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loss of electricity, individual utility emergency plans include <br /> provisions for special facilities critical to the safety and <br /> welfare of citizens. <br /> • System Load Restoration — System Load Restoration is <br /> instituted when rolling blackouts have been terminated and <br /> power supply is adequate. It is the recovery stage, and <br /> efforts are made to provide frequent system status reports. <br /> Historic Events. In the U.S., from 2 July to 10 August 1996, <br /> the Western States Utility Power Grid reported widespread <br /> power outages that affected millions of customers in several <br /> western states and adjacent areas of Canada and Mexico. <br /> A massive power outage struck the northeast on Thursday, 14 <br /> August 2003. Areas affected by the outage included New York <br /> City and Albany, New York; Cleveland and Toledo, Ohio; <br /> Detroit and Lansing, Michigan; parts of New Jersey and <br /> Connecticut; as well as Toronto and Ontario, Canada. The <br /> most extensive power failure in history, it shut down 10 major <br /> airports, 9 power plants, affected 50 million people, and led to <br /> a declared State of Emergency in New York City. The Ford <br /> Motor Company lost production capability at 21 of its facilities. <br /> Two deaths and 71 fires were attributed to the outage in New <br /> York City alone (Gellman and Milbank, 2003). The preliminary <br /> economic impacts of this event are large. It is estimated that <br /> the power failure cost approximately $1 billion, including <br /> $800 million in unsold goods and services and $250 million in <br /> spoiled food. <br /> Starting Aug 31, 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused widespread <br /> power outages throughout Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, <br /> Florida, Kentucky and Tennessee. Exact totals are hard to <br /> even define especially in Louisiana parishes which became <br /> unoccupied for months. Power was also knocked out to 1.3 <br /> million customers when Katrina passed over Florida several <br /> days earlier. In total 2.6 million people were left without power <br /> as a result of the storm across the United States. <br /> On February 26, 2008 a failed switch and fire at an electrical <br /> substation outside Miami triggered widespread blackouts in <br /> parts of Florida affecting four million people. The nuclear <br /> reactors at Turkey Point power plant were shut down on the 84 <br /> °F day. The failure knocked out power to customers in 35 <br /> Indian River County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Basic Page 63 <br />