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ARTICLE 7
<br />MANAGEMENT RIGHTS
<br />7.1 Except as otherwise specifically limited in this agreement, the Union recognizes
<br />and agrees that the supervision, management, control and determination of the
<br />County business, operations, working force, equipment, and facilities are
<br />exclusively vested in the County and its designated officials, administrators,
<br />managers, and supervisors. The County alone shall have the authority to
<br />determine and direct policies, mode, and methods of providing its services and
<br />unilaterally set the standards for same, without any interference in the
<br />management and conduct of the County's business by the Union or any of its
<br />representatives. Except as expressly limited by a specific provision of this
<br />agreement, the County shall continue to have the exclusive right to take any
<br />action it deems necessary or appropriate in the management of its business and
<br />the direction of its work force. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing,
<br />such rights exclusively reserved to the County shall include but not be limited to
<br />its right to determine the existence or nonexistence of facts which are the basis
<br />of management decisions; the right to determine the size and composition of its
<br />work forces; to determine the existence of a job vacancy; to temporarily fill
<br />vacancies; to hire new employees from the outside at any level; to select,
<br />reinstate, retire, promote, demote, evaluate, transfer, suspend, assign, direct,
<br />lay-off and recall employees subject to the express provisions of this agreement;
<br />to determine the fact of lack of work; to determine questions of physical fitness,
<br />skills and ability of employees to perform the work; to reward or reprimand, dis-
<br />charge or otherwise discipline employees; to maintain the minimum quali-
<br />fications/certifications for job classifications and the amount and type of work
<br />needed; to engage in experimental and development projects; to determine what
<br />records are to be made and kept, including those records relating to hours of
<br />work of employees, who will make and keep the records, how the records are to
<br />be made and kept; to establish new jobs, abolish or change existing jobs; to
<br />determine the assignment of work; to contract out or subcontract work; to
<br />schedule the hours and days to be worked on each job and to make time studies
<br />of work loads, job assignments, methods of operation and efficiency from time to
<br />time and to make changes based on said studies; to expand, reduce, alter,
<br />combine, transfer, assign, cease, create, or restructure any department or
<br />operation for business purposes; to control, regulate, and determine the number,
<br />type and use of supplies, machinery, equipment, vehicles, and other property
<br />owned, used, possessed or leased by the County; to introduce new, different or
<br />improved methods, means and processes of County services and operations; to
<br />make or change rules and regulations, policies and practices for the purpose of
<br />efficiency, safe practices and discipline; and otherwise generally to manage the
<br />County, direct the work force, and establish terms and conditions of employment,
<br />except as modified or restricted by a provision of this agreement.
<br />7.2 The County's failure to exercise any function or right hereby reserved to it, or, its
<br />exercising any function or right in a particular way, shall not be deemed a waiver
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