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budgets ranging from $0 to $785 million (Smithsonian Institution). Response rates for the 341 communities ranged from. 9.5 percent to 100 percent and averaged 54.0 percent. It is important to note that each study region's results are based solely on the actual survey data collected. No estimates have been made to account for nonparticipating eligible organizations. Therefore, the less -than -100 percent response rates suggest an understatement of the economic impact findings in most of the individual study regions. In Indian River County, 10 of the 46 eligible nonprofit arts and cultural organizations identified by the Cultural Council of Indian River County participated in this study—a participation rate of 21.7 percent Surveys of Nonprofit Arts and Cultural AUDIENCES Audience -intercept surveying, a common and accepted research method, was conducted in all 341 of the study regions to measure event -related spending by nonprofit arts and culture audiences. Patrons were asked to complete a short survey while attending an event. Nationally, a total of 212,691 attendees completed a valid survey. The randomly selected respondents provided itemized expenditure data on attendance -related activities such as meals, retail shopping (e.g., gifts and souvenirs), local transportation, and lodging. Data were collected throughout 2016 (to account for seasonality) as well as at a broad range of both paid and free events (a night at the opera will typically yield more audience spending than a weekend children's theater production or a free community music festival, for example). The survey respondents provided information about the entire party with whom they were attending the event. With an overall average travel party size of 2.56 people, these data actually represent the spending patterns of more than 544,489 cultural attendees. AMERICANS FOR THE ARTS I Arts R Economic Prosperity 5 In Indian River County, a total of 768 valid audience -intercept surveys were collected from attendees to arts and cultural performances, events, and exhibits during 2016. Economic Analysis A common theory of community growth is that an area must export goods and services if it is to prosper economically. This theory is called economic -base theory, and it depends on dividing the economy into two sectors: the export sector and the local sector. Exporters, such as automobile manufacturers, hotels, and department stores, obtain income from customers outside of the community. This "export income" then enters the local economy in the form of salaries, purchases of materials, dividends, and so forth, and becomes income to residents. Much of it is respent locally; some, however, is spent for goods imported from outside of the community. The dollars respent locally have an economic impact as they continue to circulate through the local economy. This theory applies to arts organizations as well as to other producers. Studying Economic Impact Using Input -Output Analysis To derive the most reliable economic impact data, input-output analysis is used to measure the impact of expenditures by nonprofit arts and cultural organizations and their audiences. This is a highly - regarded type of economic analysis that has been the basis for two Nobel Prizes. The models are systems of mathematical equations that combine statistical methods and economic theory in an area of study called econometrics. They trace how many times a dollar is respent within the local economy before it leaks out, and it quantifies the economic impact of each round of spending. This form of economic analysis is well suited for this study because it can be customized specifically to each study region. To complete the analysis for Indian River County, project economists customized an input-output 21