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Urban Water Qualitv and Fertilizer Ordinances:Avoidina Unintended Conseauences:A Review.... 11 <br /> s <br /> l <br /> i <br /> MT - .----- ---- <br /> 6 ----- <br /> V 1 <br /> v <br /> M <br /> 4 <br /> V <br /> c 3at 2 <br /> i— <br /> 0 ?_ -- <br /> May June July August September October <br /> Month in growing season <br /> Figure 2.Root mass of warm-season turlgrass(bermudagrass)across the growing season in Florida(after Sartain,2002). <br /> There was a significant difference between the mean of dry matter for May-July and that for August-October. <br /> growth and micronutrient demand.In the summer, deficiencies.Applying iron will not cure yellowing of <br /> frequent irrigations with high-pH(aquifer or turfgrass due to an N deficiency,and iron fertilizer is <br /> reclaimed)water causes the soil pH to rise,rendering not a substitute for N fertilizer. <br /> Fe unavailable.Other conditions leading to Fe <br /> deficiencies include saturated soils and compacted Issue#2. How might various urban soil <br /> soils(Carrow et al.,2001),which restrict root growth. types and qualities impact the effectiveness <br /> Foliar iron will help green-up the yellow areas in the of landscape fertilizer management? <br /> lawn caused by iron deficiency(Carrow et al.,2001). Probably no other factor is more important to <br /> The greening results from correcting the underlying nutrient management and water quality in urban <br /> iron deficiency so that the turfgrass can synthesize environments than the soil in the landscape.There <br /> more chlorophyll leading to better greener color may be no definition for a"typical'urban soil <br /> (Barker and Pilbeam,2007;Marschner, 1995). (Pouyat et al.,2010)since there are so many soil <br /> Yellowing of turfgrass also can result from N types,many types of urban fill-soils,and many ways <br /> deficiency.N deficiency is typically more general in to impact soils during construction and landscape <br /> scope in the lawn while Fe deficiency is in spots or installation. Soils can have direct effects on <br /> patches.N deficiency results in significantly reduced ecosystems,such as soil disturbance,and they can <br /> clipping yields while Fe deficiency typically does not have an indirect impact,such as pollution resulting <br /> (Carrow et al.,2001).Wording in the Florida Yards from soil management practices.Pouyat et al. (2010) <br /> and Neighborhoods Handbook(UF IFAS,2009): showed how these direct and indirect effects can <br /> "Apply an iron source instead of a nitrogen fertilizer. contribute to a"mosaic"of soil conditions in their <br /> To green the lawn without increasing growth in the study in Baltimore,Maryland.They found that urban <br /> summer, use chelated iron or iron sulfate"may lead to soils,even though disturbed,can have a high capacity <br /> misinterpretation.While both Fe and N deficiencies to deliver positive effects on the ecosystems relative <br /> result in yellowing,they are distinctly different to the native soils they replaced.McKinney(2008) <br />