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Sodium Zeolite Softening - A chemical method of water treatment <br />involving the exchange of ions (atoms) in which sodium and <br />potassium atoms are exchanged for calcium and magnesium and <br />potassium atoms are exchanged for iron/manganese/tannins. <br />Soil, Excessively Drained - Water is removed from the soil very <br />rapidly. Excessively drained soils are commonly very coarse <br />textured, rocky, or shallow. Some are steep. All are free of the <br />mottling related to wetness. <br />Soil, Moderately Well Drained - Water is removed from the soil <br />somewhat slowly during some periods. Moderately well drained soils <br />are wet for only a short time during the growing season, but <br />periodically they are wet long enough that most mesophytic crops <br />are affected. They commonly have a slowly pervious layer within <br />or directly below the solum, or periodically receive high rainfall, <br />or both. <br />Soil, Poorly Drained - Water is removed so slowly that the soil is <br />saturated periodically during the growing season or remains wet for <br />long periods. Free water is commonly at or near the surface for <br />long enough during the growing season that most mesophytic crops <br />cannot be grown unless the soil is artificially drained. The soil <br />is not continuously saturated in layers directly below plow depth. <br />Poor drainage results from a high water table, a slowly pervious <br />layer within the profile, seepage, nearly continuous rainfall, or <br />a combination of these. <br />Soil, Somewhat Excessively Drained - Water is removed from the soil <br />rapidly. Many somewhat excessively drained soils are sandy and <br />rapidly pervious. Some are shallow. Some are so steep that much <br />of the water they receive is lost as runoff. All are free of the <br />mottling related to wetness. <br />Soil, Somewhat Poorly Drained - Water is removed slowly enough that <br />the soil is wet for significant periods during the growing season. <br />Wetness markedly restricts the growth of mesophytic crops unless <br />artificial drainage is provided. Somewhat poorly drained soils <br />commonly have a slowly pervious layer, a high water table, <br />additional water from seepage, nearly continuous rainfall, or a <br />combination of these. <br />Soil, Very Poorly Drained - Water is removed from the soil so <br />slowly that free water remains at or on the surface during most of <br />the growing season. Unless the soil is artificially drained, most <br />mesophytic crops cannot be grown. Very poorly drained soils are <br />commonly level or depressed and are frequently ponded. Yet, where <br />rainfall is high and nearly continuous, they can have moderate or <br />high slope gradients. <br />Soil, Well Drained - Water is removed from the soil readily, but <br />not rapidly. It is available to plants throughout most of the <br />growing season, and wetness does not inhibit growth of roots for <br />significant periods during most growing seasons. Well drained <br />73 <br />