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budgets ranging from $0 to$785 million In Indian River County,a total of 768 valid (Smithsonian Institution). Response rates for the audience-intercept surveys were collected from 341 communities ranged from 9.5 percent to 100 attendees to arts and cultural performances, percent and averaged 54.0 percent. It is important to events, and exhibits during 2016. note that each study region's results are based solely on the actual survey data collected.No Economic Analysis estimates have been made to account for A common theory of community growth is that an nonparticipating eligible organizations. Therefore, area must export goods and services if it is to prosper the less-than-100 percent response rates suggest an economically. This theory is called economic-base understatement of the economic impact findings in theory, and it depends on dividing the economy into most of the individual study regions. two sectors: the export sector and the local sector. Exporters, such as automobile manufacturers,hotels, In Indian River County, 10 of the 46 eligible and department stores, obtain income from customers nonprofit arts and cultural organizations outside of the community. This"export income"then identified by the Cultural Council of Indian enters the local economy in the form of salaries, River County participated in this study—a purchases of materials, dividends, and so forth,and participation rate of 21.7 percent becomes income to residents. Much of it is respent locally; some,however, is spent for goods imported Surveys of Nonprofit Arts and from outside of the community. The dollars respent Cultural AUDIENCES • locally have an economic impact as they continue to Audience-intercept surveying,a common and circulate through the local economy. This theory accepted research method, was conducted in all 341 applies to arts organizations as well as to other of the study regions to measure event-related producers. spending by nonprofit arts and culture audiences. Patrons were asked to complete a short survey Studying Economic Impact Using while attending an event. Nationally, a total of Input-Output Analysis 212,691 attendees completed a valid survey. The To derive the most reliable economic impact data, randomly selected respondents provided itemized input-output analysis is used to measure the impact of expenditure data on attendance-related activities expenditures by nonprofit arts and cultural such as meals, retail shopping(e.g.,gifts and organizations and their audiences. This is a highly- souvenirs), local transportation,and lodging. Data regarded type of economic analysis that has been the were collected throughout 2016(to account for basis for two Nobel Prizes. The models are systems seasonality)as well as at a broad range of both paid of mathematical equations that combine statistical and free events(a night at the opera will typically methods and economic theory in an area of study yield more audience spending than a weekend called econometrics. They trace how many times a children's theater production or a free community dollar is respent within the local economy before it music festival, for example). The survey leaks out,and it quantifies the economic impact of respondents provided information about the entire each round of spending. This form of economic party with whom they were attending the event. analysis is well suited for this study because it can be With an overall average travel party size of 2.56 customized specifically to each study region. people,these data actually represent the spending patterns of more than 544,489 cultural attendees. To complete the analysis for Indian River County, project economists customized an input-output AMERICANS FOR THE ARTS I Arts&Economic Prosperity 5 21 Ti. 1-21