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Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element include the cost of accidents and injuries; lost productivity and lost work time due to congestion; pollution; enforcement costs, including costs of adjudication; parking lot construction; and costs related to automobile purchase and operation. Although the true cost of externalities is difficult to quantify, recent research has provided multipliers that calculate estimated external costs of roadways relative to construction costs. Under this methodology, it is estimated that over $32-43 million/year is the external cost of the roadway system in Indian River County. System Preservation On a continuous basis, FDOT and Indian River County maintain the roadways in the county. In 2006, the centerline roadway mileage considered deficient on the FDOT network in the county was 34.8 miles. Deficient roadways are defined as those roadways which achieve a rating of less than 3.0 on the 5 -point FHWA pavement rating scale. Most of deficient roadways will be addressed by a number of programmed and/or underway projects. These include the resurfacing of US lfrom 37th Street to CR 510; the resurfacing of SR 60 from 20th Avenue to Beachland Boulevard; the resurfacing of the Wabasso Causeway (SR 510); and the widening of SR 60 from I-95 to Yeehaw Junction. Upon completion of these projects, it is anticipated that the total number of deficient centerline miles will be less than 10, or roughly 9% of the state highway system roads in Indian River County. In 2006, the cost to maintain all functionally classified roadways in Indian River County (including resurfacing, traffic operations, bridge maintenance, mowing, drainage maintenance and unpaved road grading) was approximately $8,000,000. Intergovernmental Coordination While the MPO continues to provide transportation planning services for the county, its level of planning, grant administration, coordination, and public outreach activity has greatly expanded since 1996. Over the years, the MPO has undertaken a number of studies and prepared a number of plans at the request of its member jurisdictions and agencies. These include a countywide signage and guidance study; a vacant parcel land use model; Fleming Street and Aviation Boulevard corridor studies; and a Greenways Plan. As a consequence, MPO meetings are now longer in duration and have sometimes involved up to 16 agenda items. Due to the complexity of the agenda topics, the MPO occasionally establishes an ad-hoc subcommittee, such as the Greenways project steering committee, to assist in the development of MPO projects. In 2003, the MPO added a standing agenda item for public comment to all of its agendas, an action which has resulted in substantial discussions on a wide variety of county transportation issues. In addition to its longstanding interagency coordination functions, the MPO is now an active participant in regional planning activities along the Treasure Coast. For example, MPO staff participated in the activities of the Committee for a Sustainable Treasure Coast (CSTC). The MPO has also coordinated extensively with St. Lucie County and is ensuring that sufficient inter - county connections, such as the proposed new roadway linking 58th Avenue (in southern Indian River County) and Kobelgard Road (in the Towns, Villages, and Countryside area of St. Lucie County) are included in the respective 2035 2040 LRTP updates of each county. Also, the MPO Community Development Department Indian River County 70 APPENDIX A — Transportation Amendments