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' be excavated and the pipe installed and backfilled . The remainder of the fill <br /> section shall then be placed and compacted . <br /> G . Control the water content of backfill and fill material during placement within <br /> the range necessary to obtain the compaction specified . In general , the <br /> ' moisture content of the material shall be within ±2 percent of the moisture <br /> content for optimum compaction as determinedly laboratory tests . <br /> Perform all necessary work to adjust the water content of the material to <br /> within the range necessary to permit the compaction specified . Do not <br /> place backfill or fill material when free water is standing on the surface of <br /> the area where it is to be placed . No compaction will be permitted with free <br /> water on any portion of the material to be compacted . <br /> H . Perform compaction of fill with equipment suitable for the type of material <br /> placed and which is capable of providing the densities required . <br /> Compaction should result in a firm and unyielding base . <br /> I . Compact fill shall be compacted by at least two coverages of all portions of <br /> the surface of each lift by compaction equipment . A single coverage is <br /> defined as the condition obtained when all portions of the surface of the fill <br /> ' material have been subjected to the direct contact of the compactor. <br /> J . Test the effectiveness of the equipment selected by CONTRACTOR at the <br /> ' commencement of compaction by construction of a small section of fill <br /> within the area where fill is to be placed . If tests on this section of fill show <br /> that the specified compaction is not obtained , increase the number of <br /> coverages , decrease the lift thickness or obtain a different type of <br /> compactor. No additional cost to OWNER shall be incurred . <br /> K . Perform backfill around structures using the specified procedures , except <br /> that within 10 feet of foundations and underground structures , use light <br /> compaction equipment . Take care not to over compact the backfill around <br /> buried structures , thereby over stressing the walls of the structure . <br /> L . Compaction Requirements : Unless specified elsewhere or otherwise shown <br /> on the Construction Drawings or stated by the ENGINEER , each layer of all <br /> fill and backfill , including that for utility trenches , shall be compacted to the <br /> ' density listed below as determined by AASHTO T- 180 . Each layer shall be <br /> compacted to the specified density before placing subsequent layers . <br /> 1 . Structures and building slabs and footings , within 10 feet around <br /> perimeter of buildingslabs - 98 percent of maximum dry density . <br /> Compact the material under slab and footing bottoms for a minimum <br /> depth of 24eet , to no less than 98 percent maximum dry density . Note : <br /> Last revised 9/ 10/02 02220,, 15 EAST GIFFORD <br /> FAPublic Works\KeithM\Storm%ater Projects\Afford East\Construction Contract\Technical Specifications\Final Specifications\Division <br /> 2\02220 - Excavation and Backfll.doc <br />