers , and community organizations are encouraged to attend .
For further information , call Etta LoPresti at 772-567-8000 ext. 1523 .
Resolution 99- 125 A dated November 16 , 1999 adopted the Indian River County
Unified Local Mitigation Strategy.
lmolimentation Program 6. 0 A
The purpose, overview and composition of the Working Group
Meetings are held on an as-needed basis .
Problems with the site? Email the
ars. Webma er
E-38
1 of 1 8/25/2004 4 : 13 PN
Page 1 of 1
Mitchell , Krista
From : Etta LoPresti [ELoPresti@ircgov . com]
Sent: Friday, August 20 , 2004 4 :42 PM
To : Allen J . Duff ( E-mail ); Beth Mitchell (E-mail ) ; Bill Brunner ( E-mail ); Bob Keating ; Brian B rkeen ( E-mail );
Brian Nolan ( E-mail ); David Jakubiak (E-mail ) ; Ernie McCloud ; Frank Hoover ( E-mail ); FReddie L . Woolfork
(E-mail ); Joe Spataro ( E-mail) ; John King ( E-mail ) ; Joni Kinsley (E-mail ) ; Krista Mitchell E-mail ); Link
Walther (E-mail ) ; Marguerita Engel ( E-mail ) ; Marilyn Johnson ( E-mail ) ; Mark Satterlee (E-mail ) ; Nathan
McCollum ( E-mail ) ; Rick Rogers (E-mail ); Scott Taylor ( E-mail ); Stan Boling ; Terry Hess ( E-mail ); Terry Hill
(E-mail ); Thomas Kunz ( E-mail ); Wayne Russ ( E-mail )
Subject: LMS Working Group Meeting
Dear LMS Working Group members :
REMINDER !
Please don 't forget the final LMS Working Group meeting , Tuesday, August 24th from 2 : 00 p . m .
until 3 : 00 p . m . in Conference Room A of the Indian River County Administration B ilding . This will
be a very important meeting , especially following Hurricane Charley. A big topic of
discussion will be the availability of post-disaster mitigation funds . Hope to see you then !
Etta LoPresti
Emergency Management Planner
Indian River County Dept. of Emergency Services
1840 25th Street
Vero Beach , FL 32960
(772) 567-8000 , Ext. 1523
Fax (772) 567-9323
Add a Free Stamp to your Email
Bring your messages to life !
E -39
8/24/2004
Indian River County Department Of Emergency Services
Meeting: LMS Meeting Date: 08/24/04
SIGN IN SHEET
NAME AGENCY / ORGANIZATION PHONE NUMBER
s ` } �
2rrx r. & y ;L S y
& ka,6.0��
SC�
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S6"). 8000 IzZ�'
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•
i
AGENDA
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Public Comment Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25h Street
Vero Beach, Florida
August 24, 2004
2 : 00 p .m.— 3 : 00 p .m.
1 . Welcome and Introductions 2 : 0 p. m.
Lincoln Walther
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc
err 2. Local Mitigation Strategy Overview 2 : 5 p. m.
• Historical Perspective
• LMS Update Process
Lincoln Walther
3 . Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Assessment, Implementation 2: 1 p. m.
Lincoln Walther / Krista Mitchell
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
4, Hurricane Charley — Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Opportunities 2 :3 p. m.
Lincoln Walther
5 . Public Comment Period 2 :55 p. m.
6. Adjournment 3 :0 p. m.
fir+
E -41
*%W
Minutes
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy
Public Comment Meeting
Indian River County Administration Building
Conference Room A
1840 25 `h Street
Vero Beach, Florida
August 24, 2004
2 : 00 p .m.— 3 : 00 p . m .
The purpose of this meeting of the Indian River County LMS Working Group was to
gather public input on the plan. The public was made aware of the meeting through the Iridian
River County Department of Emergency Services website. Lincoln Walther of Continen 1 Shelf
`err Assoc . , Inc began the meeting with a brief overview of the LMS Program.
The LMS planning team included a lead agency — Indian River County Dep artm t of
Emergency Services, a contracting agency — Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council, a
consultant, Continental Shelf Assoc . , Inc , and a Working Group . The Working Group is an
interdisciplinary group including, state, regional, county, municipal, private, and non-profit
organizations . The Florida Department of Community Affairs sponsored the LMS program in
1998 in recognition of the rising costs of responding to and recovering from disasters . Tlle
program was also in response to the rebuilding efforts following Hurricane Andrew. The LMS
process is one that involves : identifying community vulnerability to different types of h rds; an
assessment of the hazards and plans, programs and projects identified to reduce the impais
resulting from various hazards; and an implementation program that identifies and priori 'zes
potential corrective actions and implementing responsibilities . The benefits of mitigation include
the following:
i
• Lessens the community ' s vulnerability to disasters ;
• Creates a new and effective planning tool ;
• Supports more effective post disaster decision making;
• Speeds return of the impacted community to normalcy;
• Facilitates receipt of post-disaster state and federal dollars;
• Provides for "all" hazard, multi-objective planning;
• Educates and informs the community; and
0 Provides a forum for analysis of potentially sensitive issues .
,%✓
Indian River County LMS Working Group Minutes E-42 0 /24/2004
i
The LMS update process began in 2003 due to changes in federal planning requirements
'`► that placed higher emphasis on planning for disasters before they occur. The new requ ' ements
set a deadline of November 1 , 2004 for adopted and approved mitigation plans in order I o remain
eligible for certain pre and post-disaster funding sources.
Krista Mitchell of Continental Shelf Assoc ., Inc briefly summarized the content of the
Indian River County Local Mitigation Strategy. There are six sections and six appendices in the
LMS . The first section — Introduction and Planning Process - describes the planning process used
to develop the plan and also outlines the roles and responsibilities of the LMS Working Group .
These components are both requirements of the new federal planning requirements. The second
section — Community Profile — describes the community in terms of geography, populati im,
infrastructure, property and development, economic resources, environmental resources, historic
and cultural resources, and critical facilities . Section three — Institutional Analysis — des bes
existing capabilities at the federal, state, regional, county, municipal, and community organization
level . This section also includes additional methods of intergovernmental coordination as well as
recommendations for strengthening the role of the local government and a call for further private
sector involvement.
The fourth section — Hazard Assessment — describes the hazards that could impact the
county, provides historical occurrence information, vulnerability, and risk assessments when data
was available . The risk assessment indicated that the most vulnerable structure type in Indian
River County is single family homes . The assessment also indicated that 13 % of residents live in
areas of high wildland fire risk. Several findings came out of the risk assessment process First,
concentrations of population living in close proximity to water make flooding a major haimrd in
the county. Second, vulnerability to wind related hazards is increased in structures with
substandard construction methods and materials. This is especially important in the Cowity
considering that 11 . 7% of all housing units are mobile homes . These numbers dramatically
increase for Fellsmere and Wabasso where mobile homes represent 42 .4% and 31 .9% of i ill
housing units respectively. Section five — Mitigation Options — describes a number of pot tial
mitigation actions the County or municipalities could take to make the community more disaster
resistant. Mitigation options are categorized into the following categories : prevention, prc perty
protection, public education and awareness, natural resource protection, emergency servi es , and
structural projects . The sixth section — Implementation — focuses on how the plan will be
implemented, monitored, evaluated, and updated in the years to come . Section six outline key
responsibilities, goals and objects, prioritized projects, a discussion on how the LMS will be
integrated with other planning processes, a process for plan monitoring, a process for up ting the
plan, a discussion of continued public involvement, and a process for conflict resolution .
Nat McCollum of the Indian River County Department of Emergency Services briefly
discussed the implications of Hurricane Charley on the LMS process in the County. Indian River
County was included in the disaster declarations for Individual Assistance, Public Assistance, and
the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, The State of Florida will receive approximately $ 160
million for mitigation, at this time it is unknown how these monies will be divided among the
state and local governments . Indian River County may have the opportunity to fund proje is
from the Project Prioritization List with this funding. When this funding cycle does open, the
Working Group will meet to determine which projects to pursue .
The final revisions to the pre-approved LMS are currently being reviewed by FE for
final approval . Once the plan has received pre-approval, the county and municipalities wil have
the go ahead to adopt the plan via resolution. The County will make municipal represents 'ves
aware when the plan is ready for adoption. Resolutions formally adopting the plan must Im
Indian River County LMS Working Group Minutes E-43 0& 2412004
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forwarded to FEMA in order to document eligibility for pre and post-disaster monies that require
'rwr► an adopted mitigation plan. An electronic version of the plan will be available on DES ' s website
for review in the next few weeks .
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Indian River County LMS Working Group Minutes E-44 0& 12412004
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Table F . 1 . Acronyms used in the Local Mitigation Strategy .
Acronym Full Name
ARC American Red Cross
ASFPM Association of State Floodplain Manager
BFE Base Flood Elevation
BOAF Building Officials Association of Florida
CBRA Coastal Barrier Resources Act
CDBG Community Development Block Grant
CDD Community Development Department
CEMP Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
CGMP Comprehensive Growth Management Plan
CHHA Coastal High Hazard Area
CIE Capital Improvements Element
CNMI Commonwealth of North Mariana Islands
COOP Continuity of Operations Plan
CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CR county road
CRS Community Rating System
CSA Continental Shelf Associates , Inc.
DEM Division of Emergency Management
DEP Department of Environmental Protection
DES Department of Emergency Services
I%W DMA2K Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
DOC Department of Commerce
DRI Disaster Recovery Initiative
DWMP District Water Management Plan
EDA Economic Development Administration
EHS Extremely Hazardous Substance
EMPA Emergency Management and Preparedness Assistance
EOC Emergency Operations Center
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPCRA Emergency Preparedness and Community Right to Know Act
EPZ Emergency Planning Zone
EQIP Environmental Quality Incentives Program
ESF Emergency Support Function
ESG Emergency Shelter Grant
F . A. C . Florida Administrative Code
FCMP Florida Coastal Management Program
FCT Florida Communities Trust
FDBPR Florida Department of Business and Professional Requlation
FDCA Florida Department of Community Affairs
FDEP Florida Department of Environmental Protec ion
FDOC Florida Department of Corrections
FDOE Florida Department of Education
✓ FDOF Florida Division of Forestry
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Table FA ( Continued ) .
*rr Acronym Full Name
FDOI Florida Department of Insurance
FDOMS Florida Department of Management Services
FDOT Florida Department of Transportation
FEC Florida East Coast Railroad
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FIND Florida Inland Navigation District
FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map
FMA Flood Mitigation Assistance
F . S . Florida Statutes
FSA Farm Service Agency
HI Heat Index
HMEP Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness
HUD United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
IBHS Institute of Business and Home Safety
IRFWCD Indian River Farms Water Control District
LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee
LMS Local Mitigation Strategy
LOD Letter of Dispute
MEMPHIS Mapping for Emergency Management, Parallel Hazard
Information System
MOM Maximum of Maximums
mph miles per hour
MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCDC National Climatic Data Center
NFIP National Flood Insurance Program
NFIRA National Flood Insurance Reform Act
NFPA National Fire Protection Administration
NLSI National Lightning Safety Institute
NHC National Hurricane Center
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
N R C S National Resource Conservation Service
NRT National Response Team
NWR National Wildlife Refuge
NWS National Weather Service
PAGs Protective Action Guidelines
PCCIP President' s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection
PDM Pre - Disaster Mitigation
PHSW Public Health , Safety , and Welfare
PPL Project Prioritization List
PWD Public Works Department
SBA Small Business Administration
err SCORP Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan
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Table F . 1 (Continued ) .
Acronym Full Name
SERC State Emergency Response Commission
SHIP State Housing Initiative Partnership Program
SJRWMD St . Johns River Water Management Distri t
SLOSH Sea Land Overland Sur es for Hurricane
SR state road
STP Surface Transportation Program
TAOS The Arbiter of Storms
TCRPC Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council
TDR Transfer of Development Rights
TIP Transportation Improvement Plan
TYLCV Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus
USACE United States Army Corp of Engineers
USC United States Code
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
USDOI United States Department of the Interior
USDOT United States Department of Transportati n
USFA United States Fire Administration
USFS United States Forest Service
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS United States Geological Survey
WHIP Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program
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