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2 . Backfill — Only good quality backfill , free of stones , roots , rocks , broken cement or other material that might be damaging to the pipe shall be used . Backfill must be put in the trench in lifts . 31 Compaction — All pipe must be compacted by hand tamping to the centerline , under the pipe . Backfill shall be compacted in lifts up to the surface to achieve a minimum compaction of 98 % of maximum density in roadways , shoulders , and easements in accordance with AASHTO Specifications T- 180 and ASTM 13-2167 . 4 . Dewatering — Construction shall be accomplished in a dry trench . Well pointing may be required , as necessary. All water entering excavations or other parts of the work shall be contained , collected and pumped to suitable places for disposal as permitted by the Local , State or Water Management District, 5 . Sheeting — Sheeting and shoring shall be installed as may be necessary for the protection of the work , preservation of adjacent property and structures and the safety of employees . Sheeting and bracing shall be uniform to OSHA requirements . E . Installation of water mains must be in accordance with latest AWWA Standard Specifications C- 600 Series , irrespective of the type of pipe selected . All installation procedures must also be in conformance with pipe manufacturer's recommendations . Minimum depth of cover shall be 36- inches . A 2-inch wide magnetic I . D . tape shall be placed continuously in the trench over all pipes , 12- inches below grade . Trace wire shall be wrapped on all pipes , per Detail MA4 , valves , fittings, and all appurtenances . Allowable deflection of the pipe joints and curvature of PVC pipe shall not exceed the manufacturer's specifications . 1 . Trench — Trench width shall be kept to a minimum necessary for pipe installation and shall comply with current OSHA requirements . The trench bottom shall be graded and alignment shall be parallel with roadway, where possible . 2 . Backfill — Only good quality backfill , free of stones , roots , rocks , broken cement or other material that might be damaging to the pipe shall be used . Backfill must be put in the trench in lifts . 3 . Compaction — All pipe must be compacted by hand tamping to the centerline , under the pipe . Backfill shall be compacted in lifts up to the surface to achieve a minimum compaction of 98 % of maximum density in roadways , shoulders , and easements in accordance with AASHTO Specifications TA 80 and ASTM D-2167 . 4 . Dewatering — Construction shall be accomplished in a dry trench . Well pointing may be required , as necessary. All water entering excavations or other parts of the work shall be contained , collected and pumped to suitable places for disposal as permitted by the Local , State or Water Management District. 11 - 6