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12/12/24 Item 5.13. <br />OTETRA TECH <br />Common Causes of Copper Corrosion <br />• Pinhole leaks are caused by localized corrosion referred to as copper pitting <br />1St step: Pit initiation <br />2nd step: Pit propagation <br />• The pit propagation process can eventually lead to perforation of pipe wall and a <br />leak <br />• Propagation can occur rapidly or take many Years difficult to pinpoint exact <br />�.- <br />cause of pit initiation <br />• Once pit initiation has occurred, it is difficult to mitigate the propagation pr+G1' <br />tlt�It�yru+ <br />Common Causes of Copper Corrosion <br />• Common cause of corrosion include: <br />• Improper installation <br />• Excessive use of flux <br />• Improper electrical <br />Velocity <br />of piping <br />• Use of aggressive <br />grounding <br />Water age <br />• Manufacturing <br />fluxes <br />• Lightning strikes <br />Water stagnation <br />defects <br />• Chemical drain <br />• Microbial growth <br />Flow reversals <br />• Home treatment <br />cleaners <br />Pressure transients <br />systems <br />• Other aggressive <br />chemicals <br />• Water quality can also contribute to corrosion or exacerbate these factorsy <br />N <br />3� g <br />