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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2012-034DAppendix C Emergency Plan for Hazardous Materials Indian River County Emergency Management Response Information Chemical Identification/RIDS Chemical Name: ALDICARB Regulatory Name: ALDICARB NFPA Codes F: NFPA Codes H: Formula: C71­114N2O2S DOT: POISON UN Num: 2757 Sec 112R: El EHS: El CERCLA: Ej CAS: 116-06-3 NFPA Codes R: NFPA Codes S: CAATQ: 313: EHSTPQ: 100/10000 RCRA: P070 RQ: 1 CHRIS: STCC: General Description White crystals with a slightly sulfurous odor. Commercial formulations are granular Used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide. (EPA, 1998) Fire Hazard When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. Incompatible with highly alkaline substances. Unstable in alkali; poor stability at 122F. (EPA, 1998) Fire Fighting (Non -Specific -- Carbamate Pesticide, Solid) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. (Non -Specific -- Carbamate Pesticide, Solid) Some of these materials may burn but none of them ignite readily. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998) Protective Clothing For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure -demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully -encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998) Non -Fire Response Caution : Avoid sources of heat including fire. Aldicarb will liberate toxic nitrogen and sulfur oxide gases when heated. (Non -Specific -- Carbamate Pesticide, solid) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Small spills: take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998) Health Hazard Aldicarb is a carbamate pesticide. It is super toxic; the probable oral lethal dose for humans is less than 5 mg/kg, or a taste (less than 7 drops) for a 150 -Ib. person. It is extremely toxic by both oral and dermal routes. (EPA, 1998) Properties Melting Point: 210 to 214° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Pressure: Less than 0.5 at 68F (EPA, 1998) Boiling Point: Decomposes (NTP, 1992) Molecular Weight: 190.23 (EPA, 1998) TEEL1: 0.21 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) TEEL2: 0.3 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) TEEL3: 0.3 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) Water Solubility: 0.1-1.0 mg/mL at 72° F (NTP, 1992) 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 1 Chemical Identification/RIDS Specific Gravity: 1.195 at 77° F (EPA, 1998) First Aid Signs and Symptoms of Acute Aldicarb Exposure: Acute exposure to aldicarb usually leads to a cholinergic crisis, with signs and symptoms that may include increased salivation, lacrimation (tearing), perspiration, and spontaneous defecation and urination. Pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, tremor, muscle twitching, shortness of breath, mental confusion, convulsions, and coma may also occur. Gastrointestinal effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) occurs frequently. Emergency Life -Support Procedures: Acute exposure to aldicarb may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air -purifying or supplied -air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self -exposure to aldicarb. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to aldicarb. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of aldicarb is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of aldicarb may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag -reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998) AIR AND WATER REACTIONS: Slightly water soluble. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ALDICARB is a carbamate ester. This chemical decomposes at temperatures greater than 212° F. This chemical is incompatible with highly alkaline substances. It is rapidly converted by oxidizing agents. [NTP, 1992] REACTIVE GROUPS: Carbamates Esters (REACTIVITY, 2003) Reactive Hazards no data found 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 2 Chemical Identification/RIDS Chemical Name: ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE Regulatory Name: ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE NFPA Codes F: 4 NFPA Codes H: 4 NFPA Codes R: 2 NFPA Codes S: No water Formula: AIP DOT: DANGEROUS WHEN WET, POISON UN Num: 1397 Sec 112R: ❑ CAATQ: 313: 0 EHS: EHSTPQ: 500 RCRA: P006 CERCLA: RQ: 100 CHRIS: APH CAS: 20859-73-8 STCC: 4916305 General Description Aluminum phosphide is a dark gray or dry, yellow, crystalline solid. It reacts with moisture to give phosphine, a flammable and poisonous gas. Normally, phosphine will spontaneously ignite upon contact with air. If there is an excess of water, the phosphine fire will not normally ignite any surrounding combustible material. (REACTIVITY, 2003) Fire Hazard Releases toxic fumes on exposure to moist air, water, or acids. Decomposes to produce phosphine gas. Avoid water, dilute mineral acids, dilute or concentrated hydrochloric acid. Stable when dry. Avoid moist air. (EPA, 1998) Fire Fighting Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. If contact with the material is anticipated, wear full protective clothing. Do not use water or foam. Small fires can be extinguished with dry chemical, soda ash, or lime. Large fires -- withdraw from area and let fire burn. Move container from fire only if you can do it without risk. (EPA, 1998) Protective Clothing For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure -demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully -encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998) hTi t;":j/_1ffi:, _111'L BARRICADE > 3 hrs[limited data] BUTYL > 3 hrs[limited data] NAT RUB > 3 hours NAT RUB+NEOP > 3 hours NAT RUB+NEOP+NBR > 3 hours NEOP > 3 hours NEOP/BUTYL > 3 hrs[limited data] NEOP/NAT RUB > 3 hours NITRILE > 3 hours NITRILE+PVC > 3 hrs[limited data] PE > 3 hrs[limited data] PE/EVAL/PE > 3 hours PTFE TEFLON > 3 hrs[limited data] PVC > 3 hrs[limited data] RESPONDER > 3 hours SARANEX23P > 3 hrs[limited data] These protective clothing recommendations are based on experimental data for another chemical with similar chemical properties and structure. Because material recommendations for chemicals in the same classification will generally, but not always, be appropriate, use caution when following these recommendations. (NOAA, 1991) Non -Fire Response Do not use water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material dry. (© AAR, 2003) Health Hazard Acute toxicity occurs primarily by the inhalation route when aluminum phosphide decomposes into the toxic gas, phosphine. The human median lethal dose for aluminum phosphide has been reported to be 20 mg/kg. Rated as super toxic: probable oral lethal dose is less than 5 mg/kg or less than 7 drops for a 70 kg (150 Ib.) person. (EPA, 1998) Properties Melting Point: Does not melt or decompose at temperatures up to 1832° F. (EPA, 1998) 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 1 Chemical Identification/RIDS Molecular Weight: 57.95 (EPA, 1998) TLV TWA: 2 mg/m3 As Al. (ACGIH, 2003) TEEL1: 4 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) TEEL2: 20 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) TEEL3: 20 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) Specific Gravity: 2.85 at 59° F (EPA, 1998_) First Aid Warning: Effects may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Aluminum Phosphide Exposure: Acute exposure to aluminum phosphide usually results in headache, cough, tightness and pain in the chest, shortness of breath, dizziness, lethargy, and stupor. Muscle pain, fatigue, chills, tremor, lack of coordination, seizures, and coma may be observed. Pulmonary edema and cardiac irregularities are also commonly found. Gastrointestinal effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Renal (kidney) damage, hepatic (liver) damage, and jaundice may also occur. Contact with aluminum phosphide may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Emergency Life -Support Procedures: Acute exposure to aluminum phosphide may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air -purifying or supplied -air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self -exposure to aluminum phosphide. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to aluminum phosphide. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: No information is available. (EPA, 1998) Reactivity AIR AND WATER REACTIONS: Decomposed by water or moist air, evolving phosphine, a toxic gas that often ignites [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE is a reducing agent. Contact with mineral acids causes explosive evolution of toxic phosphine [Wang, C. C. et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1963, 25, p. 327]. Heating produces highly toxic fumes of phosphorus oxides. Can react vigorously upon contact with oxidizing agents. [Sax, 9th ed., p. 119]. REACTIVE GROUPS: Nitrides, Phosphides, Carbides, and Silicides, Inorganic (REACTIVITY, 2003) Reactive Hazards Strong Reducing Agent, Water -Reactive, Air -Reactive 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 2 Chemical Identification/RIDS Chemical Name: AMMONIA, ANHYDROUS Regulatory Name: AMMONIA AMMONIA (ANHYDROUS) NFPA Codes F: 1 NFPA Codes H: 3 NFPA Codes R: 0 NFPA Codes S: Formula: H3N DOT: POISON GAS, CORROSIVE UN Num: 1005 Sec 112R: Z CAATQ: 10000 313: 0 EHS: N EHSTPQ:500 RCRA: CERCLA: Z RQ: 100 CHRIS: AMA CAS: 7664-41-7 STCC: 4920359 4904210 AGndR70 General Description A clear colorless gas with a strong odor. Shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure. Density (liquid) 6 Ib / gal. Contact with the unconfined liquid can cause frostbite. Gas generally regarded as nonflammable but does burn within certain vapor concentration limits and with strong ignition. Fire hazard increases in the presence of oil or other combustible materials. Although gas is lighter than air, vapors from a leak initially hug the ground. Prolonged exposure of containers to fire or heat may cause violent rupturing and rocketing. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations of the vapors or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has adverse health effects. Used as a fertilizer, as a refrigerant, and in the manufacture of other chemicals. Rate of onset: Immediate Persistence: Minutes Odor threshold: 17 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Explosives manufacture; pesticides; detergents industry CRIMINAL/TERRORIST USE OF CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL AGENTS The following is intended to supply information to first responders for use in making a preliminary assessment of a situation that they suspect involves criminal/terrorist use of chemical and/or biological (CB) agents. To aid in the assessment, a list of observable indicators of the use and/or presence of a CB agent is provided in the following paragraphs. This preamble about differences goes into indicators section of bio and chem. databases DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A CHEMICAL AND A BIOLOGICAL AGENT Chemical and biological agents can be dispersed in the air we breathe, the water we drink, or on surfaces we physically contact. Dispersion methods may be as simple as opening a container, using conventional (garden) spray devices, or as elaborate as detonating an improvised explosive device. Chemical Incidents are characterized by the rapid onset of medical symptoms (minutes to hours) and easily observed signatures (colored residue, dead foliage, pungent odor, dead insects and animals). Biological Incidents are characterized by the onset of symptoms in hours to days. Typically, there will be no characteristic signatures because biological agents are usually odorless and colorless. Because of the delayed onset of symptoms in a biological incident, the area affected may be greater due to the movement of infected individuals. INDICATORS OF A POSSIBLE CHEMICAL INCIDENT Dead animals/birds/fish Not just an occasional road kill, but numerous animals (wild and domestic, small and large), birds, and fish in the same area. Lack of insect life If normal insect activity (ground, air, and/or water) is missing, check the ground/water surface/shore line for dead insects. If near water, check for dead fish/aquatic birds. Unexplained odors Smells may range from fruity to flowery to sharp/pungent to garlic/ horseradish -like to bitter almonds/peach kernels to new mown hay. It is 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 1 Chemical Identification/RIDS important to note that the particular odor is completely out of character with its surroundings. Unusual numbers of dying or sick people (mass casualties) Health problems including nausea, disorientation, difficulty in breathing, convulsions, localized sweating, conjunctivitis (reddening of eyes/nerve agent symptoms), erythema (reddening of skin/vesicant symptoms) and death. Pattern of casualties Casualties will likely be distributed downwind, or if indoors, by the air ventilation system Blisters/rashes Numerous individuals experiencing unexplained water -like blisters, weals (like bee stings), and/or rashes. Illness in confined area Different casualty rates for people working indoors versus outdoors dependent on where the agent was released. Unusual liquid droplets Numerous surfaces exhibit oily droplets/film; numerous water surfaces have an oily film. (No recent rain.) Different looking areas Not just a patch of dead weeds, but trees, shrubs, bushes, food crops, and/or lawns that are dead, discolored, or withered. (No current drought.) Low-lying clouds Low-lying cloud/fog-like condition that is not consistent with its surroundings. Unusual metal debris Unexplained bomb/munitions-like material, especially if it contains a liquid. (NOAA, 2003) Fire Hazard Mixing of ammonia with several chemicals can cause severe fire hazards and/or explosions. Ammonia in container may explode in heat of fire. Incompatible with many materials including silver and gold salts, halogens, alkali metals, nitrogen trichloride, potassium chlorate, chromyl chloride, oxygen halides, acid vapors, azides, ethylene oxide, picric acid and many other chemicals. Mixing with other chemicals and water. Hazardous polymerization may not occur. (EPA, 1998) Fire Fighting Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Small fires: dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. Apply water gently to the surface. Do not get water inside container. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Stay away from ends of tanks. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (EPA, 1998) Protective Clothing For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure -demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully -encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998) Dupont Average Standardized Breakthrough Times Tychem® QC immediate (less than 10 minutes) Tychem® SL 32 min. Tychem® CPF 2 32 min. Tychem® 7500 125 min. Tychem® F 79 min. Tychem® CPF 3 12 min. Tychem® BR and Tychem® LV 46 min. Tychem® CPF 4 more than 480 min. Tychem® Responder® more than 480 min. Tychem® TK more than 480 min. Tychem® Reflector® more than 480 min. (Dupont, 2003) Non -Fire Response Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock -down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 2 Chemical Identification/RIDS lint fid with flv ash or cement nnwder_ Neutralize with vinegar or other dilute acid. Water shill: Neutralize with dilute acid. Use mechanic al dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. (© AAR, 2003) Health Hazard Vapors cause irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Liquid will burn skin and eyes. Poisonous; may be fatal if inhaled. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with liquid may cause frostbite. (EPA, 1998) Properties Lower Exp Limit: 16% (EPA, 1998) Upper Exp Limit: 25% (EPA, 1998) Auto Igtn Temp: 1204° F (USCG, 1999) Melting Point: -107.9° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Pressure: 400 mm Hg at -49.72° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Density: 0.6 (EPA, 1998) Boiling Point: -28.03° F at 760 mm Hg (EPA, 1998) Molecular Weight: 17.03 (EPA, 1998) IDLH: 300 ppm (NIOSH, 2003) T LV TWA: 25 ppm (ACGiH, 2003) TLV STEL: 35 ppm (ACGIH, 2003) ERPG1: 25 ppm (AIHA, 2003) ERPG2: 150 ppm (AIHA, 2003) ERPG3: 750 ppm (AIHA, 2003) Specific Gravity: .6818 at -28.03° F (EPA, 1998) First Aid Warning: Ammonia is extremely corrosive to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Contact with the liquified gas may cause frostbite. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Ammonia Exposure: Inhalation of ammonia may cause irritation and burns of the respiratory tract, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), stridor (high-pitched respirations), and chest pain. Pulmonary edema and pneumonia may also result from inhalation. A pink frothy sputum, convulsions, and coma are often seen following exposure to high concentrations. When ammonia is ingested, nausea and vomiting may result; oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common. If ammonia has contacted the eyes, irritation, pain, conjunctivitis (red, inflamed eyes), lacrimation (tearing), and corneal erosion may occur. Loss of vision is possible. Dermal exposure may result in severe burns and pain. Emergency Life -Support Procedures: Acute exposure to ammonia may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air -purifying or supplied -air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self -exposure to ammonia. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to ammonia. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.Warning: Do not attempt to neutralize with an acid wash; excessive liberation of heat may result. 3. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must IMMEDIATELY be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 3 Chemical Identification/RIDS Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Activated charcoal does not strongly bind ammonia, and therefore is of little or no value. 5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. 6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998) Reactivity AIR AND WATER REACTIONS: Soluble in water with evolution of heat. The amount of heat generated may be large. CHEMICAL PROFILE: AMMONIA is a base. Reacts exothermically with all acids. Violent reactions are possible. Readily combines with silver oxide or mercury to form compounds that explode on contact with halogens. When in contact with chlorates it forms explosive ammonium chlorate [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, 1978, p. 470]. Reacts violently or produces explosive products with fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and some of the interhalogen compounds (bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride). Mixing of bleaching powder (hypochlorite solution) with ammonia solutions produces toxic/explosive ammonia trichloride vapors. Undergoes potentially violent or explosive reactions on contact with 1,2-dichloroethane (with liquid ammonia), boron halides, ethylene oxide (polymerization), perchlorates or strong oxidants (chromyl chloride, chromium trioxide, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorates, fluorine, nitrogen oxide, liquid oxygen). Reacts with silver chloride, silver oxide, silver nitrate or silver azide to form the explosive silver nitride. May react with some heavy metal compounds (mercury, gold(III) chloride) to produce materials that may explode when dry. [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 15531. REACTIVE GROUPS: Bases (REACTIVITY, 2003) Reactive Hazards Water -Reactive 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 4 Chemical IdentificationlRIDS Chemical Name: CHLORINE Regulatory Name: CHLORINE NFPA Codes F: 0 NFPA Codes H: 4 Formula: Cl2 DOT: POISON GAS, CORROSIVE UN Num: 1017 Sec 112R: X EHS: 0 CERCLA: CAS: 7782-50-5 NFPA Codes R: 0 CAATQ: 2500 EHSTPQ: 100 RQ: 10 STCC: 4920523 4920539 NFPA Codes S: Oxidizer 313: RCRA: CHRIS: CLX General Description A greenish yellow gas with a pungent suffocating odor. Toxic by inhalation. Slightly soluble in water. Liquefies at -35°C and room pressure. Readily liquefied by pressure applied at room temperature. Density (as a liquid) 13.0 Ib / gal. Contact with unconfined liquid can cause frostbite by evaporative cooling. Does not burn but, like oxygen, supports combustion. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has ill effects. Vapors are much heavier than air and tend to settle in low areas. Contact CHEMTREC to activate chlorine response team 800-424-9300. Used to purify water, bleach wood pulp, and to make other chemicals. Rate of onset: Immediate to hours Persistence: Minutes to hours Odor threshold: 3.5 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Cleaner/disinfectant in many industries; water treatment; WWI war gas; irritating corr fumes heavier than air CRIMINAL/TERRORIST USE OF CHEMICAUBIOLOGICAL AGENTS The following is intended to supply information to first responders for use in making a preliminary assessment of a situation that they suspect involves criminal/terrorist use of chemical and/or biological (CB) agents. To aid in the assessment, a list of observable indicators of the use and/or presence of a CB agent is provided in the following paragraphs. This preamble about differences goes into indicators section of bio and chem. databases DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A CHEMICAL AND A BIOLOGICAL AGENT Chemical and biological agents can be dispersed in the air we breathe, the water we drink, or on surfaces we physically contact. Dispersion methods may be as simple as opening a container, using conventional (garden) spray devices, or as elaborate as detonating an improvised explosive device. Chemical Incidents are characterized by the rapid onset of medical symptoms (minutes to hours) and easily observed signatures (colored residue, dead foliage, pungent odor, dead insects and animals). Biological Incidents are characterized by the onset of symptoms in hours to days. Typically, there will be no characteristic signatures because biological agents are usually odorless and colorless. Because of the delayed onset of symptoms in a biological incident, the area affected may be greater due to the movement of infected individuals. INDICATORS OF A POSSIBLE CHEMICAL INCIDENT Dead animals/birds/fish Not just an occasional road kill, but numerous animals (wild and domestic, small and large), birds, and fish in the same area. Lack of insect life If normal insect activity (ground, air, and/or water) is missing, check the ground/water surface/shore line for dead insects. If near water, check for dead fish/aquatic birds. Unexplained odors Smells may range from fruity to flowery to sharp/pungent to garlic/ horseradish -like to bitter almonds/peach kernels to new mown hay. It is important to note that the particular odor is completely out of character with its surroundings. 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 1 Chemical Identification/RIDS Unusual numbers of dying or sick people (mass casualties) Health problems including nausea, disorientation, difficulty in breathing, convulsions, localized sweating, conjunctivitis (reddening of eyes/nerve agent symptoms), erythema (reddening of skin/vesicant symptoms) and death. Pattern of casualties Casualties will likely be distributed downwind, or if indoors, by the air ventilation system Blisters/rashes Numerous individuals experiencing unexplained water -like blisters, weals (like bee stings), and/or rashes. Illness in confined area Different casualty rates for people working indoors versus outdoors dependent on where the agent was released. Unusual liquid droplets Numerous surfaces exhibit oily droplets/film; numerous water surfaces have an oily film. (No recent rain.) Different looking areas Not just a patch of dead weeds, but trees, shrubs, bushes, food crops, and/or lawns that are dead, discolored, or withered. (No current drought.) Low-lying clouds Low-lying cloud/fog-like condition that is not consistent with its surroundings. Unusual metal debris Unexplained bomb/munitions-like material, especially if it contains a liquid. (NOAA, 2003) Fire Hazard May ignite other combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.). Mixture with fuels may cause explosion. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Hydrogen and chlorine mixtures (5-95%) are exploded by almost any form of energy (heat, sunlight, sparks, etc.). May combine with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrochloric acid. Emits highly toxic fumes when heated. Avoid plastics and rubber. Avoid heat and contact with hydrogen gas or powdered metals. (EPA, 1998) Fire Fighting Evacuate area endangered by gas. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. If it is necessary to stop the flow of gas, use water spray to direct escaping gas away from those effecting shut-off. Will not burn, but most combustible materials will burn in chlorine as they do in oxygen; flammable gases will form explosive mixtures with chlorine. Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998) Protective Clothing Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin from becoming frozen from contact with the liquid or from contact with vessels containing the liquid. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating. (NIOSH, 2003) Dupont Average Standardized Breakthrough Times Tychem® QC immediate (less than 10 minutes) Tychem® SL more than 480 min. Tychem® CPF 2 more than 480 min. Tychem® 7500 more than 480 min. Tychem® F more than 480 min. (Actual breakthrough time; standardized data not available) Tychem® CPF 3 more than 480 min. Tychem® BR and Tychem® LV 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 2 Chemical Identification/RIDS more than 480 min. Tychem® CPF 4 more than 480 min. Tychem® Responder® more than 480 min. Tychem® TK more than 480 min. Tychem® Reflector® more than 480 min. (Dupont, 2003) Non -Fire Response Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Do not apply water to point of leak in tank car or container. Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with dilute caustic soda (NaOH) or soda ash (Na2CO3). Water spill: Add dilute caustic soda (NaOH). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. (© AAR, 2003) Health Hazard Poisonous; may be fatal if inhaled. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Bronchitis or chronic lung conditions. (EPA, 1998) Properties Auto Igtn Temp: Not flammable (USCG, 1999) Melting Point: -150° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Pressure: 7600 mm Hg at 86° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Density: 2.49 (EPA, 1998) Boiling Point: -30.3° F at 760 mm Hg (EPA, 1998) Molecular Weight: 70.91 (EPA, 1998) iDLH: 10 ppm (NIOSH, 2003) TLV TWA: 0.5 ppm Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. (ACGIH, 2003) TLV STEL: 1 ppm Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. (ACGIH, 2003) ERPG1: 1 ppm (AIHA, 2003) ERPG2: 3 ppm (AIHA, 2003) ERPG3: 20 ppm (AIHA, 2003) Water Solubility: 0.7 % (NIOSH, 2003) Specific Gravity: 1.424 at 59° F (USCG, 1999) AEGL1:.5 ppm for 10 min .5 ppm for 30 min .5 ppm for 60 min .5 ppm for 4 hrs .5 ppm for 8 hrs (AEGL, 2003) AEGL2: 2.8 ppm for 10 min 2.8 ppm for 30 min 2 ppm for 60 min 1 ppm for 4 hrs .7 ppm for 8 hrs (AEGL, 2003) AEGL3: 50 ppm for 10 min 28 ppm for 30 min 20 ppm for 60 min 10 ppm for 4 hrs 7.1 ppm for 8 hrs (AEGL, 2003) First Aid Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Chlorine is corrosive and may be converted to hydrochloric acid in the lungs. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Chlorine Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to chlorine may include tachycardia (rapid heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure) followed by hypotension (low blood pressure), and cardiovascular collapse. Pulmonary edema 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 3 Chemical Identification/RIDS and pneumonia are often seen. The eyes, nose, throat, and chest may sting or burn following exposure to chlorine. Cough with bloody sputum, a feeling of suffocation, dizziness, agitation, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting are common. Dermal exposure may result in sweating, pain, irritation, and blisters. Emergency Life -Support Procedures: Acute exposure to chlorine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air -purifying or supplied -air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as chlorine -resistant plastic sheeting and disposable bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self -exposure to chlorine. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to chlorine. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas for at least 15 minutes with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization an ullor further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: No information is available. (EPA, 1998) Reactivity AIR AND WATER REACTIONS: Water dissolves about twice its volume of chlorine gas, forming a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acids. Will be corrosive due to acidity and oxidizing potential. Slightly soluble in water. CHEMICAL PROFILE: CHLORINE reacts explosively with or supports the burning of numerous common materials. Ignites steel at 100°C in the presence of soot, rust, carbon, or other catalysts. Ignites dry steel wool at 50°C. Reacts as either a liquid or gas with alcohols (explosion), molten aluminum (explosion), silane (explosion), bromine pentafluoride, carbon disulfide (explosion catalyzed by iron), 1-chloro-2-propyne (excess chlorine causes an explosion), dibutyl phthalate (explosion at 118°C), diethyl ether (ignition), diethyl zinc (ignition), glycerol (explosion at 70-80°C), methane over yellow mercury oxide (explosion), acetylene (explosion initiated by sunlight or heating), ethylene over mercury, mercury(]) oxide, or silver(]) oxide (explosion initiated by heat or light), gasoline (exothermic reaction then detonation), naphtha -sodium hydroxide mixture (violent explosion), zinc chloride (exothermic reaction), wax (explosion), hydrogen (explosion initiated by light), Reacts as either a liquid or gas with carbides of iron, uranium and zirconium, with hydrides of potassium sodium and copper, with tin, aluminum powder, vanadium powder, aluminum foil, brass foil, copper foil, calcium powder, iron wire, manganese powder, potassium, antimony powder, bismuth, germanium, magnesium, sodium, and zinc. Causes ignition and a mild explosion when bubbled through cold methanol. Explodes or ignites if mixed in excess with ammonia and warmed. Causes ignition in contact with hydrazine, hydroxylamine, and calcium nitride. Forms explosive nitrogen trichloride from biuret contaminated with cyanuric acid. Readily forms an explosive N -chloro derivative with aziridine. Ignites or explodes with arsine, phosphine, silane, diborane, stibine, red phosphorus, white phosphorus, boron, active carbon, silicon, arsenic. Ignites sulfides at ambient temperature. Ignites (as a liquid) synthetic and natural rubber. Ignites trialkylboranes and tungsten dioxide. REACTIVE GROUPS: Inorganic Oxidizing Agents, Halogenating Agents, Strong (REACTIVITY, 2003) Reactive Hazards Strong Oxidizing Agent, Water -Reactive 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 4 Chemical Identification/RIDS Chemical Name: HYDROFLUORIC ACID Regulatory Name: HYDROFLUORIC ACID HYDROFLUORIC ACID (CONC. 50% OR GREATER) uvnRnr_GM Gi 1 inPIM7 NFPA Codes F: 0 NFPA Codes H: 4 NFPA Codes R: 1 NFPA Codes S: Formula: HF (aqueous) DOT: CORROSIVE, POISON UN Num: 1790 Sec 112R: CAATQ: 1000 313: E EHS: EHSTPQ: 100 RCRA: U134 CERCLA: RQ: 100 CHRIS: HFA CAS: 7664-39-3 STCC: 4930022 General Description A colorless fuming mobile aqueous solution with a pungent odor. Density 9.6 Ib / gal. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Exposure to fumes or very short contact with liquid may cause severe painful burns; penetrates skin to cause deep-seated ulceration that may lead to gangrene. (NOAA, 2003) Fire Hazard Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. (DOT, 2000) Fire Fighting Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. (REACTIVITY, 2003) Protective Clothing Skin: If chemical is in liquid form, wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: If chemical is in liquid form, wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact Wash skin: If the chemical is in liquid form, the worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: If chemical is in liquid form, work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided (when chemical is in liquid form) in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided (when chemical is in liquid form) within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availabili of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2003) Dupont Average Standardized Breakthrough Times. Tychem® Responder® more than 480 min. Tychem® Reflector® more than 480 min. (Dupont, 2003) Non -Fire Response Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock -down vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaC crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Add soda ash (Na2CO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. (REACTIVITY, 2003) Health Hazard 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 1 Chemical Identification/RIDS TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water ma, be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (DOT, 2000) Properties Auto Igtn Temp: Not flammable (USCG, 1999) Melting Point: -118° F (NIOSH, 2003) Vapor Pressure: 783 mm Hg (NIOSH, 2003) Boiling Point: 152° F at 760 mm Hg (USCG, 1999) Molecular Weight: 20 (NIOSH, 2003) IDLH: 30 ppm (NIOSH, 2003) TLV STEL: 3 ppm Ceiling limit. (ACGIH, 2003) ERPG1: 2 ppm (AIHA, 2003) ERPG2: 20 ppm (AIHA, 2003) ERPG3: 50 ppm (AIHA, 2003) Water Solubility: Miscible (NIOSH, 20'03) Specific Gravity: 1.15 (©AAR, 2003) First Aid Eye: If this chemical in liquid form or in solution contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical in solution or in liquid form contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical in solution has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 1997) Reactivity AIR AND WATER REACTIONS: Fumes in air. Fumes are highly irritating, corrosive, and poisonous. Generates much heat on dissolution [Merck, 11th ed., 1989]. Heat can cause spattering, fuming, etc. CHEMICAL PROFILE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID attacks glass and any other silica containing material. May react with common metals (iron, steel) to generate flammable hydrogen gas if diluted below 65%. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides). Can initiate polymerization in certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide salts and compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides. Addition gas -generating reactions may occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates. Can catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Reacts explosively with cyanogen fluoride, methanesulfonic acid or glycerol mixed with nitric acid. Reacts violently with arsenic trioxide, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, alkali metals, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylenediamine, fluorine, potassium permanganate, oleum, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, mercury([[) oxide. Emits highly corrosive fumes of hydrogen fluoride gas when heated [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1839]. Contact with many silicon compounds and metal silicides causes violent evolution of gaseous silicon tetrafluoride [Mellor, 1956, Vol. 2, suppl. 1, p. 1211. Mixing in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increasE acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, chlorosulfonic acid, aqueous ammonia (48.7%), ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, aqueous sulfuric acid (48.7%), aqueous sodium hydroxide (48.7%), propylene oxide, vinyl acetate [NFPA 19911. REACTIVE GROUPS: Acids, Inorganic Non -oxidizing (REACTIVITY, 2003) Reactive Hazards Water -Reactive, Air -Reactive 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 2 Chemical Identification/RIDS Chemical Name: PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE Regulatory Name: PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE NFPA Codes F: NFPA Codes H: Formula: C12H14N2.2CI DOT: POISON UN Num: 2781 Sec 112R: ❑ EHS: CERCLA: ❑ CAS: 1910-42-5 NFPA Codes R: CAATQ: 313: EHSTPQ: 10/10000 RCRA: RQ: 10 CHRIS: STCC: NFPA Codes S: General Description Colorless to yellow crystalline solid. Used as a contact herbicide and desiccant. (EPA, 1998) Fire Hazard Avoid strong oxidizers. (EPA, 1998) Fire Fighting This material is a bipyridilium compound. Procedures for bipyridilium pesticides are as follows. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. (EPA, 1998) Protective Clothing Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately'wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2003) MATERIAL RATINGS BARRICADE > 3 hrs[limited data] NAT RUB > 3 hrs[limited data] NAT RUB+NEOP > 3 hrs[limited data] NAT RUB+NEOP+NBR < 1 hr[limited data] NITRILE > 3 hrs[limited data] PTFE TEFLON > 3 hrs[limited data] RESPONDER > 3 hrs[limited data] SARANEX23P > 3 hrs[limited data] These protective clothing recommendations are based on experimental data for another chemical with similar chemical properties and structure. Because material recommendations for chemicals in the same classification will generally, but not always, be appropriate, use caution when following these recommendations. (NOAA, 1991) Non -Fire Response (Non -Specific -- Bipyridilium Pesticide) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. If water pollution occurs, notify appropriate authorities. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area. 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 1 Chemical Identification/RIDS Larqe spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998) Health Hazard Can cause death due to severe injury to the lungs. The lowest lethal oral dose reported in humans is 43 mg/kg. (EPA, 1998) Properties Melting Point: Decomposes 572° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Pressure: Approximately 0 (EPA, 1998) Boiling Point: Decomposes (NIOSH, 2003) Molecular Weight: 257.18 (EPA, 1998) IDLH: 1 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2003) TEEL1: 0.3 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) TEEL2: 1 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) TEEL3: 1 mg/m3 (TEEL, 2003) Water Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 66° F (NTP, 1992) Specific Gravity: 1.24-1.26 at 68° F (NTP, 1992) First Aid Warning: Effects occur in two stages, immediate and delayed. Caution is advised. Exposure to paraquat may be fatal; there is no effective antidote. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Paraquat Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to paraquat may be severe and include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. A burning sensation of the mouth and esophagus with possible ulceration may occur following ingestion. Eye exposure may result in corneal opacification (cloudiness). Dermatitis and nail atrophy may occur following dermal contact. Delayed effects include transient reversible liver injury, acute renal failure, and progressive pulmonary fibrosis with associated dyspnea (shortness of breath) and pulmonary edema. Emergency Life -Support Procedures: Acute exposure to paraquat may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air -purifying or supplied -air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self -exposure to paraquat. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures. 4. RUSH to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to paraquat. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures. 7. RUSH to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of paraquat is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag -reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 2 Chemical Identification/RIDS of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. RUSH to a health care facility. (EPA, Reactivity AIR AND WATER REACTIONS: Water soluble. 1998) CHEMICAL PROFILE: PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE is stable in acidic media, but unstable in alkaline media. It is photochemically decomposed by UV irradiation in aqueous solutions and is rapidly inactivated by soil. The neat chemical may be sensitive to light. This compound is corrosive to metal and it can react with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. It is hydrolyzed by alkali compounds and it is inactivated by inert clays and anionic surfactants. [NTP, 1992) REACTIVE GROUPS: Salts, Acidic Inorganic/Organic (REACTIVITY, 2003) Reactive Hazards no data found 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 3 Chemical Identification/RIDS Chemical Name: SULFUR DIOXIDE Regulatory Name: SULFUR DIOXIDE (ANHYDROUS) SULFUR DIOXIDE NFPA Codes F: 0 NFPA Codes H: 3 NFPA Codes R: 0 NFPA Codes S: Formula: SO2 DOT: POISON GAS, CORROSIVE UN Num: 1079 Sec 112R: ❑i CAATQ: 5000 313: ❑ EHS: ❑ EHSTPQ:500 RCRA: CERCLA: ❑ RQ: 500 CHRIS: SFD CAS: 7446-09-5 STCC: 4920508 General Description A colorless gas with a choking or suffocating odor. Boiling point -10°C. Heavier. than air. Very toxic by inhalation and may irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Used to manufacture chemicals, in paper pulping, in metal and food processing. Rate of onset: Immediate & Delayed Persistence: Minutes to hours Odor threshold: 1 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Disinfectant and preserving in breweries and food/canning; textile industry; batteries CRIMINAL/TERRORIST USE OF CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL AGENTS The following is intended to supply information to first responders for use in making a preliminary assessment of a situation that they suspect involves criminal/terrorist use of chemical and/or biological (CB) agents. To aid in the assessment, a list of observable indicators of the use and/or presence of a CB agent is provided in the following paragraphs. This preamble about differences goes into indicators section of bio and chem. databases DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A CHEMICAL AND A BIOLOGICAL AGENT Chemical and biological agents can be dispersed in the air we breathe, the water we drink, or on surfaces we physically contact. Dispersion methods may be as simple as opening a container, using conventional (garden) spray devices, or as elaborate as detonating an improvised explosive device. Chemical Incidents are characterized by the rapid onset of medical symptoms (minutes to hours) and easily observed signatures (colored residue, dead foliage, pungent odor, dead insects and animals). Biological Incidents are characterized by the onset of symptoms in hours to days. Typically, there will be no characteristic signatures because biological agents are usually odorless and colorless. Because of the delayed onset of symptoms in a biological incident, the area affected may be greater due to the movement of infected individuals. INDICATORS OF A POSSIBLE CHEMICAL INCIDENT Dead animals/birds/fish Not just an occasional road kill, but numerous animals (wild and domestic, small and large), birds, and fish in the same area. Lack of insect life If normal insect activity (ground, air, and/or water) is missing, check the ground/water surface/shore line for dead insects. If near water, check for dead fish/aquatic birds. Unexplained odors Smells may range from fruity to flowery to sharp/pungent to garlic/ horseradish -like to bitter almonds/peach kernels to new mown hay. It is important to note that the particular odor is completely out of character with its surroundings. Unusual numbers of dying or sick people (mass casualties) 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 1 Chemical Identification/RIDS Health problems including nausea, disorientation, difficulty in breathing, convulsions, localized sweating, conjunctivitis (reddening of eyes/nerve agent symptoms), erythema (reddening of skin/vesicant symptoms) and death. Pattern of casualties Casualties will likely be distributed downwind, or if indoors, by the air ventilation system Blisters/rashes Numerous individuals experiencing unexplained water -like blisters, weals (like bee stings), and/or rashes. Illness in confined area Different casualty rates for people working indoors versus outdoors dependent on where the agent was released. Unusual liquid droplets Numerous surfaces exhibit oily droplets/film; numerous water surfaces have an oily film. (No recent rain.) Different looking areas Not just a patch of dead weeds, but trees, shrubs, bushes, food crops, and/or lawns that are dead, discolored, or withered. (No current drought.) Low-lying clouds Low-lying cloud/fog-like condition that is not consistent with its surroundings. Unusual metal debris Unexplained bomb/munitions-like material, especially if it contains a liquid. (NOAA, 2003) Fire Hazard Containers may explode in heat of fire or they may rupture and release irritating toxic sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide has explosive properties when it comes in contact with sodium hydride; potassium chlorate at elevated temperatures; ethanol; ether; zinc ethylsulfurinate at very cool temperatures (-15C); fluorine; chlorine trifluoride and chlorates. It will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. When the liquid is heated it may release irritating, toxic sulfur dioxide gas. Avoid ammonia, monocesium or monopotassium acetylide; dicesium monoxide; iron (II) oxide; tin oxide; lead (IV) oxide; chromium; manganese; molten sodium, powder aluminum and rubidium. Sulfur dioxide has explosive properties when it comes in contact with sodium hydride; potassium chlorate at elevated temperatures; ethanol; ether; zinc ethylsulf urinate at very cool temperatures (-15C); fluorine; chlorine trifluoride and chlorates. It will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Hazardous polymerization may not occur. (EPA, 1998) Fire Fighting Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Move container from fire area. Stay away from ends of tanks. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after the fire is out. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. Keep unnecessary people away. Not flammable. Extinguish fires with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998) Protective Clothing Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin from becoming frozen from contact with the liquid or from contact with vessels containing the liquid. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: If chemical is in liquid form, work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating. (NIOSH, 2003) Dupont Average Standardized Breakthrough Times Tychem® QC immediate (less than 10 minutes) Tychem® SL more than 480 min. Tychem® CPF 2 more than 480 min. Tychem® F 38 min. (Actual breakthrough time; standardized data not available) Tychem® BR and Tychem® LV more than 480 min. Tychem® CPF 4 more than 480 min. Tychem® Responder® 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 2 Chemical Identification/RIDS more than 480 min. Tychem® TK more than 480 min. Tychem® Reflector® more than 480 min. (Dupont, 2003) Non -Fire Response Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock -down vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. Do not use water on material itself. ((D AAR, 2003) Health Hazard It may cause death or permanent injury after very short exposure to small quantities. 1,000 ppm causes death in from 10 minutes to several hours by respiratory depression. It is an eye and respiratory tract irritant. Persons with asthma, subnormal pulmonary functions or cardiovascular disease are at a greater risk. (EPA, 1998) Properties Auto Igtn Temp: Not flammable (USCG, 1999) Melting Point: -98.9° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Pressure: 2432 mm Hg at 68° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Density: 2.26 (EPA, 1998) Boiling Point: 14° F at 760 mm Hg (EPA, 1998) Molecular Weight: 64.07 (EPA, 1998) IDLH: 100 ppm (NIOSH, 2003) TLV TWA: 2 ppm Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. (ACGIH, 2003) TLV STEL: 5 ppm Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. (ACGIH, 2003) ERPG1: 0.3 ppm (AIHA, 2003) ERPG2: 3 ppm (AIHA, 2003) ERPG3: 15 ppm (AIHA, 2003) Water Solubility: 10 % (NIOSH, 2003) Specific Gravity: 1.434 (EPA, 1998) First Aid Note: Persons with asthma, subnormal pulmonary function, or cardiovascular disease are at greater risk. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Sulfur Dioxide Exposure: Sulfur dioxide may irritate the eyes and respiratory tract. Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to sulfur dioxide may be severe and include coughing, choking, dyspnea (shortness of breath), sneezing, wheezing, and chest discomfort. Upper airway edema (swelling) or obstruction, bronchoconstriction, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and respiratory paralysis may occur. Fatigue may be noted. Gastrointestinal effects may include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Cyanosis (blue tint to skin and mucous membranes) may be noted following exposure to sulfur dioxide. Emergency Life -Support Procedures: Acute exposure to sulfur dioxide may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air -purifying or supplied -air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self -exposure to sulfur dioxide. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to sulfur dioxide. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 3 Chemical Identification/RIDS procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: No information is available. (EPA, 1998) Reactivity AIR AND WATER REACTIONS: Dissolves in water to form sulfurous acid, a corrosive liquid [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 876]. Moist sulfur dioxide is very corrosive due to the slow formation of sulfuric acid CHEMICAL PROFILE: SULFUR DIOXIDE is acidic. Reacts exothermically with bases such as amines, amides, metal oxides, and hydroxides. Frequently used as a reducing agent although it is not a powerful one. Acts as a reducing bleach to decolorize many materials. Can act as an oxidizing agent. Supports combustion of powdered aluminum [Mellor 5:209-212 1946-47). Reacts explosively with fluorine [Mellor 2:1 1946-47]. Supports burning of manganese [Mellor 12:187 1946-47]. Readily liquefied by compression. Contact between the liquid and water may result in vigorous or violent boiling and extremely rapid vaporization. If the water is hot an explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if the liquid contacts water in a closed container [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980]. Supports incandescent combustion of monocesium acetylide, monopotassium acetylide, cesium oxide, iron(II) oxide, tin oxide, and lead oxide [Mellor]. REACTIVE GROUPS: Inorganic Reducing Agents, Acids, Inorganic Non -oxidizing Reactive Hazards Water -Reactive (REACTIVITY, 2003) 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 4 Chemical Identification/RIDS Chemical Name: SULFURIC ACID Regulatory Name: SULFURIC ACID (AEROSOL FORMS ONLY) SULFURIC ACID NFPA Codes F: 0 NFPA Codes H: 3 NFPA Codes R: 2 NFPA Codes S: No water Formula: H2SO4 DOT: CORROSIVE UN Num: 1830 Sec 112R: ❑ CAATQ: 313: ❑ EHS: EHSTPQ: 1000 RCRA: CERCLA: RQ: 1000 CHRIS: SFA CAS: 7664-93-9 STCC: 4930040 General Description Sulfuric acid is a colorless oily liquid. It is soluble in water with release of heat. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. It will char wood and most other organic matter on contact, but is unlikely to cause a fire. Density 15 Ib / gal. Long term exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations can result in adverse health effects from inhalation. It is used to make fertilizers and other chemicals, in petroleum refining, in iron and steel production, and for many other uses. Rate of onset: Immediate Persistence: Hours, days Odor threshold: Source/use/other hazard: Battery/dyes/paper/glue/metals industries; volcanic gas; toxic fumes when heated CRIMINAL/TERRORIST USE OF CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL AGENTS The following is intended to supply information to first responders for use in making a preliminary assessment of a situation that they suspect involves criminal/terrorist use of chemical and/or biological (CB) agents. To aid in the assessment, a list of observable indicators of the use and/or presence of a CB agent is provided in the following paragraphs. This preamble about differences goes into indicators section of bio and chem. databases DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A CHEMICAL AND A BIOLOGICAL AGENT Chemical and biological agents can be dispersed in the air we breathe, the water we drink, or on surfaces we physically contact. Dispersion methods may be as simple as opening a container, using conventional (garden) spray devices, or as elaborate as detonating an improvised explosive device. Chemical Incidents are characterized by the rapid onset of medical symptoms (minutes to hours) and easily observed signatures (colored residue, dead foliage, pungent odor, dead insects and animals). Biological Incidents are characterized by the onset of symptoms in hours to days. Typically, there will be no characteristic signatures because biological agents are usually odorless and colorless. Because of the delayed onset of symptoms in a biological incident, the area affected may be greater due to the movement of infected individuals. INDICATORS OF A POSSIBLE CHEMICAL INCIDENT Dead animals/birds/fish Not just an occasional road kill, but numerous animals (wild and domestic, small and large), birds, and fish in the same area. Lack of insect life If normal insect activity (ground, air, and/or water) is missing, check the ground/water surface/shore line for dead insects. If near water, check for dead fish/aquatic birds. Unexplained odors Smells may range from fruity to flowery to sharp/pungent to garlic/ horseradish -like to bitter almonds/peach kernels to new mown hay. It is important to note that the particular odor is completely out of character with its surroundings. 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 1 Chemical Identification/RIDS Unusual numbers of dying or sick people (mass casualties) Health problems including nausea, disorientation, difficulty in breathing, convulsions, localized sweating, conjunctivitis (reddening of eyes/nerve agent symptoms), erythema (reddening of skin/vesicant symptoms) and death. Pattern of casualties Casualties will likely be distributed downwind, or if indoors, by the air ventilation system Blisters/rashes Numerous individuals experiencing unexplained water -like blisters, weals (like bee stings), and/or rashes. Illness in confined area Different casualty rates for people working indoors versus outdoors dependent on where the agent was released. Unusual liquid droplets Numerous surfaces exhibit oily droplets/film; numerous water surfaces have an oily film. (No recent rain.) Different looking areas Not just a patch of dead weeds, but trees, shrubs, bushes, food crops, and/or lawns that are dead, discolored, or withered. (No current drought.) Low-lying clouds Low-lying cloud/fog-like condition that is not consistent with its surroundings. Unusual metal debris Unexplained bomb/munitions-iike material, especially if it contains a liquid. (NOAA, 2003) Fire Hazard It is highly reactive and capable of igniting finely -divided combustible materials on contact. When heated, it emits highly toxic fumes. Avoid heat; water and organic materials. Sulfuric acid is explosive or incompatible with an enormous array of substances. Can undergo violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressure. May react violently with water. When heated, it emits highly toxic fumes. Hazardous polymerization may not occur. (EPA, 1998) Fire Fighting Fight fire from safe distance or from protected location. Use care as water applied directly to this acid results in evolution of heat and causes spattering. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with streams of water until fire is out. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Not flammable. For small fires use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Use water on combustibles burning in vicinity of this material. For large fires flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not get solid streams of water on material. Move container from area if you can do so without risk. (EPA, 1998) Protective Clothing Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided (when concentration is >11%) in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided (when concentration is >1 %) within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2003) Dupont Average Standardized Breakthrough Times Tychem® QC more than 480 min. Tychem® CPF1 more than 480 min. Tychem® SL more than 480 min. Tychem® CPF 2 more than 480 min. Tychem® 7500 more than 480 min. Tychem® F 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 2 Chemical Identification/RIDS more tnan 4uu min. Tychem® CPF 3 more than 480 min. Tychem® BR and Tychem® LV more than 480 min. Tychem® CPF 4 more than 480 min. Tychem® Responder® more than 480 min. Tychem® TK more than 480 min. Tychem® Reflector® more than 480 min. (Dupont, 2003) Non -Fire Response Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). (© AAR, 2003) Health Hazard Corrosive to all body tissues. Inhalation of vapor may cause serious lung damage. Contact with eyes may result in total loss of vision. Skin contact may produce severe necrosis. Fatal amount for adult: between 1 teaspoonful and one-half ounce of the concentrated chemical. Even a few drops may be fatal if the acid gains access to the trachea. Chronic exposure may cause tracheobronchitis, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, and gastritis. Gastric perforation and peritonitis may occur and may be followed by circulatory collapse. Circulatory shock is often the immediate cause of death. Those with chronic respiratory, gastrointestinal, or nervous diseases and any eye and skin diseases are at greater risk. (EPA, 1998) Properties Auto Igtn Temp: Not flammable (USCG, 1999) Melting Point: 50.65° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 294.8° F (EPA, 1998) Vapor Density: 3.4 (EPA, 1998) Boiling Point: 554° F at 760 mm Hg (EPA, 1998) Molecular Weight: 98.08 (EPA, 1998) IDLH: 15 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2003) TLV TWA: 1 mg/m3 Suspected Human Carcinogen. (ACGIH, 2003) TLV STEL: 3 mg/m3 Suspected Human Carcinogen. (ACGIH, 2003) ERPG1: 2 mg/m3 (AIHA, 2003) ERPG2: 10 mg/m3 (AIHA, 2003) ERPG3: 30 mg/m3 (AIHA, 2003) Water Solubility: Miscible (NIOSH, 2003) Specific Gravity: 1.841 (EPA, 1998) First Aid Caution: Sulfuric acid is extremely corrosive. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Sulfuric Acid Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of sulfuric acid may be severe and include salivation, intense thirst, difficulty in swallowing, pain, and shock. Oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common. Vomitus generally has a coffee-ground appearance. The potential for circulatory collapse is high following ingestion of sulfuric acid. Acute inhalation exposure may result in sneezing, hoarseness, choking, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory tract irritation, and chest pain. Bleeding of nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia may also occur. If the eyes have come in contact with sulfuric acid, irritation, pain, swelling, corneal erosion, and blindness may result. Dermal exposure may result in severe burns, pain, and dermatitis (red, inflamed skin). Emergency Life -Support Procedures: Acute exposure to sulfuric acid may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air -purifying or supplied -air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 3 Chemical Identification/RIDS Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self -exposure to sulfuric acid. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. RUSH to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to sulfuric acid. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. RUSH to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Rinse mouth with large amounts of water. Instruct victims not to swallow the water. 3. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 5. Activated charcoal is of no value. 6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. 7. RUSH to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998) Reactivity AIR AND WATER REACTIONS: Reaction with water is negligible unless acid strength is above 80-90% then heat from hydrolysis is extreme, may cause severe burns [Merck, 11th ed. 1989]. During sulfonation of mononitrobenzene by fuming sulfuric acid, a leak from an internal cooling coil permitted water to enter the reaction tank. A violent eruption occurred due to the heat of solution [MCA Case History 944 19631. CHEMICAL PROFILE: SULFURIC ACID is strongly acidic. Reacts violently with bromine pentafluoride [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:172 1956]. Exploded with para-nitrotoluene at 80 °C [Chem. Eng. News 27:25041. An explosion occurred when concentrated sulfuric acid was mixed with crystalline potassium permanganate in a vessel containing moisture. Manganese heptoxide was formed, which explodes at 70°C [Delhez 1967]. A mixture of acrylonitrile with concentrated sulfuric acid must be kept well chilled, otherwise a vigorous exothermic reaction occurs [Chem. Safety Data Sheet SD -31:8. 1949]. Mixing sulfuric acid (96%) in equal portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: acetonitrile, acrolein, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide (28%), aniline, n-butyraldehyde, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, epichlorohydrin, ethylene cyanohydrin, hydrochloric acid (36%), hydrofluoric acid (48.7%), propiolactone, propylene oxide, sodium hydroxide, styrene monomer [NFPA 1991]. Sulfuric acid (concentrated) is extremely hazardous in contact with carbides, bromates, chlorates, fulminates, picrates, and powdered metals [Haz. Chem. Data 1966]. Allyl chloride may polymerize violently under conditions involving an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid [Ventrone 19711. React exothermically with sodium hypochlorite to produce chlorine gas. Mixing chlorosulfuric acid and 98% sulfuric acid may evolve HCI [Subref: Anon, Loss Prev. Bull. 1977, (013), 2-3]. REACTIVE GROUPS: Acids, Inorganic Oxidizing Reactive Hazards Strong Oxidizing Agent, Water -Reactive 6/12/2007 Printed from CAMEO Page 4