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loss of electricity, individual utility emergency plans include <br />provisions for special facilities critical to the safety and <br />welfare of citizens. <br />• System Load Restoration — System Load Restoration is <br />instituted when rolling blackouts have been terminated and <br />power supply is adequate. It is the recovery stage, and <br />efforts are made to provide frequent system status reports. <br />Historic Events. In the U.S., from 2 July to 10 August 1996, <br />the Western States Utility Power Grid reported widespread <br />power outages that affected millions of customers in several <br />western states and adjacent areas of Canada and Mexico. <br />A massive power outage struck the northeast on Thursday, 14 <br />August 2003. Areas affected by the outage included New York <br />City and Albany, New York; Cleveland and Toledo, Ohio; <br />Detroit and Lansing, Michigan; parts of New Jersey and <br />Connecticut; as well as Toronto and Ontario, Canada. The <br />most extensive power failure in history, it shut down 10 major <br />airports, 9 power plants, affected 50 million people, and led to <br />a declared State of Emergency in New York City. The Ford <br />Motor Company lost production capability at 21 of its facilities. <br />Two deaths and 71 fires were attributed to the outage in New <br />York City alone (Gellman and Milbank, 2003). The preliminary <br />economic impacts of this event are large. It is estimated that <br />the power failure cost approximately $1 billion, including <br />$800 million in unsold goods and services and $250 million in <br />spoiled food. <br />Starting Aug 31, 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused widespread <br />power outages throughout Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, <br />Florida, Kentucky and Tennessee. Exact totals are hard to <br />even define especially in Louisiana parishes which became <br />unoccupied for months. Power was also knocked out to 1.3 <br />million customers when Katrina passed over Florida several <br />days earlier. In total 2.6 million people were left without power <br />as a result of the storm across the United States. <br />On February 26, 2008 a failed switch and fire at an electrical <br />substation outside Miami triggered widespread blackouts in <br />parts of Florida affecting four million people. The nuclear <br />reactors at Turkey Point power plant were shut down on the 84 <br />°F day. The failure knocked out power to customers in 35 <br />Indian River County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Page 63 <br />