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5 . Sheeting — Sheeting and shoring shall be installed as may be necessary <br /> for the protection of the work , preservation of adjacent property and <br /> structures and the safety of employees . Sheeting and bracing shall be <br /> uniform to OSHA requirements . <br /> 11 . 05 RESTRAINED JOINTS <br /> A. Restrained joints shall be used on lines per the Table of the IRCDUS Standards <br /> Drawing M-3 . Section of piping having restrained joints or those requiring <br /> restrained joints shall be constructed using pipe and fittings with restrained <br /> " Locked-type" joints and the joints shall be capable of holding against withdrawal <br /> for line pressures up to 150 pounds per square inch (psi ) . The pipe fittings shall <br /> be as shown for restrained push -on joints or restrained mechanical joints on <br /> Page 416 in Section VI , in the Hand book of Cast Iron Pipe , 4t' Edition . In all <br /> cases , restrained joints must be used per Section C below, with thrust blocks , per <br /> contract drawings . <br /> B . Restrained pipe joints that achieve restraint by incorporating cutout sections <br /> installed in the bell of the pipe shall have a minimum wall thickness at the point of <br /> cutout that corresponds with the minimum specified wall thickness for the rest of <br /> the pipe . <br /> C . The minimum number of restrained joints required for resisting forces at fittings <br /> and changes in direction of pipe shall be determined from the length of restrained <br /> pipe on each side of fittings and changes in direction necessary to develop <br /> adequate resisting friction with the soil . Drawing and formula below are provided <br /> for the Contractor as a guideline . <br /> Where : <br /> L = 1 . 5PAM1 COS X) <br /> fw <br /> L = Length of pipe on each side of fittings or change in direction <br /> P = 150 psi , unless otherwise noted <br /> A = Cross-sectional area in square inches based on outside diameter <br /> (O . D . ) of pipe <br /> X = Angle of bend or change in direction in degrees <br /> f = Coefficient of friction = 0 .4 (maximum ) <br /> W = W (earth ) + W (pipe) + W (water in pipe) W (earth ) <br /> _ (density of soil*) (depth of cover in feet) (O . D . in feet) <br /> * Maximum 12-lbs/cubic ft above maximum water table elevation <br /> and 60-lbs/cubic ft below maximum water table <br /> 11 - 7 <br />