HomeMy WebLinkAbout2008-009 (6)ow
SECTION 1000
W WATER AND SEWER UTILITIES
A. Water Utilities
The water utilities for this project shall be constructed per the "Indian River County
Department of Utility Services Water and Wastewater Utility Standards," dated 2006 or
latest version.
Payment shall be made per "The Summary of Pay Items" as shown in the Plans.
Relocation of existing fire hydrants shall include the cost of all pipe, fittings, thrust blocks,
retaining rods, trenching grading, and incidental items associated with relocation. The base
of the hydrant shall be set flush with the proposed grade.
B. Sewer Utilities
,o The sewer utilities for this project shall be constructed per the 'Indian River County Department
of Utility Services Water and Wastewater Utility Standards," dated 2006, or latest version.
as Payment shall be made per "The Summary of Pay Items" as shown in the Plans.
C. General
we 1. Contractor shall construct all water and sewer lines as shown on the plans and as
required by Indian River County. Fittings are not to scale and only indicate the general
configuration of the assembly.
2. Contractor shall furnish all necessary materials, equipment, machinery, tools, means of
transportation and labor necessary to complete the work in full.
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3. All work shall be completed in accordance with the pians, the Indian River County
Water and Wastewater Utility Standards, latest revision, and the specifications of this
r, project. in the event these specifications are not in agreement with said standards, the
most stringent specifications shall govern_
r 4. Contractor shall provide maintenance of traffic in accordance with the FOOT standard
indexes. Work zone requirements shall be coordinated with Indian River County Public
Works Department.
5. Contractor shall be responsible for the layout of the work, as -built data and for providing
as -bunt drawings to the County. As -built information shall conform to Indian River
County Utility Department requirements.
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6. The Contractor shall restore all vegetation in kind.
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APPENDIX `B'
FLORIDA EROSION & SEDIMENT
CONTROL INSPECTOR MANUAL
w CHAPTER 4, "BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL"
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Appendix B -Permits
F:\Engineming\Capital Projects\9611-CR 512 Widening\9611 CR 512 PHASE IV\Contraet Documents\APPENDIX B - CHAPTER 4
an BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES.doc
Fldrtda,-Erosion.andSediment Corttrol lns actor`s Manual
4 CIAPT
a BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
.G-ozFOR EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL
xz
IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCING
x�
4 02 POLLUTION SOURCE CONTROLS ON CONSTRUCTION SITES 3
Y 7
x x ..
]M403. TEMPORARY GRAVEL CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE
x
sr
CONSTRUCTION ROAD STABILIZATION
4 05. 13
STRAW BALE BARRIER
21
SILT.;FENCE
■r 31
x 407 . BRUSH BARRIER
.33
4,p$ STORMDRAIN INLET PROTECTION.
4.15.
55
TEMPORARY DICE
4.16 TEMPORARY FILL DIVERSION
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4.179 TEMPORARY'RIGHT-OF WAY DIVERSION
63
9. 4;25" TEMPORARY SEDIMENTiT2AR
67
r79.
4.26 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT.BASIN. :
4.30 TEMPORARY SLOPE DRAIN
r.: ... - .105 .... ... _.. .......
_. _ .4 38. TEMPORARY CHE 1 DA{vl$
� _ 113
4.:.40 DEWATERING
4.45 FLOATING TURBIDITY BARRIER "
CHAPTER NOTE
-Etfectiute_.cantrol.of-erosion-andst(imetitatian.deoencfs oniie proper_use of a;number of
,. specificbesf managementpracti.ces (BMP's). Each orfhese.has a correct appilcatRonr
ment. This :chapter provides a
installaiioh, and. maintenance require "tooibox .of BMP's with . .
instructions for their., use. Always `remember that the rules: are performance .based.
Implementation according to this-manual;is' no guarantee of success; nor is it a constraint to
prevent the use of other more erf'icient or cost effective measures.
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Chapter 4-- Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control
4.01 IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCING
Definition
Coordinating. the construction scheduie to minimize the amount.of area disturbed at any
one time and coordinating land clearing with the installation of eros ion control. measures.
Purpose
To minimize the amount of disturbed area, thereby reducing erosion potential.
` Conditio•n where Practice Applies
This practice applies to all construction projects, The level of'planning and management
` necessary to minimize erosion and control sedimentation adequately is dependent upon
the size, location, and complexity of the construction site.
Planning Considerations
The Key to efficient and cost-effective erosion control is to plan. construction activities in
' phases to reduce the. erosion potential of the site. By clearing.onlyareas that are to be
developed; only limited areas of find are disturbed, making it much easier to prevent and
control erosion than if the entire site were, exposed at once. On larger projects sub -phases
should be used to minimize the. area of exposed soil. Before site disturbance occurs
perimeter controls, sediment traps, basins, and diversions should iie in.place.to control
runoff and capture sediments. Prioritize disturbed. areas inthe vic nity:of water bodies,
wetlands; steep grades, long slopes, etc: fpr effective stabilization within seven days
-of
disturbance. Graded areas that will not be worked on should be seeded and mulched
immediately,.rather than waiting until% all project grading is done. Aweii planned and well-
" maintained construction entranoe,with stabilized. constructlon. roads:wrn prevent offsite
sedimentatibn, keep sediments off of roads; minimize complaints from neighbors, and
reduce future expenses and aggravation.
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Land disturbing activities are best scheduled during periods of low piecipitaiion. Generally,
Florida's wet season occurs from May to November with a dry season from November to
May. Check:with your focal Water Management DistriO ('WMD) or Fiorida Department of
Transportation (FDOT) office for more precise information in your area.
Specifications
Management of construction projects can be viewed in three phases. Ph.mse f is the initial
` instailation of perimeter controls, sediment traps; basins, and' diversions"prior to site
development. Phase 11 is an interim stormwater management plan whereby components of
the permanent stonrnvater management system are constructed and connected to the
stormwater facilities as the site is developed. Phase/// is the finished product and should
perform as such: .
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Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
Phase
Thisis the first construction related activity to occur on any site. Installation of initial
controls shall be discussed at the pre -construction conference. The contractor and
the inspector should. understand the inspection and maintenance requirements of
the specified BMPs, as well as the location and proper installation procedures.
Offsite runoff should be diverted around. the project if stabilized areas, adequate
conveyance, andlor protected inlets are available. Sediment traps and basins
should be built to receive the anticipated runoff and sediments. A temporary
sediment basin in the location of the permanent stormwater facility makes efficient
Use of space and simplifies future tasks. Perimeter controls and diversions must
be in to keep. -sediments onsite and directed to the traps and. basins... As
clearing and grading progresses, temporary seeding and mulching should follow
immediately for areas which will not be worked for a period of. seven days or more:
Phase 11
This pfiase is the interim phase of the project. The permanent stormwater
management system is constructed in conjurrction with the other'construction
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activities. Before runoff is directed into . the system must be properly stabilized.
Additionaily it must be protected from sedimentation until completion of the project.
As the stormwater facilities are constructed, they should also be kept free of
sediments. Special care must betaken -if stormwateeponds are used astemporary.
sediment basins to ensure complete removal• of accumulated sediments which
would 'reduce stormwater storage volume and cause prematureclogging. If
possible, design and excavate the sediment basin bottom 6" to 12" (15 - 30 If
higher thanthe eventual pond bottom. Land disturbance should occur only in
areas: which are being actively worked_ .Graded. areas should be seeded and
mulched immediately if they will not be worked for a period of seven days or more.
A regular maintenance program should insure inspection and maintenance of
BMPs by the contractor weekly andlor after significant rain, events. Any failures
should be analyzed to prevent recurrence. Substantial changes to the approved
plan must, be.made or reviewed by the designer and approved by the appropriate - .
regulatory agency.
Phase III
This is the. completed. project. The entire stormwater management system should
be built according to the -approved plans. Substantial deviations from the pian may
require revisions by the design professional, reapprovai by the regulatory agency,
and/br.reconstruction by the contractor. The system must. also function as
designed and in compliance with applicable regulatory criteria. Any previously
unforeseen activities which could compromise the function or maintainability of the
system should be addressed immediately. ,
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Im
fiA .;n, =m=gt Practices for Erosionand Sediment Control
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(5W BMP 2.04)
Definition
V
Minimizing nonpoint source poliution.from construction sites through good management
and "housekeeping" techniques.
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Pur ose
To reduce the availability of construction -related pollutants which can contaminate runoff
waterand, where runoff contamination. cannot be avoided, to retain pollutants andpolluted
water on the site.
Conditions Where Pract'sce Aaalies
This practice applies to all construction projects. The level ofplanning and management
necessary to' control nonpoint source pollution adequately is dependent upon the size and
complexity of the construction site. '
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Planning Considerations
Construction activities, by their nature, create many sources of potential pollutants which
can contaminate: runoff and thereby affect the quality of downstream receiving. waters.
Accelerated' erosion and sedirrientatip.n caused by land -disturbing activities are the major
poll.utlon:problems caused.by construction
There are, however,.many other potential pollutants.associated with construction activities
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such as gasoline, oils, grease, paints, cements, and solvents, to name only a few. Even
relatively non-toxic materials such as paper and cardboard can be classified as potential
pollutants when they are washed into streams and lakes.
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The best way to prevent nonpoint. source pollution on construction sites is to use "gocd
housekeeping practices, which usually entails. simply ma
intaining`tFie site in a neat. and
orderly condition. Specific practices "should be employed to.retain runoff and to deal wish
toxic substances and materials. An overall plan for the control of nonpoint source pollution
is advisable so that control measures can be specified and implemented effectively.
Following are some elements which should be considered in nonpoint source pollution
control planning on a constriction site:
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1) Erosion and Sediment Controls
,. Practices which minimize erosion and retain sediment on site are effective in controlling
many other nonpoint source pollutants associated with- construction activities as well.
Development and implementation of a good erosion and sediment control plan is a key
., factor in controlling nonpoint source pollutants other than sediment on a construction site.
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Control Inspector's Manual
2) Equipment Maintenance and Repair
Maintenance and repair of construction machinery and equipment should be confined to
areas specifically designated for that purpose. Such areas should be located and
designed so that oils, gasoline, grease, solvents and other potential pollutants cannot be
washed directly into receiving streams, stormwater conveyance systems, or existing and _.
potential welifields. 'These areas should be provided with adequate waste disposal
receptacles for liquid and solid wastes. Maintenance areas should beinspected and
cleaned daily. .l
On a construction site where designated equipment maintenance areas are not feasible.
exceptional care should_ be taken during each individual repair ormaintenance operation to
prevent potential pollutants from becoming available to be washed into streams or
conveyance systems. Temporary waste disposal receptacles should be provided and
emptied as required.
3) Storm Sewer Inlet Protection
Inlets to storm sewers.should be protected by suitable filtering devices during construction
to keep pollutants from entering conveyance systems. See STORM DRAIN INLET
PROTECTION - Section 4.08 (ES BMP 1.08).
4) Waste Collection and Disposal
A pian; should be formulated for the collection and. disposal of waste materials on. a
construction site. Such a plan should designate locations for trash.and waste receptacles
and establish a specific collection schedule. Methods for ultimate disposal ofwaste should
be specified and carried out according to applicable local and state health and safety
regulations. Special provisions should be made forthe collection, storage, and disposal of
liquid wastes and toxic or hazardous materials.
Receptacies and other waste collection areas should be kept neat and orderly to the extent
possible. Trash cans should have lids and dumpsters should have covers to prevent
rainwater from entering. Wasteshould not be allowed to overflow .its container or
accumulate for excessively long periods of time. Trash collection points should be located
where they wilt least likely be affected by concentrated stormwater runoff.
5) Demolition Areas
Demolition projects usually generate large amounts.of dust with significant concentrations
of heavy metals and othertoxic pollutants. Dust control. techniques shouid.be used:to limit.
the transport of the airborne pollutants. However, water or slurry' used to control dust
should be retained on the site and not be allowed to rundirectly into watercourses or
stormwater conveyance systems.
6)' Washing Areas
Vehicles such as cement or dump trucks and other construction equipment should not be
washed at locations where .the runoff will flow directly into a watercourse or stormwater
4-4
ter 4 - Best Management Practices for. Erosion and Sediment
conveyance system. Special areas should be designated for washing vehicles. These
areas should be located where the wash water will spread out and evaporate or infiltrate
directly into the ground, or where the runoff can be collected in a temporary holding or
seepage basin. Wash areas should have gravel bases to minimize mud generation.
M 7) Stora a of Construction Materials. Chemicals. Etc.
Sites where chemicals, cements, solvents, paints, or other potential water pollutants are to
,. be stored, should be isolated in areas where they will not cause runoff pollution. Toxic
chemicals and materials, such as pesticides, paints, and acids, should be stored according
to manufacturers' guidelines. Overuse should be avoided and great care should be taken
r s should never be washed in. or near flowing
to prevent accidental spillage. Container
streams or stormwater conveyance systems. Groundwater resources should be protected
from leaching by placing a plastic mat, tar paper, or other impervious materials on any
.. areas where toxic liquids are to be opened and stored.
8) Sanitary Facilities -
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All construction sites should be provided with adequate sanitary facilities for workers
according to applicable health regulations.
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9) Dust Control
., The use of calcium chloride, oils, or other chemical dust control agents on construction
roads should be avoided. Periodic watering of these areas is a preferred alternative.
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10) Dewatering
Many improvements . such as underground utilities, foundations, and stormwater
management facilities require removal and disposal of water from excavations. A detailed
discussion of this practice follows in DEWATERING - Section 4.40.
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Florida Erosion and.Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
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Chaoter 4 - Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control
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(ES BMP 1101)
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.Definition
A stone stabilized pad located at points of vehicular ingress and egress on a construction
site.
Purpose
To stabilize entrances to the construction site and reduce the amount of sediment
transported onto public roads by motor vehicles or runoff.
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Conditions Where Practice AaRlies
Wherever traffic will be leaving a construction site and moving directly onto a public road or
other paved area.
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Planning Considerations
Construction entrances provide an area where mud can be removed from construction
vehicle tires before they enter a public road. If the action of the vehicle traveling over the
gravel pad is not sufficient to remove most of the.mud; then the tires must be` washed
` before the -vehicle enters a public road. If washing is used; provisions must be"made to
intercept the wash water and trap the sediment before it is carried off-site. Constriction
entrances should be used in conjunction with the stabilization of construction roads to
` reduce the amount of mud picked up by construction vehicles.
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Agore_ gate Size -
FDO . T
izeFDOT No. t Coarse Aggregate. (1.5 - 3.5 inch stone)(4 - 9 cm) should be used. Wood
chips may be used for single family residential construction, provided that they can be
prevented from floating away in a storm.
Entrance IJimepsions
r` The aggregate layer must be at least 6 inches (15 cm) thick, It must extend the full width of
the vehicular ingress and egress area, The length of the entrance must be at least 50 feet
(20 m). The entrance must widen at its connection to the roadway In order to
` accommodate the turning radius of large trucks. (See Plate 4.03a)
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Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
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SECTION A - A
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. .. SP1LLYiAY u5>= SANDBAGS, STRAW BALES
SEDIMENT BARRIER - ORT ASD MODS
(STRAW BALE TYPE SHOWN) \ + A EQUIRE IZE RUNOFF TO BASIN
AS1REGlUIRED.
5UPFLY WATER TO WASH n
WHi—x'LS' IF NEG�55ARY.. /I /
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NOTE:2. WH2C1 NEG ARY, Y&IBEL5 SHALL Be GLE ANELD
1. THE ENTRANCE SHALL BE MAINTAINED. IN A PRIOR TO ENTRANCE ONTO FUSLIG RIGHT-OF-YiAY.
CONDITION THAT WILL PREVENT TRACKING OR S. WHEN WASHING 15 REWIRED: IT SHALL BE DONE
FLOWS OF SEDIMENT OTLTO PUS1-IG RIGHTS- ON AN AREA STABLIZED NTH GRU5HW 5TONE
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of -AY. -,HIS MAY FZMUTZE TOP DRESSING, ..STT DRAIN5 INTO AN APPROVED SEDIMENT TRAP
REPAIR AND/OR GLFJ�NGUT OF ANY MEASURES OR �,�r.PHEI.1T BASIN.
USED 'f0 TRAPSEDIM3:NT•..
Plate 4.03a Temporary Gravel Construction Entrance
Source: Erosion Draw
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4 - Best Manzi
Practices for Erosion.and Sediment. Control
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Plate 4a03b Seil TrackingPrevention Device
source: FDOT Roadway and Traffic Design Standards
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mwlelari4 roma swaaaa Aa_wwaan rare ro =wim.
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Plate 4[436 Soil Tracking Prevention Device
Source: FOOT Roadway and Traffic Design. Standards
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and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual .
Washing
If conditions on the site are such that most of the mud is not removed by the vehicles
traveling over the gravel, then the tires of the vehicles must be washed before entering a
public road. Wash water must be carried away from the entrance to a settling area to
remove sediment (See Plate 4.03b). A wash rack may also be used to make washing
more convenient and effective (See Plate 4.03c).
Location
The entrance should be located to provide for maximum utility by all construction vehicles.
Construction Specifications
The area of the entrance should be cleared of all vegetation, roots, and other objectionable
material. A geotextile should be laid down to improve stability and simplify maintenance.
The gravel shall then be placed over the geotextile to the specified dimensions.
Any drainage facilities required because of washing should be constructed according to
approved specifications. If wash racks are used, they should be installed according to
manufacturer's specifications.
Maintenance
The entrance shall be maintained in a coridition which will prevent tracking or flow.of mud
onto public rights-of-way. This may require periodic top dressing with 2 -inch (5 cm) stone,
as conditions .demand, and repair and/or clean out of any structures used to trap
sediments; All materials spilled, dropped, washed, ortracked from vehicles onto roadways
or into storm drains must be removed immediately. Look for signs of trucks and trailered
equipment "cutting corners" where the gravel meets the roadway. Sweep the .paved road
daily for sediments and stones.
Plate 4.03c Construction Entrance with Wash Rack
Source: 1983 Marviand Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control
4-10
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4 -Best Management Practices for Erosion:and Sediment control
40 .4.04 CONSTRUCTION ROAD STABILIZATION
(ES BMP 1.02)
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Definition
The temporary stabilization of access roads, subdivision roads, parking areas, and other
on-site vehicle transportation routes with stone immediately after grading..
Purposes
1. To reduce the erosion and degradation of temporary roadbeds by construction
• traffic, especially during wet weather.
2. To reduce the erosion and minimize regrading of permanent roadbeds between the
time of initial grading and final stabilization.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Wherever stone -base roads or parking areas are constructed, whether permanent or
temporary, for use by construction traffic.
Planning Considerations
r Areas which are graded for construction vehicle transport and parking purposes are
especially susceptible to erosion. The exposed soil surface is continually. disturbed,
leaving no opportunity for Vegetative stabilization. Such areas also tend to collect.and
transport runoff waters along their surfaces. During.wet weather, they often become
muddy quagmires which generate, significant quantities of sediment that may pollute
nearby streams or be transported off-site on the wheels of construction vehicles. Dirt roads
s can become so unstable during wet weather that they are virtually unusable.
Permanent roads and: parking areas should: be paved as soon as possible after grading.
to - However, it is understandable that funds forthis may not be available -in the early
phases of the development project. As an alternative, the early application of stone may
solve potential erosion and stability problems and eliminate later regrading costs.
r Immediate stabilization of such areas with stone may cost more money initially, but it may
actually save money over the life. of the project by increasing the usefulness_ of the road
during wetweather. Some of the stone will also probably remain in place for use as part of
the final base course of the road, thereby offsetting the initial expenditure.
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Florida Erosion and Sediment Control inspector's Manual
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Specifications
Temporary Access Roads and Parking Areas
1. Temporary roads shall follow the contour of the natural terrain to the extent
possible. Slopes should not exceed 10 percent.
2. Temporary parking areas should be located on naturally flat areas to minimize
grading. Grades should be sufficient to provide drainage but should not exceed
4 percent.
3. Roadbeds shall be at least 14 feet (5:5 m) wide for one-way traffic and 20 feet
(8 m) wide for two-way traffic.
4. All cuts and fills shall have side slopes that are stable for the particular soil.
Slopes of 2:1 or flatter are recommended for clay soils, and slopes of 3:1 or flatter
are recommended for sandy soils.
5. Stormwater system shall be provided as needed and shall be designed and
constructed according to applicable regulations.
6. The roadbed or parking surface shall be cleared of all vegetation, roots, and other
objectionable material:
7. A 6 inch (15 cm) course of FDOT No. 1 aggregate shall be applied immediately
after grading or the completion of utility installation within the right-of-way. Filter
fabric may be applied to the roadbed for additional stability according to the
fabric manufacturer's specifications.
Permanent Roads and Parking Areas
Permanent roads and parking areas shall be designed and constructed according to
applicable FDOT. or local criteria except that an initial base course of gravel of at least 6
inches (15 cm) shall be applied immediately following grading.
Vegetation
All roadside ditches, cuts, fills and disturbed areas. adjacent to parking areas and roads
shall be stabilized with appropriate temporary or permanent vegetation according to the
applicable vegetative practices contained in this handbook.
Maintenance
Both temporary and permanent roads and parking areas may require periodictop dressing
with new gravel. Seeded areas adjacent to the roads and parking areas should be
checked periodically to insure that avigorous stand of vegetation is maintained. Roadside
ditches and other drainage structures should be checked regularly to insure that they do
not become clogged. with silt or other debris.
4-12
)ter4 - Best. Management Practices for Erosion and
4.05 S T RAVV BP,C E BARRIER
(ES BMP 4.05)
Definition
No A temporary sediment barrier consisting of a row of entrenched and anchored straw bales.
Purposes
• 1. To intercept and detain small amounts of sediment from disturbed areas of limited
extent.
2. To decrease the velocity of sheet flows and low -to -moderate level channel flows.
"' Conditions Where Practice Applies
1. Below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion.
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2. Where the size of the drainage area is no greater than 1/4 acre per 100 feet (1.3
ha/100 m) of barrier length; the maximum slope length behind the barrier is 100 feet
(30 m); and the maximum slope gradient behind the barrier is 50 percent (2:1).
3. In minor swales or ditch lines where the maximum contributing drainage area is no
greater than 2 acres(0.8 ha).
4. Where effectiveness is required for less than 3 months.
Under no circumstances should straw bale barriers be constructed in streams or in
swales where there is a possibility of a washout.
r
Planning Considerations
Improper use of straw bale barriers has been a major problem. Straw bale barriers have
been used in streams and drainageways where high water velocities and volumes have
destroyed or impaired their effectiveness. Improper placement and installation of the
barriers, such as staking the bales directly to the ground with no soil seal or entrenchment,
has alloyed undercutting and end flow. This has resulted in additions instead of removal
of sediment from runoff waters. Finally, inadequate maintenance lowers the effectiveness
of these barriers. Trapping efficiencies of carefully installed straw bale barriers on one
project in Virginia dropped from 57 percent to 16 percent in one month due to lack of
•
maintenance.
There are serious questions about the continued use of straw bale barriers as they are
presently installed and maintained. Averaging approximately $3 to $6 per linear foot
°n installed ($10 to $20 / m) the thousands of straw bale barriers used annually in Florida
represent sufficient expense that optimum installation procedures should be emphasized.
If such procedures are carefully followed, straw bale barriers can be quite effective.
4-1.3
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
FLOW RATE7[CFSSSJ
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RECOMMENDED SPACING FOR TYPE I AND TYPE ff'HAY BALE BARRIERS, AND' TYPE M -SILT FENCES
Plate 4.05a FDOT Standard Index 102, Chart 1
Source: FDOT Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook
4-14
Chapter 4 - Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control
Plate 4.45b Construction of a Straw Bale Barrier .
Source: NRCS
r
4-15
0
da Erosion anc
e
4 UJD-ES GIM
i EXCAVATE TFE TRENCI-t
ntrol Inspector's Manual
rx a' SWE
VERGE LIMSE STRAY
c7J BPL ES
B PLACE AND STAKE STRAY BALES
3. BACKFILL AND CDMPACT EXCAVATED SM
100.a.il
I I:
.. 31 ml .
1
aRl W
411.E ' -. ,-•
CRESS -SECTION OF A PROPERLY INSTALLED STRAW BALE
Plate 4.05c Installation of Straw Bates
Source: HydroDynamics, Inc. .
4-16
Chanter 4: Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control
n
Desiarf Criteria
i A formal design is not required for many small projects and for minor or incidental
applications. For larger projects referto Figure 4.05a (FDOT Standard Index 102, Chart 1)
• for guidance on recommended spacing.
Construction Specificattons
Sheet Flow Applications
.� 1. Bales shall be placed in a single. row, lengthwise on the contour, with ends of
adjacent bales tightly abutting each other.
• 2. All bales shall be either wire -bound or string -tied: Straw bales shalt be installed so
that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than along the tops. and
bottoms of the bales (in order to prevent deterioration of the bindings). (See Plate
• 4.05b)
3. The barrier shall be entrenched and backfilled. A trench shall be excavated. the
,., width of a bale and the length.of the proposed barrier to a minimum depth of 4
inches (10 cm). After the bales are staked and chinked, the excavated soil shall be
backfilled against the barrier. Backfill soil shall conform to the ground level on the
., downhill side and shall be built up to 4 inches (10 cm) against the uphill side of the
barrier (See Plate 4.05c)
,. 4. Each bale shall be securely anchored by at least two 2" x 2" (5 cm x. 5 cm)
minimum wooden stakes or two #5 (16 mm) minimum rebars at least 3 feet (0.9 m)
driven through the bale. The first stake in each bale shall be driven toward the
previously laid bale to force the bales together. Stakes or rebars shall be driven
deep enough into the ground to securely anchor the bales.Straw bale barriers
placed on paved surfaces may be secured by .placing heavy sand bags on top,
and/or by bracing with 2_x 4's (5 x 10 cm). (See Plate 4.054)
5. The gaps between bales shall be chinked (filled by wedging) with straw to prevent
water from escaping between the bales. (See Plate 4.05b) Loose straw
scattered over the area immediately uphill from a straw bale barrier tends to
increase barrier efficiency.
6. When bales are installed atthe toe.of a slope, they should be placed away from the
slope for increased. storage capacity. (See Plate 4.05e)
~ 7. Inspection shall be frequent and repair or replacement shall be made promptly as
needed.
8. Straw bale barriers shall be removed when they have served their usefulness, but
not before the upslope areas have been permanently stabilized.
Iii
W
Flo
and Sediment.Control Inspector's Manu
1 SECTION A - A
UANCR.E STAKE TONARO
FRZVIOU5OVIze BALE IT .
►A FROYIDE T{6iiT FIT
3
°�
LA
SECTION B - B HOOVER STAKE
OR REBAR ORNMN
THROU&H BALI=.
LL1
PLAN
NOTES:
I. THE 5TRAN BALES SHALL BE PLACED
ON SLOPE CONTOUR.
2; BALES TO Be FLAC;=D IN A RON NTH THE
ENOSMbti -Y ABUTTIN6. USE 5TR.A^ ROCKS,
Plate 4 �35d Straw Sale Barrier OR FILTER FABRIC TO PILL GAPS BETNEN THE
5ALE5 ANO TAMP THE SACK' -ILL MATMAL TO
source: Erosion Draw. PREVEHT. MwSIOH OR FLON AROUND BALES.
Plate 4.05d Straw Bale Barrier
Source: Erosion Draw
L_
iter 4- Best Management Practices for Erosion
Channel Flow Applications
1. Bales shall be placed in a single row, lengthwise, oriented perpendicular to the
contour, with ends of adjacent bales tightly abutting each other.
2. The remaining steps for instailing a straw bale barrier for sheet flow applications
apply here, with the following addition.
3. The barrier shall be extended to such a length thatthe bottoms of the end bales are
OW higher in elevation than the top of the lowest middle bale to assure that sediment -
laden runoff will flow eitherthrough or overthe barrier, but not around it. (See Plate
4.05f)
r
Maintenance
+r 1. Straw bale barriers shall be inspected immediately after each rainfall and -at least
daily during prolonged rainfall.
r 2. Close attention shall be paid to the repair of damaged bales, end runs and
undercutting, beneath bales.
3, Necessary. repairs- to,.barriers or replacement of bales shall be accomplished
promptly.
or 4. Sediment deposits should be removed after each rainfall. They must be removed
when the level of deposition reaches approximately one-half the height of the
barrier.
of
M
rr
5. Any sediment deposits remaining in place after the straw bale barrier is no longer
required shall be dressed to conform to the existing grade, prepared, and seeded.
Plate 4.05e Proper Placement of Straw Bales at the Toe of a Slope
Source: HydroDynamics, inc.
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspectors Manual
A
A
Points A Should be Higher than Point B
PROPER PLACEMENT OF STRAW BALE BARRIER IN DRAINAGE WAY
Plate 4.05f Proper Placement of Straw Sale Barrier in a Drainage Way
Source: Installation of Straw and Fabric Filter Barriers for Sediment Control. Sherwood and Wyant
4-20
IN
practices for Erosion and Sediment Control
r
4.06 SILT FENCE
(ES BMP 1.06)
Definition
Ow A temporary sediment barrier consisting of a filter fabric stretched across and attached to
supporting posts and:entrenched. There are two types.. The silt fence is a temporary linear
filter barrier constructed of synthetic filter fabric, posts, and, depending upon the strength of
the fabric used, wire fence for support. The filter barrier is constructed of stakes and
burlap or synthetic filter fabric.
r
Purposes
,r, 1. To intercept and detain small* amounts of sediment from disturbed areas during
construction operations.
2. To decrease the velocity of sheet flows and low -to -moderate level channel flows.
Conditions When Practice Applies
•
1. Below disturbed areas where erosion would occur in the formof sheet and rill.
erosion.
` 2. Where the size of the drainage area is no more than 114 acre per 100 feet (1.3 ha
1,1.00 m) of silt fence length; the maximum slope length behind the barrier is 100
w
feet (30 m); and the maximum gradient behind the barrier is 50 percent (2:1).
3. In minor swales or ditch lines where the maximum contributing drainage area is no
greater than. 2 acres (0.8 ha).
4. under no circumstances should silt fences be constructed in live streams or in
swales or ditch lines where flows are likely to exceed one cubic foot per second
(crs)(0.03 M31 sec.). See Design Criteria for further clarification.
� Planning Considerations
Silt fences can trap a much higher percentage of suspended sediments than can straw
bales and may be preferable to straw barriers in many cases. While the failure rate of silt
fences is lower than that of straw, barriers, this failure rate is still due mainly to improper
installation. The most effective application is to install two parallel silt fences spaced a
minimum of three feet apart. The installation and maintenance methods outlined here can
improve performance.
.. Filter barriers are inexpensive structures composed of burlap or standard weight synthetic
filter fabric stapled to wooden stakes. Flow rates through burlap filter barriers are slightly
slower and filtering efficiency is significantly higher than for straw bale barriers.
w
4-21
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control
ector's Manual
Tm��c CFLORFS -
7 WTEe Socmigi 4M.n a IbR eMrl are heed vn e S -
Feneraneed liom vM afloWd 4 edjoeled Ven/ U9N
bored m mywl alto per/ernonce er hvdr hE Lipdt > 5 <0
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♦
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♦
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4 1
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2` c
L%mS;dkW Ow
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I
f00 450 2fA 250 .300 550 400
Spoding (In Feel)
CHART I.
RECOMMENDED SPACING FOR TYPE I AND TYPE If HAY BALE BARRIERS, AND TYPE TTSILT FENCES
Plate 4,06a MOT Standard Index 102, Chart 1
Source: FOOT Roadway and Traffic Design Standards
4-22
W
:er 4 - Best Mana
for Erosion and Sediment Control
Silt fences composed of a wire support fence and an attached synthetic filter fabric slow
the flow rate significantly but have a higher filtering efficiency than burlap. Both woven and
non -woven synthetic fabrics are commercially available. The woven fabrics generally
display higher strength than the non -woven fabrics. When tested under acid and alkaline
water conditions, most of the woven fabrics increase in strength. There are a variety of
reactions among the non -woven fabrics. The same is true of testing under extensive
ultraviolet radiation. Permeability rates vary regardless of fabric "type. While all of the
fabrics demonstrate very, high. filtering efficiencies for sandy sediments, there is
considerable variation among both woven and non -woven fabrics when filtering the finer silt
and clay particles.
Desia�n Catena
No formal design is required for many small projects and for minor and incidental
applications. For. channel flow applications refer to FOOT Standard Index 102,
Chart 1 (Plate 4.06a) for guidance on recommended spacing.'
Filter barriers shall have. an expected usable life of 3 months,
ons wile a They . applicable
in ditch lines, around drop, inlets, and at temporary ..
construction changes, the earth contour and runoff chardcferinuous
istimand where low or
moderate flows (not exceeding 1 cfs) (0.03 rn / sec.} areszpecfed.
Silt fences, because they have much lower permeability thanburlap filter barriers,
have their app.licability limited to situations in which only sheet or overland flows are
expected. They normally cannot filter the volumes of water.generated by channel
flows, and many fabrics do not have sufficient structural strength tosupport the
weight of water ponded behind the fence line. Their expected usable life is E
months.
2.
3.
r
r✓
go truction Specifications
Materials
Synthetic filter fabric shall be a pervious sheet of propylene, nylon, polyester, or
polyethylene yarii: Synthetic filter fabric shall contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and
stabilizers to provide. a: minimum of 6 months of. expected usable construction life
at a temperature range of 0°. F to 120° F` (17C to. 49P
Burlap shall be 10 ounces per square. yard (340 gfm) fabric.
3. 4 inch (10 cm}diameter wood, or 1.33 pounds
Posts for silt fences shall be either
„ per linear foot (2 kg/m) steel with a minimum length of 5 feet (1.5 m). Steel posts
shall have projections for fastening wire to them.
4. Stakes for filter barriers shall be 1" x 2" (2.5 x 5 cm) wood (preferred), or equivalent
metal with a minimum length of 3 feet (90 cm).
2.
to
4-23
1. Set Stakes
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
W 11
111111-
!11111 '-=il{1►
3. Staple Filter Material to Stakes
and Extend R into the Trench
2 Excavate a 4 x.4' Trench
Upslope Along the Line of Stakes
i
4. Bacldlli and Compact the
Excavated Soil
.1
. ill{I► iFlow
�inmc
Stieet Flow installation
(perspective View)
Points A Should be 1.ligherthan Paint B'
Dminageway installation
(Front Elevation)
Plate 4.06b Construction of a Filter Barrier
Source: NRCS
4-24
Chapter 4.- Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control
r
5, Wire fence reinforcement for silt fences using standard strength filter cloth shad be
a minimum of. 36 inches (90 cm) in height, a minimum of 14 gauge and shall have
a maximum mesh spacing of 6 inches (15 cm).
Sheet Flow Applications: Filter Barrier
This sediment barrier may be constructed using burlap or standard strength 3yntheticfiiter
fabric. It is designed for. low or moderate flows not exceeding 1 cfs. (0.03 m / sec.). (See
• Plate 4.06b)
1. The height of a filter barrier shall be a minimum of 15 inches (38 cm) and shall not
�++ exceed 18 inches (45 cm).
2. Burlap or standard strength synthetic filter fabric shall be purchased in a continuous .
• roiland cut to the length of the barrier to avoid the use of joints (and thus improve
I strength and efficiency of the barrier).
• 3. The stakes shall be spaced a maximum of 3 -feet (90 cm) apart at the barrier
location and driven securely into the ground a minimum of 8 inches (20 cm).
.► < 4, A trench shalt/ be excavated approximately 4 inches (10 cm) wide and 4 inches (10
cm) deep along the line of stakes and upsiope from the barriei.
+r 5. The filter material shall be stapled to the wooden stakes, and 8 inches (20 cm) of
the fabric shall be extended into the trench. Heavy duty wire staples at least 1/2
inch (13 mm) long, hog rings, or tie wire shall be used. Filter material shall not be
r stapled to existing trees.
6. The trench shall be backfilled and the sail compacted over the filter material.
r
7. Filter barriers shalt be removed when they have served their useful purpose, but not
before the upslcpe area has been permanently stabilized.
•r
Sheet Flow Application: Slit Fence
• This sediment barrier uses standard strength or extra strength synthetic filter fabrics. Itis
designed for situations in which only sheet or overland flows are expected.. (See Plate
4.06d)
r
1, The height of a silt fence shall not exceed 36 inches .(90 cm). Higher fences may
impound volumes of water sufficient to cause failure of the structure,
r
2. The filter fabric shall be purchased in a continuous roll cut to the length of the
barrier to avoid the use of joints. When joints are necessary, filter cloth shall be
spliced as described -in item No. 8 below.
r
r
Staked and Trenched
Silf Fence
and Sediment Control Inspector's Man
-?21min.
I I.
n
4"TYP-
49
Wire Reinforced
StaKed and Trenched
sill' Fence
c�vr4ace
Plate 4.06c Double Row Staked Silt Fence
Source: Reedy Creek Improvement District
3. Posts shall be spaced a maximum of 10 feet (3 m) apart at the barrier location and
driven securely into the ground a minimum of 12 inches (30 cm). When extra
strength fabric is used without the wire support fence, postspacing shall not exceed
6 feet (1.8 m).
4. A trench shall be excavated approximately 4 inches (10 cm) wide and 4 inches (10
cm) deep along the line of posts and upslope from the barrier.
5. When standard strength filter fabric is used, a wire mesh support fence shall be
fastened securely to the upslope side of the posts using heavy duty wire staples at
least 1 inch (25 mm) long, tie wires, or hog rings. The wire shall extend into the
trench• a minimum of 2 inches (5 cm) and shall not extend more than 36 inches
(90 cm) above the original.ground surface.
6. The standard strength filter fabric. shall be stapled or wired to the fence, and 8
inches (20 cm) of the.fabric shall be extended into the trench. The fabric shall not
extend more than 36 inches (90 cm) above the original ground surface:
4-26
Chapter 4 - Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control
r
7. When extra strength filter fabric and closer post spacing are used, the wire mesh
support fence may be eliminated. In such a case, the filter fabric is stapled or
"■ wired directly to the posts with all other provisions of item No. 6 applying.
8. When attaching two silt, fenIces together, place the end post of the second fence
inside the end post of the first fence. Rotate both posts at least 180 degrees on a
clockwise directlori to create a tight seat with the filter fabric. Drive both posts_ into
+r.
the ground and bury the flap. (See Plate 4.06g)
9, The french shall be.backflled and the soil compacted over the filter fabric.
10. The most effective application consists of'a double row of silt fences spaced a
minimum of three feet apart. ,The. three foot:sepaination is so that if the first row
collapses it will not fall on the second row.- Wire 'or. synthetic mesh is may be used
to reinforce the first row. (See Plate 4.06c)
11. When used to,contrel sediments from a steep slope, silt ferices should. be placed
away from the toe of the slope for increased holding capacity. '(See Plate 4.06f)
12. Silt fences shall be removed when they have served their useful purpose, but not
before the upslope area has been permanently stabilized.
Channel Flow Applications
1. If a filter barrier is to be constructed across a ditch line or swale; the barrier shall of
sufficient .length such that the bottom of the end sections of fence are higher in
elevation than the top of the center section to eliminate end flow.: The pian
configuration shall resemble an arc or horseshoe with the ends oriented upslope.
(See Plate 4.06b).
2. Use FDOT Standard Index 102, Chart 1(Plate 4.06a) as a guide for spacing.
41 3. The remaining steps for installing a filter barrier for sheet flow applications apply
here.
Maintenance
1. Silt fences and filter barriers shall be inspected immediately after each rainfall and
at least daily during prolonged rainfall. Any required repairs shall be made
immediately.
2. Should the fabric on a silt fence or filter barrier decompose or become ineffective
before the end of the expected usable life and the barrier still be necessary, the
fabric shall be replaced promptly.
3. Sediment deposits should be removed after each storm event. They must be
removed when deposits reach approximately. one-half the height of the barrier.
4-27
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual t
1
FOR ADDITIDNAL STRENGTH.
FILTER FABRIC MATERIAL CAN
BE ATTACHED TO A 6 -INCH (MA)0
MESH VIRE SCREEN '•RICH HAS
BEEN FASTENED TO THE POSTS
ATTACHING TV0 SILT FENCES
-map AJ
=1—
Plate 4.06d Installing a Filter Fabric Silt Fence
Source: HydroDynamics, Inc.
4-28
r
Chaoter 4 - Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control.
EXTRA 5TREg6T-t f PILT—rrz r-ABRIC
NEED MTHMT AIRF t�mSH SUPFORT
lo
_ — I, /,jl�iiji.,ji V 1
,1 I/ q1 / / / s
i • ' • ago
nO°°tIpApp�1� /�;ii:'aii��idiiiS01:0 sopII
i` 11106011 °tijjpl,j%It'jAI'tjl/i 11, 110 ..
q{'`1,B1f
q
��/�• 11—IB /iii /i ri �/��O/� ��.� - orr�
Big
11,111111181 11"1 51511,111pipts, Bill 012"
Jill v Sol
ills is pill lots gas,
111111111315111
NZ/
����
rz
s �
. _.
�Itiv[wli F
QiElfftoj
r Plate 4:06e Silt Fence
Source: Erosion Draw
•
429
Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
4. Any sediment deposits remaining in place after the silt fence or filter barrier is no.
longer required shall be dressed to conform with the existing grade, prepared, and
seeded.
Plate 4.06f Proper Placement of a Silt Fence at the Toe of a Slope
Source: HydroDynamics, Inc
�i
Place the end post
of the second fence
inside the end post
of the first fence
Rotate both post at
least I so degrees in a
clockwise direction to
create a tight seal with
the fabric material
Direction of Runoff Waters Drive both post about
10 inches into the
r-- ground and bury flap
1411111
Plate 4.068 Attaching Two Silt. Fences
Source: HydroDynamics,Inc.
4 30
Chaater.4 -. Best Management Practices for Erosion and
4.07 BRUSH BARRIER_
(ES BMP 1.07)
r -
Definition
A temporary sediment barrier constructed at the perimeter of a disturbed area from the
residue materials available from clearing and grubbing the site.
" Pur ose
To intercept and' retain sediment from .disturbed areas of limited extent, preventing
sediment from leaving the site.
Condit'sons Where Practice Applies
` Below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion, where enough residue material is
available for construction of such a barrier.
r
0
Planning Considerations.
Organic litter and spoil material from site clearing operations is usually burned or hauled
away to be dumped elsewhere. Much of this material can be used effectively on the
construction site itself. During clearing and grubbing operations, equipment can push or
dump the mixture of limbs, small vegetation and root mat along with minor amounts of soil
and rock into windrows along the toe of a slope where erosion and accelerated runoff are
expected. Anchoring 'a filter fabric over the berm enhances the filtration ability of the
barrier. Because brush barriers are fairly stable and composed of natural materials,
maintenance requirements are small.
Desna_ n_ C'r�a
A formal design is not required.
Construction Specifications::
The height of a brush barrier shall be a minimum of 3 feet (90 cm).
The width of a brush barrier shall be a minimum of 5 feet (1.5 m) at its base. (The
sizes of brush barriers may vary considerably based upon the amount of material
available and ttie judgment of the design engineer.)
The barrier shall be constructed by piling brush, stone; root mat and other material
from the clearing process into a mounded row on the contour.
If a Ater fabric is used (Plate 4.07a):
y across the
arrier from.its
4 The filter fabric shall be cut upslope base to just beyond its peak.lengthsnto Where joints are necessary, the fabric hall
r 4-31
Chapter 4 - BestMana ement Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control
4.OS STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION
{ES SMP 1.(18)
Definition
A sediment filter or an excavated impounding area around a storm drain drop inlet or curb
inlet.
Pur ose
To prevent sediment from entering storm water conveyance systems prior to permanent
stabilization of the disturbed area.
Condition Where Practice Apwlies
Where storm drain inlets are to be made operational before permanent stabilization of the
disturbed drainage area. Different types of structures are applicable to different conditions
(see Plates 4.08a through 4.08h).
Plannina Considerations.
Storm sewers which are made operational before their drainage area is stabilized can
convey large amounts of sediment to receiving waters. In case of. extreme sediment
` loading, the storm sewer itself may clog and lose most of its capacity. To avoid these
problems, it is necessary to prevent sediment.from entering the system at the inlets.
This section contains several types of inlet filters and traps which have different
applications dependent upas site coxiditioosnencouraged, s and type of rbut onlet nly after specific ther innovative and
for accomplishing the same puree are
" details are submitted to.and approved by the stommwater permitting agency.
Note that these various inlet protection devices are for drainage areas of less than one
acre (0.4 ha). Runoff from large disturbed areas should be routed through a TEMPORARY
SEDIMENT TRAP - Section 4.25 (ES BMP 1.25).
ow
Desig_ n r9a
The drainage area shall be no greater than 1 acre (0.4 ha).
2, The inlet protection device shall be constructed to facilitate clean out and is
of trapped sediment and to minimize interference with construction activities.
3. The inlet protection devices shall be constructed so that any resultant ponding. or
stormwaterwiil not cause excessive inconvenience or damage to adjacent areas or
structures.
4. Design criteria more specificto each particularinlet protection devices will befound
on Plates 4.08a -h.
M
Drop Inlet
with Grate
•I RM I MT Mr.
� �n
Straw Bales
Staked with 2'
Stakes Per Bale
a Erosion and Sediment
Compacted Soil —
to Prevent Piping
Runoff Wate
wit
h•Sediment
Staked
Straw Bal e
Fi 1 tered
Water
Specific Application_
This method of inlet protection is applicable where the inlet
drains a relatively flat area (slopes no greater than 5 percent)where
sheet or overland flows (not exceeding 0.5 cfs.) are typical .• The'
method shall not apply to inlet= receiving concentrated flows, such
as in street or highway medians.
Plate 4.08a Straw Bale Drop Inlet Sediment Filter
Source: Michigan Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Guidebook
4=34
Cha ter 4 Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment. Control
INT HES S
CIL. TIGHTLY ABUTTING WITH NO
GAPS. STi*(ED AND E RE OUTSIDE PERIMETER EII AROUND THE
it to+�
F'tLTERED VATUZ
SECTION AA
AREA INLET
WITH'GRATE
NOTE STRAV BALE:
S PAVED FILTERS ARE SE
NOT TO BE UD IF AD,11ACENT AREA TO,
INLE
Plate 4.48b Straw Bale Filter for Area Inlet
Source: HydroQynamics, Inc.
and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
yaDOD STAKES'
STP.A%K,BALES
METAL REBAR. t}TIGHTLY 5TAGKF.D OR
e t}Q M OFP5ET CORNERS
AS SHOWN.
•�° ° 9��IN99f a o�
milli p
DRAIN
GRATE •a. g.. tl
Gi2AYEt
. - :°p° • BACKFILL
LE55 THAN A
5% 5LOPE
PLAN- VIEW.
PONDING HEIGHT STS GRAVEL
8.41 SAGKFILL
�j DROP \ EMBED 5TRAW
INLET BALE 4° MIN.
U INTO SOIL.
^JEcTIO A A .
NOTES, - - .. 3. ,Ya Too o� ' m STRlJGT.SRE .(POND f .
1. DRo,P INLET Sr"DIMEN NEARLY L DRAINAGE MUST Be INELL BELOW THE 6ROUND
AREAS• (LES THAN ` DOWNSLOPE TO PREVENT RUNOFr FROM Oy-
ASI
Z EMBED 111E BALES 4' INTO THE SOIL AND PA55IN6 THE INLET. EXCAVATION OP A BASIN
1 .EMee C. rrjM 5 5 OR PLACE B� Y1{TH ETID� ADJACENT. TO TFC DROP INLET ORA TE?'1P'
TIGHSLY ,4BUTING. bRAVEL BAGKPILL WILL ORARY DIKE ON THE DOWNSLOPE or THE
PREVENT �IoN oK FLOW A�D.T}g BAL=$. STRUCTURE MAY BB h>£GE55ARY-
Plate. 4.08c Straw Bale and Gravel Drop Inlet Sediment Barrier
Source: Erosion Draw
4-36
Chapter 4 -Best Management: Practices for Erosion and
Construction Specifications
Straw bale drop inlet filter
1. Bales shall be either wire -bound or string -tied with the bindings oriented around the
sides rather than over and under the bales.
2. Bales shall be placed lengthwise in a single row surrounding the inlet, with the
r ends of adjacent bales pressed together. (See Plate 4.08a)
3, The filter barrier shall be entrenched and backfilled. A trench shall be excavated
r around the inlet the width of a bale to a minimum depth of 4 inches (10 cm). After
the bales are staked, the excavated soil shall be backfilled and compacted against
the filter barrier. (See Plate 4.08b)
• 4, Each bale shall be securely anchored and held in place by at east two stakes or
rebars (See p. 4-17) driven through the bale.
g. Loose straw should be wedged between bales to prevent water from entering
between bales.
g. Gravel may be spread around the bates to improve stability.
See Plate 4.08c)
.. Fabric drop inlet sediment filter
1. Fabric shall be cut from a continuous roll to avoid joints.
�.
2, Stakes shall be 2" x 4." (5 pm x 10 cm) wood (preferred) or equivalent metal with a
minimum length of 3 feet (90 cm). (See Plate 4.08d)
rr
3. Staples shall be of heavy duty wire at least 1I2 -inch (13 mm) tong.
4. Stakes shall be spaced around the perimeter of the inlet a.maximum of 3 feet (90
cm) apart and securely driven into the ground minimum of 8 inches (20 cm). A
frame of 2" x 4" (5 cm x 10 cm) wood shall be constructed around the top of the
,. stakes for proper stability.
5. A trench shall be excavated approximately 4 inches (10 cm) wide and 4 inches (10
cm) deep around the outside perimeter of the stakes. (See Plate 4.08e)
g. The burlap shall be stapled to thewooden stakes, and 8 inches (20 cm) of the fabric
shall be extended into the trench. The height of the filter barrier shall be a minimum
of 15 inches (38 cm) and shall not exceed 18 inches (45 cm).
.. 7. The trench shall be backfilled and the soil compacted over the burlap.
4-37
0
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control InspE
DRAIN
GRATE
ATTAOH FILTER PABRIO
SLOURILY TO 2X4 WOOD
FRAMEr OVERL.APPINS
PABRIO TO NEXT STAKE'
18'
360 MAX
PLAN VIEW
TOP FRAME NEGE55ARY
FOR STABILITY
DROP'
INLET
SECTION A=A.
HT.
2x4 WOOD FRAME
4 SIDES OF 0.1.
Manual
NOTES.
I. DROP INLET SEDIMENT SAMMER5 ARE TO BE 4. THE TOP OF THE FRAME (PONDING_HMcHT)
USED FOR.5MALL, NEARLY LEVEL DRAINA6E MJST EM WELL BELOW THE GROUND ELEVATION'
AREAS.'(LE55 THAWS%) DOWNSLOPE TO PREVENT RUNG PROM BY -
2. USE 2X4 WOOD OR EQUIVALENT METAL 5TAKE50 PASSIN6 THE INLET. A TEMPORARY DIKE MAY
(3 FT. MIK LE46TH) Be NEGSSARY ON THE D01*15LOPE SIDE OF
3, INSTALL 2X4 WOOD TOP FRAME TO INSURE THE.STRUOTURE.
STABILITY: - I . '
Plate 4.08d Silt Fence Drop Inlet Sediment Barrier
Source: Erosion Draw
438
Chapter,4_-. Best Mana ement Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control.
•
Ilr
F7V ,. vrnn FRAME DROP INLET
STAKE
Elevation of Stake and
Fabiic orientaion
Detail A
IN.
A
HERS
Soecific Application
This method of inlet protection is appik able where the inlet drain'sng I a relatively flat area (slope no greater
fjcthan 5%) where the inie sheet or concentrated overland
flowsuch hlastin street'orr highway medians. l �B method shall not
apply to inlets receiving
Plate 4.089 Filter Fabric Drop Inlet Sediment Filter
Source: North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Manual
4-39
and Sediment Control Inspectors Manual
Gravel and wire mesh drop inlet sediment filter
Wire mesh shall be laid over the drop inlet so that the wire extends a minimum of
one foot (30 cm) beyond each side of the inlet structure. Hardware cloth or
comparable wire mesh with 1/2 inch (13 mm) openings shall be used. If more than
one strip of mesh is necessary, the strips shall be overlapped at least 1 ft. (30 cm).
2. FDOT No. 1 Coarse Aggregate (1.5" to 3.5" stone)(4 - 9 cm) shall be placed over
the wire mesh as shown on Plate 4.08c. The depth of stone shall be at least 12
inches (30 cm) over the entire inlet opening. The stone shall extend beyond the
inlet opening at least 18 inches (45 cm) on all sides. (See Plate 4.08f)
3, If the stone filter becomes clogged with sediment so that it no longer adequately
performs its function, the stones must be pulled away from the inlet, cleaned and
replaced.
NOTE: This filtering device has no overflow mechanism. Therefore; ponding is likely
especially if sediment is not removed regularly. This type of device must never be used
where overflow may endanger an exposed fill slope. Consideration should also be given to
the possible effects of ponding on traffic movement, nearby structures, working areas,
adjacent property, etc.
DEPTH)
RUNOFF WATER
WITH SEDIMENT
Jill
.011"WIRE MESH
SEDIMENT
FILTERED
WATER
i
Theis method of inlet protection Ismapplicable where heavy concentratadflOws are expected, but not where panding
around the smotura might cause excessive Inconvience or damage to adjacent structures and unprotected areas.
Gravel Shall be ..
Plate 4.08f Gravel and Wire Mesh Drop Inlet Sediment Filter
Source: Virginia DSWC
4-40
Chapter 4 - Best Mane merit Pracdces_for Erosion. and Sediment. Control
r
Block and gravel drop inlet sediment filter
1. Place concrete blocks lengthwise on their sides in a single row around the perimeter
of the inlet, with the ends of adjacent blocks abutting. The height of the barrier can
be varied, depending on design needs, by stacking combinations of 4 inch, 8 inch
` and 12 inch (101 20, and 30 cm) wide blocks. The barrier of blocks shallbeatleast
12 inches (30 cm) high andno greater than 24 inches (60 cm) high.
` 2, Wire mesh shall be placed over the outside vertical face (webbing) of the concrete
blocks to.prevent stone from being washed through theholes in the blocks.
Hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with 1/2 inch (13 mm) openings shall be
' used. (See Plate 4.08g)
N 3. Stone.shall.be piled against the wire to the tap of the block barrier. Suitable coarse
aggregate shall be used. (See Plate 4.08h)
4. if the stone filter becomes clogged with sediment so that it no longer adequately
performs its function, the stone must be pulled away from the blocks, cleaned and
replaced.
As a very temporary alternative, pervious burlap bags filled with gravel may be
placed around the inlet provided that there are no gaps between the bags. (See
Plate 4.08i)
6. Either of these two practices may be installed on pavement or bare ground
' Sod drop inlet sediment filter
q . Sail shall be prepared and sod installed` according to the specifications in SODDING
Section 6.67 (ES BMP 1.67).
2. Sod shall be placed to form a turf. mat covering the soil for a distance of 4 feet
(1.2 m) from each side of the inlet structure. (See Plate 4.08j)
Prefabricated drop inlet intemal filter baa (ACF Silt Sack)
1, Remove the grate over the catch basin and insert the filter device, then replace
r
grate to hold the device in position.
2. When sediments have accumulated to within one foot (30 cm) of the grate the filter
insert must be removed by a front-end loader orforklift. The filter may be discarded
' and replaced or it may be emptied, cleaned, and reused.
NOTE: This segment does not constitute a product endorsement.
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
A
Plate 4.089 Block and Gravel Drop Inlet Sediment Filter
Source: Erosion Draw
4-42
c
4 - Best
WIRE SCREEN
OVERFLOW
RUNOFF 1
WATER
WITH.
SEDIMENT
for. Erosion_
;
aje�
`—I❑❑ �:: _►. Flo:
. - DROP INLET
WITH GRATE
�— SEDIMENT 9="
Specific.Application
This method of inist protection is applicable where heavy flows are expected and where an overflow capacity
necessary to prevent excessive ponding around the structure.
• Gravel Shag be F007 #3, #357, or 06 Coarse Aggregate.
plate 4.08h Block and Gravel Drop Inlet Sediment Filter
Source: mchi an Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Guidebook
4-43
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspectors Manual
ell
I
RAM
I
I
I
I
l
I
1
SMI
r�.aps
me enm
r
VMGp,rL
CROSS-SECTION AA
CONCRETE BLOCK FILTER
► GaWW�
I SIDE VIEW
GRAVEL FILTER BAGS
IgtOTE: GRAVEL FILTERS MAY BE USED ON PAVEMENT OR BARE GROUND
i
Plate 4.081 Gravel Filters for Area Inlets
Source: HydroDynamics, Inc.
4-44
«
Chapter 4: -Best -Nana .emerit: Practices for Erosion.and Sediment Control,
Prefabricated drop inlet external filter (Suntree isles Grate Inlet Protector)
1. Place the device over the inlet. If the inlet has a grate, the device shall be secured
to the grate by means of a long toggle bolt. If the grate is not present, the device
shall be bolted directly to the -concrete.
« 2. Sediments shall be removed when they have accumulated to within one foot (30
cm) of the top of the device. The filter fabric elements shall be cleaned or replaced
« at that time.
NOTE: This segment does not constitute a product endorsement.
Gravel curb iniet sediment filter
s 1. Hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with 1/2 inch (13 mm) openings shall be
placed over the curb inlet opening so that at least.12 inches (30 cm) of wire extends
across the top of the inlet. cover and at least 12 Inches (30 cm) of wire extends
« across the concrete gutter from the inlet opening. (See.Plate 4.08k)
2, Stone shall be piled against the wire so as to anchor it against the gutter and inlet
it cover and to cover the inlet opening completely. FDOT No. 1 Coarse Aggregate
shall be used.
4W 3. An overflow weir can be constructed of 2" x 4" (5x 10 cm) boards to lessen ponding
from this practice. (See Plate 4.08>_)
« 4. If the stone filter becomes clogged with sediment so that it no longer adequately
performs its function, the stone must be pulled away from the block, cleaned and
replaced.
Block and oravel curb inlet sediment filter
Two concrete blocks shall be placed on their sides abutting the curb at either side
of the inlet opening.
« 2. A 2" x 4" (5 x 10 cm) board shall be cut and placed through the outer holes of each
spacer block to help keep the front blocks in place.
3. Concrete blocks shall be placed on their sides across the front of the inlet and
abutting the spacer blocks. (See Plate 4.08m)
r 4. Wire mesh shalt be placed over the outside vertical face (webbing) of the concrete
blocks to preventstone from being washed through the holes in the blocks.
Hardware cloth with 1/2 inch (13 mm) openings shall be used.
5. FDOT No. 1 Coarse Aggregate shall be piled against the wire to the top of the
barrier.
4-45
«
w
I
W VrI�
ediment Control Inspector's Manual
4•
W�Swlriw* W-4
FOUR 1 -FOOT mDE SMPS OF SOD ON
E?CH SIDE OF THE DROP INIFr
SPECIFIC APLUCATiON
THIS METHOD OF INLET PROTECTION IS APPPLICABLE ONLY AT THE TIME
OF PERMANENT SEEDING, TO PROTECT THE INLET FROM SEDIMENT AND
MULCH MATERIAL UNTIL PERMANENT VEGETATION HAS BECOME ESTABLISHED.
Plate 4.08j Sod Drop Inlet Sediment Filter
Source: Virginia DSWC
4-46
Florida
Erosion
ar
w
I
W VrI�
ediment Control Inspector's Manual
4•
W�Swlriw* W-4
FOUR 1 -FOOT mDE SMPS OF SOD ON
E?CH SIDE OF THE DROP INIFr
SPECIFIC APLUCATiON
THIS METHOD OF INLET PROTECTION IS APPPLICABLE ONLY AT THE TIME
OF PERMANENT SEEDING, TO PROTECT THE INLET FROM SEDIMENT AND
MULCH MATERIAL UNTIL PERMANENT VEGETATION HAS BECOME ESTABLISHED.
Plate 4.08j Sod Drop Inlet Sediment Filter
Source: Virginia DSWC
4-46
far Erosion and Sediment Control.
Jam.
GRAVEL FILTER 1.2
WIRE MESH
RUNOFF WATER
FILTERED WATER
....8.. "sC:�
lob
SEDIMENT —. 711PTF
- a ;
CONCRETE GUTTER 12" CURB INLET
Specific Aoblication
This method of inlet protection is applicable at curb inlets where ponding in front of the structure
is not likely to cause inconvenience or damage to adjacent structures and unprotected ares.
Gravel Shall be VDOT #3, #357, or #s Coarse Aggregate.
Plate 4.08k Gravel Curb Inlet Sediment Filter
Source: Virginia DSWC
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control
Manual
c, 121vcanu soacnu ,
7' x 4 WEIR y �
Z' X 4' SPACER
V WNUUM LENGTH
OF Z Jr
Z' X- 4' WOR --�
GRAVEL —�
Side Elevation
Perspective View
SAND BAG OR
ALTERNATE WEIGhT
4• 4i
SPECIFIC APPLICATION
THIS METHOD OF IN PROTECTION IS APPLICABLE /
TO CUR13 INLETS WHERE A STURDY, COMPACT INSTALLATION
IS DESIRED. EMERGENCY OVERFLOW CAPABILITIES ARE
MINIMAL, SO EXPECT SIGNIFICANT PONDING WITH THIS
MEASURE.
GRAVEL SHALL SE VDOT COARSE AGGREGATE
#3,. #357 OR #5
X x 4 SPACFR
PARE IAE3H
INLET
TO
PIPE _
Plate 4.08L Gravel Curb Inlet Sediment Filter with Overflow Weir
Source: Maryland Standards and Specifications for Soil Erosion and Sediment:Control
4-48
w
w
Chnoter 4 - Best
for Erosion and Sediment Control
M
M
M
M
w
7
M
In
r
,,. Plate 4.08m Block and Gravel Curb Inlet Sediment Barrier
Source: Erosion Draw-
w 4-49
11; w13m2jW6Qw
UiMLJ9&w. . n
Florida Erosion and Sedi
' NAVE PPPRMUPATELY 4 TO 5
041 -ES EIETVEFN (RAVEL FLTE3
EAAVEL FLIER VPPMMiATE LY HAGS AM a&ET
3/4 -DCH MNS7EM P.!® ro
T1P CF ATE a -03'S gel R ro FWE A TMJT 2'x 4' MARO
am CoqTper YM
S PPFS�@14TEL T
C#'
PUM GRAVEL FILTER
BAG2k4'. VCOO STW EXTENOEa S 517E MI -
GAPS
}
GAP
mm 034or E EIII76 . 1 4S S PRE EVftEVIU: !!i
3!4 -PCH OMME1 IIMABEG IN PUN 1=
ajl. P aAM CR T11N EM IET BAA .
. --�a/8•IICE tOM A i FO(M ELY N Me&
UM 12 IC�a MM AW ra 740i�S
6c aR8 TEI(iT0 E4G4
I
QYE73 it77 Zx4' LO® STLDI- - CONCRETE WALK ' FAVDEW
rasslr � '�'j
FILTER PLACE GRAVEL F'LTFR
FILTER A 4-qJ-1]
�E Y.. SAGS ARi TEV+i W
. . CaAPS'AIiE EVIi}7`1T
CROSS-SECTION AA I FRONT VIEW
CONCRETE BLOCK FILTER GRAVEL FILTER BAGS
f
NOTE GRAVEL FILTERS CAN BE USED ON PAVEMENT OR BARE GROUND
Plate 4.08n Curb Inlet Gravel Filters
source: HydroDynamics, Inc.
4-50
chanter 4 -_Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment. Control
8, If the stone filter becomes clogged with sediment so that it no longer adequately
performs its function, the stone must be pulled away from the block, cleaned and
r replaced.
7. As an alternate, gravel filled burlap bags may be stacked tightly around the curb
r inlet. (See Plates 4.08n and 4.08o)
Curb and Gutter Sediment Barrier
1. Place gravel filled burlap bags on gently sloping street segments according to the
spacing chart.. (See Plate 4.08p)
r 2. Place two or more bags at each interval in a manner which provides maximum
support.
r 3. When stacking several bags high, leave a one bag gap to provide an overflow
spillway. (See Plate 4.08q)
4, Sediments must be removed after each rain event.
Maint_ enance
1: The structure shall be inspected after each rain and repairs made as needed.
r
2. Sediment shall be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when
the sediment has accumulated to 112 of the design depth of the trap. Removed
sediment shall be deposited in a suitable area and in such a manner that it will not
erode.
Structures shall be removed and the area stabilized when the remaining drainage
area has been properly stabilized.
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
of 51ve4ALK
GRAVEL FIL.Lr=D'5AND5AG5
ARE 5TACKEV TI&H LY.�
ctKc:n�.f:S•�
13
CATCH BA51H
BACK OF CL'95
CURB INLPT fo��
`a' PLAN VIEW
CURa INL�. r
� SIMKALK
CATCH INI 6�N SECTION A - A
Plate 4.080 Curb Inlet Sediment Barrier
Source: Erosion Draw
4-52
s
Chapter 41- Best Mana ementPracticesJor Erosion and Sediment Control _
SIDEWALK
SEDIMENT KnMJ.ATM
LADEN
FLOWS
CURB SEDIMENT - TRAP
F
E
E 1000
T
B
E
Wtoo
E
E
N
B
A
R
R
I
E '
S
TNLET
0
OVERFLOW
SPACING BETWEEN GRAVEL
BAG CURB FILTERS
% iu%
STREET SLOPE
Plate 4.08P Gravel Bag Curb Sediment Filters
Source: HydroDynamics, Ina
4-53
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
Florida Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's Manual
SACK OP 51DEWALK
GRAS PILLED SANDSA45
STACKED TISHTLY:
PWi VIEW
NOTES:BARRIERS ON
=
I. M -Az Cer-OHENURS Tri. MIME
WATE¢ Aili
GENTLY SLO?IN5 5Tv-ALL DI I SaDIMENT TO
GAN POND ,
SE -FAR -ATE PROM 14t4OFFMPFLAF OR NIO �N
AGS OP EITHERFASR16, ARE FILLED WITH GRAVEL.
LAYERED AND'PAGKED TIGM P IN THE TOP ROW
3. LEAYE A ONE SpjlpSAb' OW:
TO PROVIDE A SFILLYJAY. �H0 SEDIMENT
4. INSpEGT BARRIERS AND SEDIMENT AND
A1T -eAGH STORM EVENT,
�'E
71RAVE.,r' YrAY11�1ATELYI T+
CATCH BASIN
GUF.B INLET
BACK OP CURS
Plate 4.08q Curb and Gutter Sediment Barrier
Source: Erosion Draw
454
M
7]
nhnnter4- Best.Management.Practices
4.15 TEMPORARY DIVERSION DIKE
{ES BMP
Defer itton
A temporary ridge of compacted soil located at the top or base of a sloping disturbed area.
M
r Pur__S
1. To divert storm runoff from higher drainage areas away from unprotected slopes to
a stabilized outlet.
m a disturbed area to a sediment trapping
2. To divert sediment -laden runoff fro
facility.
ConditionWhere PracticeAplies
to
ect
or
Wherevrsormon r runoff
during construct on rr{ These structures ures generallye have aslife
retain sediments
expectancy of 18 months or less.
Planning Considerations
r
ke isaur ng est blishment of permanent stabilization rlzon slop ngr
ed outleto
Atemporary diversion
a sediment trapping facilityosed slopes
disturbed areas. When used at the ed at of a the base of a slope, e, the structure protects
structure protects
by keeping upland runoff away.
adjacent and downstream areas by diverting sediment -laden runoff to a sediment trapping
facility.
If the dike is going to remain in place for longer than 30 days, it is very important that it be
established with temporary or Permanent vegetation. The slope behind the dike is also an
important consideration. The dike must have a positive grade to assure drainage, but if the
slope is too great, precautions must be taken to prevent erosion due to high velocity flow
behind the dike.
This practice is considered an economical one because it uses material avThe useful ble on thee
site and can usually be constructed with equipment needed for site grading.
of the practice can be extended by stabilizing the dike with vegetation.
As specified herein, this practice is intended to be temporary. However, with more
stringent design criterla, it can be made permanent.in accordance with DIVERSIONS
Section 5.18 (ES BMP 1.18).
w
r
W
Erosion and Sediment Control
Design Cntena
No formal design is required. The following criteria shall be met:
Drainage ge Area
The maximum allowable drainage area is 5 acres (2 ha).
nual I
Dimensions
The minimum allowable beight measured from the upslope side of the dike is 18 inches (45
cm). Top width shall be a minimum of 2 feet (60 cm) with a minimum base width of 4.5 feet
(1.4 m). (See Plate 4.15a)
Side Slopes
3:1 or flatter.
Grade
The channel behind the dike shall have a positive grade to a stabilized outlet. If the
channel slope is less than or equal to 2%,.no stabilization is usually required. If the slope
is greater than 2%, the channel shall be stabilized in accordance with STORMWATER
CONVEYANCE CHANNEL - Section 5.35 (ES BMP 1.35),
Outlet
1. The diverted runoff, if free ,of sediment, must be released through a stabilized
outlet or channel.
2. Sediment -laden runoff must be diverted and released through a sediment trapping
facility.
construction Spec fications
1. Whenever feasible, the dike should be built before construction begins on the
project.
2. The dike should be adequately compacted to prevent failure.
3. Temporary, or permanent seeding and mulch shall be applied to the dike within 15
days of construction.
4. The dike should be located to minimize damages by construction operations and
traffic.
71
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M
IS
L
IN
w
n
4, Best Management Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control.
Maint_ nance
The measure shall be inspected after every storm and repairs made to the dike, flow
channel and outlet, as necessary. Approximately once every week, whether a storm has
occurred or not, the measure shall be inspected and repairs made if needed. Damages
caused by construction traffic or other activity must be repaired before the end of each
working day,
Plate 4.16a Temporary Diversion Dike
Source: Virginia DSWC
4-57
Florida Erosion and.Sedimen'
This page left intentionally blank
Control Inspector's Manual
Y'viai
Chapter 4 Best Management Practices forErosion and Sediment Cantro(
4.16 TEMPORARY FILL DIVERSION
(ES BMP 1.16)
.Definition
r A channel with a supporting ridge on the lower side cut along the top of an active earth fill.
r Purpose
To divert storm runoff away from the unprotected slope of the fill to a stabilized outlet or
�s sediment trapping facility
Gonditians Where Practice Applies
Where the drainage area at the top of an active earth fill slopes toward the exposed slope
and where continuous fill operations make the use of a DIVERSION - Section 5.18 (ES
,. BMP 1.18.) unfeasible. This temporary structure should remain in place for less than one
week.
,. Planning Considerations. .
One imp ortantprincipIs of erosion and sediment control is to keep stormwater runoff away
,. from exposed- slopes. This. is often accomplished by installing a dike, diversion or paved
ditch at the top of a slope to cant' the runoff away from the slope to a stabilized outlet or
downdrain. In general; tfiese measures are installed .after the final grade has been
reached. On cuts, the measures may be installed at the beginning since the work
proceeds from the top and the measures have little chance of being covered or damaged.
On fills, the work proceeds from the bottom.ta the top and the elevation changes daily. It is
w therefore not feasible to construct a compacted dike or permanent diversion which may be
covered by the next day's activity.
,F The temporary fill diversion is intended to provide some slope protection on a daily basis
until final elevations are reached and a more permanent measure can be constructed.
This practice can be constructed by the use of a motor grader or one of the smaller dozers.
,. To shape the diversion, the piece of machinery used may run near the edge of the fill with
its blade tilted to form the channel as described in Plate 4.16a. This work should be done
at the end of the working day and shouldtprovide acchannel with a berm o sloped to d sect
., the lower side
to protect the slope. Wherever possible, the temporary
version should
water to a stabilized outlet. If the runoff is diverted over the fill itself, the practice may
cause more problems than it solves by concentrating water at a single point.
M
so
4-59
Erosion and Sediment Control Inspector's. Manual
cn (ZI^MR
Plate 4.16a Temporary Fill Diversion.
Source: Virginia DSWC
4-60-